Yufei Liu,Qingxi Ren,Zhilei Zhou,Zhongwei Ji,Dongliang Ren,Yi Yang,Jian Mao
Baijiu, a distilled Chinese spirit, is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages. However, excessive drinking of Baijiu may cause severe hangover symptoms, including headache, reduced appetite, and dizziness. Herein, we aimed to characterize various clinical hangover symptoms induced by binge consumption of Baijiu samples with different post-drinking qualities in a BALB/c mouse model. Baijiu sample with higher concentrations of alcohols and aldehydes resulted in more severe hangovers in population. Mice administered with the low post-drinking quality Baijiu exhibited altered neurobiochemical parameters and impaired motor performance 10 h after gavage dose of 4.3 g ethanol/kg body weight, including decreased brain 5-hydroxytryptamine, sucrose preference, increased serum endothelin and gait ataxia. Correlation analysis further revealed that these mouse indices were strongly correlated with hangover symptoms in population, and profound correlations were observed between mice indicators and Baijiu congeners. These results indicated that assessing these mouse indices at 10 h after administration can effectively discriminate Baijiu with different hangover effects, and high concentrations of congeners, such as alcohols and aldehydes, may be responsible for the varying post-drinking qualities of Baijiu.
Currently, surfactants are widely distributed in the environment. As organic pollutants, their toxicities have drawn extensive attention. In this study, the effects of anionic [sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) ], cationic [dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (1227)] and non-ionic [fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) ] surfactants on zebrafish larval behaviour were evaluated. Five behavioural parameters were recorded using a larval rest/wake assay, including rest total, number of rest bouts, rest bouts length, total activity and waking activity. The results revealed that 1227 and AEO at 1 μg/mL were toxic to larval locomotor activity and that SDS had no significant effects. Moreover, we tested the toxicities of the three surfactants in developing zebrafish embryos. AEO exposure resulted in smaller head size, smaller eye size and shorter body length relative to SDS and 1227. All three surfactants incurred concentration-dependent responses. Furthermore, in situ hybridisation indicated that smaller head size may be associated with a decreased expression of krox20 . The altered expression of ntl demonstrated that the developmental retardation stemmed from inhibited cell migration and growth. These findings provide references for ecotoxicological assessments of different types of surfactants and play a warning role in the application of surfactants.
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