Agriculture-Basel
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 12
·250
·
IF 0
Hua Huang,Yueming Jiang
This study comprehensively analysed the chemical composition of the cuticle in pitaya fruits. The total coverage amount of the waxes versus cutin monomers accumulated at a ratio of 0.6, corresponding to masses per unit of 30.3 μg·cm−2and 50.8 μg·cm−2, respectively. The predominant wax mixtures weren-alkanes in homologous series of C20–C35, dominated by C31and C33; as well as triterpenoids with an abundant amount of uvaol, lupenon, β-amyrinon, and β-amyrin. The most prominent cutin compounds were C16- and C18-type monomers, in which 9(10),16-diOH-hexadecanoic acid and 9,10-epoxy-ω-OH-octadecanoic acid predominated, respectively. The average chain length (ACL) of aliphates in pitaya fruit cuticle (30.5) was similar to that estimated in leaf waxes, and higher than that in most of the fruit and petal waxes that have been reported. We propose that the relatively high ACL and wax/cutin ratio might enhance the cuticular barrier properties in pitaya fruit cuticle to withstand drought.Keywords:pitaya fruit;cuticle;wax;cutin;ACL
研究领域:
植物科学
·
农业化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY
·
2019
·
IF 2.367
Li Zhengguang,Huang Jie,Zhang Yong,Cao Jiaojiao,Wang Xingqi,Chu Xiaoqin
Objective: The purpose of this study was to research the mechanism of percutaneous penetration of Ibuprofen (IBU) nanoemulsion.Method: Transdermal penetration mechanism of IBU nanoemulsion was investigated by using Fourier transform infra-red spectral analysis (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter thermogram (DSC), and activation energy (Ea) measurement. The in vivo skin penetration test of rats was carried out using Rhodamine B nanoemulsion to simulate the process of drug penetration into the skin, and the frozen section of the skin was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Result: FTIR spectra and DSC thermogram of rat skin treated with IBU nanoemulsion showed that infiltration occurred due to disruption of the stratum corneum (SC) protein–lipid structure and increasing of fluidity, hydration, and disruption of the lipid bilayer structure of the SC. The significant reduce in Ea (1.255 kcal/mol) for IBU permeating rat skin suggested crucial disruption of the SC lipid bilayers (P < 0.05), which is speculated that nanoemulsion may create new pathways to promote drug penetration. CLSM revealed that Rhodamine B penetrated into the SC in a shorter period of time and it accumulated around the sebaceous glands.Conclusion: The study of skin penetration mechanism indicated that nanoemulsion can be perfectly well used as the transdermal penetration of poorly soluble drugs.
研究领域:
药剂学
·
皮肤科学
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ANNALS OF BOTANY
·
2023
·Vol. 131
·期 4
·723-736
·
IF 4.2
Li Hu-Jun,Bai Wan-Peng,Liu Lin-Bo,Liu Hai-Shuang,Wei Li,Garant Timothy M,Kalinger Rebecca S,Deng Yu-Xuan,Wang Gai-Ni,Bao Ai-Ke,Ma Qing,Rowland Owen,Wang Suo-Min
Background and AimsDesert plants possess excellent water-conservation capacities to survive in extreme environments. Cuticular wax plays a pivotal role in reducing water loss through plant aerial surfaces. However, the role of cuticular wax in water retention by desert plants is poorly understood.MethodsWe investigated leaf epidermal morphology and wax composition of five desert shrubs from north-west China and characterized the wax morphology and composition for the typical xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum under salt, drought and heat treatments. Moreover, we examined leaf water loss and chlorophyll leaching of Z. xanthoxylum and analysed their relationships with wax composition under the above treatments.Key ResultsThe leaf epidermis of Z. xanthoxylum was densely covered by cuticular wax, whereas the other four desert shrubs had trichomes or cuticular folds in addition to cuticular wax. The total amount of cuticular wax on leaves of Z. xanthoxylum and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus was significantly higher than that of the other three shrubs. Strikingly, C31 alkane, the most abundant component, composed >71 % of total alkanes in Z. xanthoxylum, which was higher than for the other four shrubs studied here. Salt, drought and heat treatments resulted in significant increases in the amount of cuticular wax. Of these treatments, the combined drought plus 45 °C treatment led to the largest increase (107 %) in the total amount of cuticular wax, attributable primarily to an increase of 122 % in C31 alkane. Moreover, the proportion of C31 alkane within total alkanes remained >75 % in all the above treatments. Notably, the water loss and chlorophyll leaching were reduced, which was negatively correlated with C31 alkane content.ConclusionZygophyllum xanthoxylum could serve as a model desert plant for study of the function of cuticular wax in water retention because of its relatively uncomplicated leaf surface and because it accumulates C31 alkane massively to reduce cuticular permeability and resist abiotic stressors.
