Yongmao Guan,Liqing Yang,Chao Chen,Rui Wan,Chen Guo,Pengfei Wang
Crack pattern-based metal grid film is an ideal candidate material for transparent electromagnetic interference shielding optical windows. However, achieving crack patterns with narrow grid spacing, small wire width, and high connectivity remains challenging. Herein, an aqueous acrylic colloidal dispersion was developed as a crack precursor for preparing crack patterns. The ratio of hard monomers in the precursor, the coating thickness, and the drying mediation strategy were systematically varied to control the spacing and width of the crack patterns. The resulting dense and narrow crack patterns served as sacrificial templates for the fabrication of patterning metal grid films on transparent substrates, intended for optoelectronic applications. These films demonstrated excellent optoelectronic properties (82.7% transmission at 550 nm visible light, sheet resistance 4.1 Ω/sq) and strong EMI shielding effectiveness (average shielding effectiveness 33.6 dB at 1–18 GHz), showcasing their potential as a scalable and effective transparent EMI shielding solution.
Zijie Xu,Weifeng Li,Jiani Huang,Qian Liu,Xing Guo,Wenxi Guo,Xiangyang Liu
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) presenting reversible color variation are considered as the most promising alternative to traditional smart windows. However, the fabrication of large-scale ECDs with high flexibility and stability is still challenging. In this work, we present a crackle pattern technology for controllable and large-scale fabrication of rectangular Ag network films for indium tin oxide-free (ITO-free) flexible ECDs. This rectangular Ag film exhibits superior mechanical robustness and controllable optoelectronic performance (2.0 Ω sq−1 at 91% transmittance). In the application of WO3 based ECD, the rectangular film presents an ultrafast switching time (0.25/0.18 s for bleaching/coloring) and is thus applicable in flexible displays. Moreover, this device demonstrates a large optical modulation of 76% at 630 nm and sustains 78.9% of its initial modulation even after 20 000 cycles, which is close to the commercial standard for rigid ECDs. The obtained rectangular Ag films are successfully assembled into a flexible all-solid-state ECD (21 × 13 cm2), which can be utilized in smart windows, glasses and other fields that require bending or cutting.
Min Hu,Yuting Li,Kuiyan Zhan,Cunyu Song,Fang He,Yuexiang Li,Zhenxing Wang
Confinement capillarity based on functional coatings is an effective way to enhance water evaporation via generating thin water in the internal surfaces of porous photothermal materials. However, current functional coatings with confinement capillarity tend to be single-functional and easily detach from the substrates under mechanical compression, limiting their practical applications. Endowing evaporator with both durable confinement capillarity and versatility is still a great challenge due to the trade-offs among functional designs. Herein, inspired by nature, multifunctional cracked metal-phenolic networks (MC-MPNs) with durable confinement capillarity and photocatalysis are developed, which can be firmly decorated on porous sponges to fabricate high-performance and multifunctional evaporators. The crack patterns and surface microstructures of the MC-MPNs can be controlled, which not only generates an ultrathin water layer in the internal pores of a sponge to realize confinement capillarity, but also optimizes its photocatalysis properties. Therefore, the resultant evaporator can realize highly efficient evaporation (3.2 kg m −2 h −1 ) and dye photocatalysis without requiring H 2 O 2 addition. Moreover, the cracks can act as a buffer zone to significantly enhance the stability of the MC-MPNs coatings under compression (negligible performance loss after 1000 cycles), breaking the bottleneck for the practical applications of confinement capillarity toward solar desalination and water remediation. This study will open an avenue to design multifunctional photothermal coatings with durable confinement capillarity, paving the way for their practical application in solar desalination and water remediation.
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