SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2024
·
IF 8.2
Xunyue Liu,Haojie Zhu,Peng Liu,Junyao Ge,Qiong Rao,Wenze He,Jianqiang Sun
Spirotetramat, an insecticide derived from cycloketone and extensively utilized in agricultural production, has been reported to be toxic to an array of aquatic organisms. Previous studies have indicated that spirotetramat can cause toxicity such as impaired ovarian development and apoptosis in zebrafish, but its toxicological effects on lipid metabolism and liver health in zebrafish remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of spirotetramat exposure on zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) by examining key markers of lipid metabolism, alterations in gene expression related to this process, and histological characteristics of the liver. Spirotetramat significantly reduced the condition factor, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at 2 mg/L. The expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis ( acacb ), β-oxidation ( acox1 , pparda ) and pro-inflammatory cytokines ( tnf-α , il-1β ) was downregulated. However, the expression of genes related to lipid transport and uptake ( cd36 , ppara ) and output ( apob ) was upregulated. The activity of alanine aminotransferase was significantly inhibited. Histopathology results showed that spirotetramat exposure led to liver cell vacuolation and necrosis. In addition, molecular docking results of spirotetramat and lipid transport related protein ( ACC , ApoB ) in both zebrafish and human showed the binding energy of human proteins is lower than that for zebrafish, and that the number of hydrogen bonds formed was higher. It is speculated that spirotetramat may also pose a significant potential hazard to humans, potentially affecting human lipid metabolism and health. This study expunge shed light on the ecological toxicity of spirotetramat by showing how it disrupts lipid metabolism and causes tissue damage specifically in zebrafish liver, contributing to a deeper understanding of its harmful effects in aquatic environment.
研究领域:
水生毒理学
·
分子生物学
·
环境科学
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AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.3
Xunyue Liu,Junyao Ge,Haojie Zhu,Peng Liu,Huidi Zhang,Qiong Rao,Wenze He,Jianqiang Sun
Spirotetramat is a novel, tetrahydrofuran-based broad-spectrum insecticide. It is widely used in global agriculture due to its high insecticidal activity. However, its long-term and extensive use causes environmental accumulation, making its toxicity to non-target organisms a key issue in environmental risk assessments. Previous studies have confirmed that it causes oxidative damage in zebrafish embryos and gonads. The toxic effects and mechanisms of spirotetramat in the zebrafish intestine remain unclear, despite its importance in digestion and absorption, immune defense, and microbiota-host interactions. This study systematically investigated the toxic effects of spirotetramat on zebrafish intestine using multidimensional approaches, including histopathological observation, detection of oxidative stress-related gene expression, and analysis of intestinal microbiota. This study found that gene expression levels of sod, cat , and gpx increased in the 0.08 mg/L group but decreased in the 2 mg/L group, indicating that low concentrations activate the intestinal antioxidant system, while high concentrations cause significant overload. Histopathological analysis revealed intestinal damage, including villus fragmentation and epithelial detachment, in the 2 mg/L treatment group. The increased alkaline phosphatase activity in the 2 mg/L group may be associated with compensatory repair. Microbiota analysis revealed an elevated quantity and diversity of intestinal flora in the treatment groups, with altered abundance of specific bacteria in the 2 mg/L treatment group. Functional prediction of the microbiota suggested that spirotetramat exposure induced changes in metabolic functions. In conclusion, spirotetramat induced intestinal oxidative stress in zebrafish, leading to intestinal barrier damage and microbiota dysbiosis. This study provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive assessment of spirotetramat's ecological risks.