研究领域:
植物学
·
生态学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Foods
·
2023
·Vol. 12
·期 10
·2011
·
IF 5.2
Lilai Mo,Xinzhuan Yao,Hu Tang,Yan Li,Yujie Jiao,Yumei He,Yihe Jiang,Shiyu Tian,Litang Lu
Cuticular wax is a complex mixture of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their derivatives that constitute a natural barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses on the aerial surface of terrestrial plants. In tea plants, leaf cuticular wax also contributes to the unique flavor and quality of tea products. However, the mechanism of wax formation in tea cuticles is still unclear. The cuticular wax content of 108 germplasms (Niaowang species) was investigated in this study. The transcriptome analysis of germplasms with high, medium, and low cuticular wax content revealed that the expression levels ofCsKCS3andCsKCS18were strongly associated with the high content of cuticular wax in leaves. Hence, silencingCsKCS3andCsKCS18using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited the synthesis of cuticular wax and caffeine in tea leaves, indicating that expression of these genes is necessary for the synthesis of cuticular wax in tea leaves. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of cuticular wax formation in tea leaves. The study also revealed new candidate target genes for further improving tea quality and flavor and cultivating high-stress-resistant tea germplasms.Keywords:cuticle wax;KCSgene family;tea plant (Camellia sinensis);wax biosynthesis
研究领域:
植物学
·
遗传学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Insect Science
·
2025
·
IF 3
Yi Ding,Yuntian Cui,Huijie Xie,Jinhui Liang,Huan Liu,Fenghou Yuan,Tian Liu
The mode of action of botanical pesticides is often complex. In this study, camptothecin (CPT), a plant-derived compound, was found to alter the mechanical properties of the cuticle in the lepidopteran pest, Ostrinia furnacalis . CPT treatment resulted in a thinner, distorted cuticle with significantly reduced pigmentation. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy indicated decreased tyrosine-mediated crosslinking and melanin formation, while metabolomics showed a significant reduction in N -acetyldopamine content, with no reduction in dopamine or related precursors. Despite a slight increase in laccase 2 transcript levels, laccase activity was significantly reduced in CPT-fed larvae, suggesting that CPT may inhibit laccase translation or zymogen activation. This reduction in laccase activity led to impaired sclerotization and pigmentation, producing a disordered cuticle with weakened mechanical properties. These findings provide new insights into the mode of action of botanical pesticides and their potential to regulate insect cuticle formation.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
植物化学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.8
Huihui Wang,Yuhang Du,Aying Wen,Shaofeng Yuan,Hang Yu,Weirong Yao
BACKGROUND Cuticular wax is vital for preventing pesticide migration into fruit tissue, yet interactions between pesticides and wax components remain unclear. This study investigated the adsorption of non-systemic pesticide chlorothalonil on grape cuticles and dewaxed grape cuticles to quantify wax contributions and elucidate the interaction between chlorothalonil and wax components. RESULTS The wax was distributed on the surface of the grape cuticles with higher lipophilicity. The distinct chlorothalonil adsorption behaviors on grape cuticles (featuring heterogeneous and multilayer chemical adsorption) and dewaxed grape cuticles (featuring homogeneous and monolayer physical adsorption) were attributed to the presence of wax. Wax accounted for 40.36% of the total grape cuticle content and contributed 67.47% to the chlorothalonil adsorption capacity, indicating that wax was the main site for chlorothalonil adsorption. Through wax analysis and molecular docking, hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid were considered as the major contributors, primarily engaging in hydrophobic interactions with chlorothalonil. Furthermore, gradual fluorescence quenching of chlorothalonil was observed with increasing concentrations of these acids (both below saturation concentrations, r = 0.99), confirming the intermolecular interaction between chlorothalonil and these acids. CONCLUSION The study clarified the residue behavior in fruit cuticles and the interaction between pesticides and cuticular wax. The findings provide important insights for optimizing pesticide application strategies to reduce pesticide residues in fruits and improve pest management efficiency. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
农业化学
·
植物生理学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 6.8
Hua Huang,Jiaying Yu
The cuticle layer covering the surface of the fruit acts as a crucial barrier to regulate water loss and preserve the texture. This study comprehensively investigated the morphological characteristics, cutin matrix depolymerization, and wax content and their effects on transpiration in Chinese olive fruit. Microscopic examination revealed that the surface of the fruit had fissured wax layers, sparse lenticels, and a delicate cuticle covering the epidermal cells. We developed a simple and efficient powder extraction method to decompose cutin polymers, especially from partially depolymerized cutin matrices and epidermal peels, from which cuticular membranes cannot be isolated. The analysis revealed a cutin monomer content of approximately 4.85 g m −2 , predominantly comprising C16–9/10,16-dihydroxy fatty acids (51.4 %) and phenols (19.5 %). The fruit waxes (8.11 g m −2 ) were predominantly composed of pentacyclic triterpenoids, constituting approximately 88 %, with a small amount of very-long-chain aliphatic compounds. The water loss rate from Chinese olive fruit was 4.75 × 10 −3 g m −2 s −1 , resulting in a permeability of 19.6 × 10 −5 m s −1 , which is higher than that reported for many other fruit. The reduced efficiency of the transpiration barrier may largely be attributed to the chemical composition and spatial arrangement of the cuticle. The findings of this study provide a basis for mitigating the dehydration process and developing appropriate preservation strategies for Chinese olive fruit.
研究领域:
植物生理学
·
园艺学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2019
·Vol. 24
·期 3
·523
·
IF 3.06
Xue-min Zhu,Yu Li,Fei Xu,Wei Gu,Guo-jun Yan,Jie Dong,Jun Chen
The measurement of skin electrical resistance (SER) has drawn a great deal of attention for the rapid screening of transdermal penetration enhancers (PEs). However, the mechanisms underlying the SER measurement are still unclear. This study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of seven oxygen-containing terpenes on the SER kinetics. Stratum corneum (SC) lipids were proved to play a key role in SER measurement. Then, the factors affecting the SER measurement were optimized. By the determination of SER kinetics, cyclic terpenes (1,8-cineole, terpinen-4-ol, menthol and α-terpineol) were demonstrated to possess higher enhancement ratio (ER) values compared with linear terpenes (linalool, geraniol and citral). For the first time, the linear correlation was found between ER of terpenes and the interaction energy of terpene–ceramide complexes revealed by molecular simulation. The attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis revealed that the effect of cyclic terpenes on SC lipid arrangement was obviously stronger than that of linear terpenes. In addition, by evaluating HaCaT skin cell viability, little difference was found between the toxicities of cyclic and linear terpenes. In conclusion, measurement of SER could be a feasible approach for the efficient evaluation of the PEs that mainly act on SC lipids.Keywords:oxygen-containing terpenes;penetration enhancers;stratum corneum lipids;skin electrical resistance
研究领域:
药剂学
·
生物物理学
·
药物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM
·
2022
·Vol. 174
·期 2
·e13650
·
IF 5.081
Hua Huang,Ying Hu,Ling Wang,Fengjun Li,Youxia Shan,Qiaoqiao Lian,Yueming Jiang
Plant cuticle as hydrophobic barrier covers almost all aerial plant organs. Herein the cuticular chemical components and the transpiration of various organs of Chinese flowering cabbage (CFC) and Chinese kale (CK) were comprehensively characterized. Numerous species- and organ-specific differences in morphological, chemical, and physiological levels were found. The various organs were relatively smooth in surface for CFC but glaucous with hollow tube- and plate-type crystals for CK. The chemical composition of cuticular waxes were very-long chain n -alkanes, ketones, secondary alcohols with a prominent carbon chain of C 29 in CK, primary alcohols dominated by C 26 , and aldehydes prominently C 30 in CFC. Cutin monomers accumulated with similar levels as waxes and were dominated by α , ω -dicarboxylic acids and fatty acids without added groups. The minimum water conductance differed considerably among species and various organs ranging between 8.9 × 10 −5 (CK leaf) and 3.7 × 10 −4 m s −1 (CFC leaf petiole). These differences in transpiration properties were proposed to be largely related to the cuticular chemicals in various organs and species. The presented results provide further insights to link the transpiration barrier functions with surface characteristics and cuticular chemicals.