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JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 2.6
Xue Gong,Zhinan Lin,Yanjiao Zhou,Dingfeng Duan,Qian Han,Chenghong Liao
Physiological homeostasis is fundamental to vector competence in Aedes aegypti . Using RNA interference coupled with integrated multi-omics analysis (transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome), we elucidated the critical role of Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase-1 of Aedes aegypti (AaaaNAT) in maintaining salivary gland homeostasis and systemic physiological integrity. AaaaNAT1 knockdown precipitated genome-wide transcriptomic repression in salivary glands, concurrent suppression of energy metabolism, activation of compensatory protein synthesis, and extensive metabolic reprogramming. These molecular perturbations manifested as severely compromised immune defense, evidenced by rapid mortality upon bacterial challenge, and dramatically enhanced insecticide susceptibility. Notably, the LC50 of chlorpyrifos decreased from 7.90 μg/mL to 0.93 μg/mL, representing an ∼8-fold sensitivity increase. Multi-omics integration further revealed that AaaaNAT1 dysfunction disrupts sphingolipid signaling and impairs detoxification pathways, ultimately driving physiological collapse. Our findings establish AaaaNAT1 as a pivotal orchestrator of physiological homeostasis and stress adaptation, positioning it as a high-value molecular target for innovative vector control strategies. This work provides a robust framework for identifying critical gene targets and lays a solid foundation for translational applications in mosquito-borne disease prevention.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 5.1
Yeru Liu,Mengxue Zhang,Xiaolei Zhao,Yifan Zhou,Hongna Yin,Li Zhou,Zhicheng Liu,Qiyong Cai
Glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide extensively applied in agriculture, may bioaccumulate in humans via the food chain and pose toxicological risks. In this work, an integrated biosensing strategy for glyphosate is developed, integrating a self-developed Android application (APP) with alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-triggered silicon nanodot (Si NDs) fluorescence biosensing to achieve field-deployable quantification. In the sensing system, ascorbic acid (AA), produced by ALP-catalyzed substrate 2-phospho- l -ascorbic acid trisodium salt (AA2P), can reduce the silane precursor 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) at room temperature to nucleate and grow green fluorescent Si NDs with an emission wavelength of 505 nm. The fluorescence intensity is dynamically modulated by the inhibitory effect of glyphosate on ALP activity, enabling a quantitative relationship between pesticide concentration and signal output. The sensor displayed a robust linear response toward glyphosate across 0.005–100 μM, with detection limits of 2.4 nM (fluorimeter) and 18 nM (APP). Importantly, the custom-designed Android application integrates image acquisition, RGB signal extraction, and calibration modeling, transforming smartphone into portable analytical devices. This synergy between nanomaterial innovation and digital technology not only delivered high recovery rates (80–109.5%) in spiked real samples but also demonstrated excellent reproducibility (RSD < 2.9%) and selectivity, underscoring its promise as a next-generation strategy for on-site glyphosate monitoring.
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·Vol. 98
·期 31
·23266-23279
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IF 7.3
He Feng,Xu Xinxin,Liu Liqiang,Wu Aihong,Qu Aihua,Xu Chuanlai,Kuang Hua
The
widespread application and environmental persistence of three
spirocyclic tetronic/tetramic acid derivatives (STADs)─spirodiclofen
(SDF), spiromesifen (SMF), and spirotetramat (STM)─have raised
sustained concerns regarding their residue accumulation, potential
ecotoxicity, and risks to human health, underscoring the urgent need
for rapid detection methods. Herein, six haptens were rationally designed
and screened using computational chemistry-assisted molecular modeling
tools, followed by the successful generation of specific monoclonal
antibodies against SDF, SMF, and STM via hybridoma technology, with
half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 4.91, 0.56, and 1.03 ng/mL,
respectively. On this basis, a multiplex immunochromatographic assay
was developed for the first time using red, purple, and blue polystyrene
microspheres as tracer labels for the three antibodies. Coupled with
a portable reader, it enables simultaneous detection of the three
STADs in lake water, soil, and tomato samples within 15 min. This
assay achieves visual limits of detection (LODs) of 2–10 ng/g
and quantitative LODs of 0.48–2.29 ng/g across these matrices.
Recovery experiments and blinded sample analyses yielded results consistent
with those obtained by reference instrumental methods, confirming
the assay’s accuracy and reliability-and thereby providing
a sensitive, deployable, and practical tool for on-site, multiresidue
monitoring of STADs in environmental and agricultural samples.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2026
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IF 10.6
Xunyue Liu,Peng Liu,Haojie Zhu,Junyao Ge,Qiong Rao,Jianqiang Sun