研究领域:
植物学
·
生理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 6.8
Hua Huang,Genlin Mao,Dongjie Liu,Shenghua Ding
The cuticle layer covering on surface plays important roles in the quality changes including visual of appearance, texture, and water loss for fruit. The surface microstructures, chemical composition of epi- and intracuticular waxes, and cutin monomers, as well as their effects on fruit transpiration in Sanhua plum were comprehensively carried out. Microscopic observation revealed an irregular surface morphology characterized by continuous crusts interspersed with sparsely distributed nano-granular crystals. Chemical analysis demonstrated that the epicuticular waxes were primarily composed of very-long-chain n -alkanes, secondary alcohols, aldehydes, fatty acids, primary alcohols, and alkyl esters. The intracuticular waxes contained comparable levels of very-long-chain components and pentacyclic triterpenoids. The cutin monomers were predominantly C 16 -dihydroxy fatty acids, and other hydroxyl fatty acid derivatives, present with a moderate level as other reported Rosaceae family fruit. Compared to cutin polymers, the cuticular waxes contributed approximately 76.9 % of the total barrier to water loss, with the epicuticular wax layer exhibiting 1.6-fold to the intracuticular wax layer for the barrier efficiency in Sanhua plum fruit. The elucidation of the potential effect of surface lipids on transpiration was likely associated with the structural and chemical distribution of cuticular wax layers within the cuticle.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
·
2024
·
IF 2.8
Qi Duan,Zhicheng Ye,Kangfu Zhou,Feifei Wang,Cheng Lian,Yazhuo Shang,Honglai Liu
Transdermal behavior is a critical aspect of studying delivery systems and evaluating the efficacy of cosmetics. However, existing methods face challenges such as lengthy experiments, high cost, and limited model accuracy. Therefore, developing accurate transdermal models is essential for formulation development and effectiveness assessment. In this study, we developed a multiscale model to describe the transdermal behavior of active ingredients in the stratum corneum. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to construct lipid bilayers and determine the diffusion coefficients of active ingredients in different regions of these bilayers. These diffusion coefficients were integrated into a multilayer lipid pathway model using finite element simulations. The simulation results were in close agreement with our experimental results for three active ingredients (mandelic acid (MAN), nicotinamide (NIC), and pyruvic acid (PYR)), demonstrating the effectiveness of our multiscale model. This research provides valuable insights for advancing transdermal delivery methods.
研究领域:
药剂学
·
生物医学工程
·
化妆品科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Plant Science
·
2021
·
IF 5.754
Hua Huang,Ling Wang,Diyang Qiu,Nan Zhang,Fangcheng Bi
The plant cuticle covers almost all the outermost surface of aerial plant organs, which play a primary function in limiting water loss and responding to the environmental interactions. Banana fruit is susceptible to thermal changes with chilling injury below 13°C and green ripening over 25°C. Herein, the changes of surface morphology, chemical compositions of cuticle, and the relative expression of cuticle biosynthesis genes in banana fruit under low-temperature storage were investigated. Banana fruit exhibited chilling injury rapidly with browned peel appearance stored at 4°C for 6 days. The surface altered apparently from the clear plateau with micro-crystals to smooth appearance. As compared to normal ones, the overall coverage of the main cuticle pattern of waxes and cutin monomers increased about 22% and 35%, respectively, in browned banana stored under low temperature at 6 days. Fatty acids (C 16 –C 18 ) and ω-OH, mid-chain-epoxy fatty acids (C 18 ) dominated cutin monomers. The monomers of fatty acids, the low abundant ω, mid-chain-diOH fatty acids, and 2-hydroxy fatty acids increased remarkably under low temperature. The cuticular waxes were dominated by fatty acids (> C 19 ), n -alkanes, and triterpenoids; and the fatty acids and aldehydes were shifted to increase accompanied by the chilling injury. Furthermore, RNA-seq highlighted 111 cuticle-related genes involved in fatty acid elongation, biosynthesis of very-long-chain (VLC) aliphatics, triterpenoids, and cutin monomers, and lipid-transfer proteins were significantly differentially regulated by low temperature in banana. Results obtained indicate that the cuticle covering on the fruit surface was also involved to respond to the chilling injury of banana fruit after harvest. These findings provide useful insights to link the cuticle on the basis of morphology, chemical composition changes, and their biosynthesis regulations in response to the thermal stress of fruit during storage.
研究领域:
植物科学
·
农业科学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）