Spirotetramat, a broad-spectrum tetronic acid insecticide, is widely used in agriculture because of its high insecticidal efficacy. However, its intensive and prolonged use may result in environmental accumulation and potential risks to non-target organisms. Although previous studies have demonstrated that spirotetramat induces developmental, reproductive, and hepatic toxicity in zebrafish, its neurotoxic effects on the brain and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically evaluate the neurotoxicity of spirotetramat in zebrafish and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms involved.Histopathological examination, behavioral analysis, neurotransmitter quantification, transcriptomic profiling, and molecular docking were performed. Spirotetramat exposure caused obvious histopathological damage in the zebrafish brain, including vacuolation and cellular degeneration, and induced abnormal locomotor behaviors, as evidenced by increased swimming speed and distance, together with enhanced thigmotaxis, geotaxis, and scototaxis. In addition, spirotetramat disrupted neurotransmitter homeostasis, characterized by elevated DOPAC and HK levels and reduced Pun levels. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant alterations in pathways related to visual transduction and neural regulation, accompanied by upregulated expression of key visual genes, including rho , pde6a , and saga . Molecular docking suggested potential interactions between spirotetramat and visual-related proteins in both zebrafish and humans. Overall, spirotetramat exerts significant neurotoxic effects in zebrafish, which may be associated with disruption of neurotransmitter homeostasis and visual-related signaling pathways. These findings provide new insights into the neurotoxic potential of spirotetramat and provide a basis for future experimental investigation of its ecological and potential human health risks.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·
IF 1.431
Yiran Liang,Wenxia Wu,Xiaojun Cheng,Jiye Hu
The aim of this study was to investigate the fate, terminal residues and risk assessment of spirotetramat and its four metabolites in pineapple and pineapple pulp samples. To achieve this goal, a simple, efficient and sensitive method based on QuEChERS technique was developed using LC-MS/MS. The limit of quantification was 0.01 mg/kg for all the target analytes with the average recoveries ranging from 77% to 109%. The validated method was successfully applied to investigate the fate and terminal residue of spirotetramat and its four metabolites in pineapple and pineapple pulp samples in China. The dissipation dynamics of spirotetramat in pineapple were investigated according to first-order kinetics and the calculated half-lives were 4.6 and 2.3 days in the two sampling locations. After two or three applications at the doses of 80 to120 mg a.i./kg, the highest spirotetramat residue (sum of spirotetramat and its four metabolites) that detected in pineapple and pineapple pulp samples were 0.203 and 0.064 mg/kg. The dietary risk assessment of spirotetramat in pineapple was assessed by risk quotients and the calculated risk quotient value was found to be far below 100%, indicating a low health risk to the consumers. As there was no recommended MRL value in pineapple in China, these results should be useful for safe and reasonable usage of spirotetramat in pineapple in China.
研究领域:
食品科学
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环境科学
·
毒理学
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2019
·
IF 4.527
Wenfeng Wang,Qun Wan,Yixin Li,Wenjun Xu,Xiangyang Yu
The extensive application of pesticides in agricultural activities has raised increasing concerns on crop contamination by pesticide residues . Vegetables seem more susceptible to pesticide contamination given the high-intensive application of pesticides during their entire growth, while information about transfer and cell diffusion characteristics of pesticides in vegetables is currently insufficient. Here, we investigated the uptake, translocation and subcellular distribution behaviors of four commonly used pesticides in Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa var. chinensis ) under laboratory hydroponic conditions. Root uptake of pesticides followed the order of fenbuconazole > avermectin > thiamethoxam > spirotetramat. Thiamethoxam was more readily to be translocated from vegetable root to shoot, while spirotetramat, fenbuconazole and avermectin preferentially accumulated in vegetable root. Cell soluble components were the dominant storage compartment for thiamethoxam. The majority of spirotetramat, fenbuconazole and avermectin were partitioned into the cell walls. Hopefully, results of this study would extend the current knowledge of pesticide bioconcentration behavior in food-crops and assist in properly evaluating the threats of pesticide residues to human health via food chain .
研究领域:
农业科学
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环境科学
·
植物生理学
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食品安全
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2023
·
IF 8.9
Fang Jiao,Hua Rong,Yang Zhao,Panfeng Wu,Yaohui Long,Jie Xu,Tao Zhao,Lingxi Han,Jun Wang,Huirong Yang
Spirotetramat (SPT), a tetronic acid-derived insecticide, is implicated in reproductive and lipid metabolism disorders, as well as developmental toxicity in fish. While these effects are documented, the precise mechanisms underlying its developmental toxicity are not fully elucidated. In this study, zebrafish embryos (2 h post-fertilization, hpf) were exposed to four concentrations of SPT (0, 60, 120, and 240 μg/L) until 21 dpf (days post-fertilization). We delved into the mechanisms by examining its potential disruption of the thyroid endocrine system, employing in vivo , in vitro , and in silico assays. The findings showed notable developmental disturbances, including reduced hatching rates, shortened body lengths, and decelerated heart rates. Additionally, there was an increase in malformations and a decline in locomotor activity. Detailed analyses revealed that SPT exposure led to elevated thyroid hormone levels, perturbed the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis transcript levels, amplified deiodinase type I (Dio1) and deiodinase type II (Dio2) activities, and both transcriptionally and proteomically upregulated thyroid receptor beta (TRβ) in larvae. Techniques like molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed SPT's affinity for TRβ, consistent with in vitro findings suggesting its antagonistic effect on the T3-TR complex. These insights emphasize the need for caution in using tetronic acid-derived insecticides.
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