Agriculture-Basel
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2019
·Vol. 9
·期 12
·250
·
IF 0
Hua Huang,Yueming Jiang
This study comprehensively analysed the chemical composition of the cuticle in pitaya fruits. The total coverage amount of the waxes versus cutin monomers accumulated at a ratio of 0.6, corresponding to masses per unit of 30.3 μg·cm−2and 50.8 μg·cm−2, respectively. The predominant wax mixtures weren-alkanes in homologous series of C20–C35, dominated by C31and C33; as well as triterpenoids with an abundant amount of uvaol, lupenon, β-amyrinon, and β-amyrin. The most prominent cutin compounds were C16- and C18-type monomers, in which 9(10),16-diOH-hexadecanoic acid and 9,10-epoxy-ω-OH-octadecanoic acid predominated, respectively. The average chain length (ACL) of aliphates in pitaya fruit cuticle (30.5) was similar to that estimated in leaf waxes, and higher than that in most of the fruit and petal waxes that have been reported. We propose that the relatively high ACL and wax/cutin ratio might enhance the cuticular barrier properties in pitaya fruit cuticle to withstand drought.Keywords:pitaya fruit;cuticle;wax;cutin;ACL
研究领域:
植物科学
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农业化学
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产品关联
DOI
Frontiers in Plant Science
·
2022
·
IF 6.627
Huang Hua,Wang Ling,Qiu Diyang,Lu Yusheng
The plant cuticle, as a lipid membrane covering aerial plant surfaces, functions primarily against uncontrolled water loss. Herein, the cuticle chemical composition and the transpiration of wampee fruit (Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels) at the green, turning, and yellow stages in cultivars of “Jixin” and “Tianhuangpi” were comprehensively studied. The coverage of wax and cutin monomers per unit of fruit surface area at the green stage was lower in “Jixin” than in “Tianhuangpi” and increased gradually during development. Cutin monomers accumulated ranging from 22.5 μg cm−2 (green) to 52.5 μg cm−2 (turning) in “Jixin” and from 36.5 μg cm−2 (green) to 81.7 μg cm−2 (yellow) in “Tianhuangpi.” The total composition of waxes ranged between 6.0 μg cm−2 (green) and 11.1 μg cm−2 (turning) in “Jixin,” while they increased from 7.4 μg cm−2 (green) to 16.7 μg cm−2 (yellow) in “Tianhuangpi.” Cutin monomers were dominated by ω-, mid-dihydroxy fatty acids (over 40%), followed by multiple monomers of α,ω-dicarboxylic acids with or without added groups, α-monocarboxylic acids with or without ω- or mid-chain hydroxy or mid-epoxy groups, primary alcohols, and phenolics. The very-long-chain (VLC) aliphatic pattern of cuticular waxes was prominently composed of n-alkanes (ranging from 21.4% to 39.3% of total wax content), fatty acids, primary alcohols, and aldehydes. The cyclic waxes were dominated by triterpenoids (between 23.9 and 51.2%), sterols, and phenolics. Water loss in wampee fruit exhibited linear changes over time, indicating an overall monofunctional barrier to transpiration. Permeance for water in wampee fruit was higher at the green stage than at the yellow stage in both “Jixin” and “Tianhuangpi,” which showed a negative correlation with the changes of VLC n-alkanes. The results showed the cuticular chemicals, including cutin monomers and waxes, in wampee fruit and further indicated the potential contributions of the cuticular chemical composition to the physiological functions in fruits.
研究领域:
植物科学
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农业化学
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植物生理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
American Journal of Translational Research
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2017
·
IF 2.829
Xionglin Chen,Min Zhang,Xueer Wang,Yinghua Chen,Yuan Yan,Lu Zhang,Lin Zhang
Cutaneous wound healing following trauma is a complex and dynamic process involving multiple overlapping events following trauma. Two critical elements affecting skin wound healing are neovascularization and inflammation. A nascent vessel can provide nutrition and oxygen to a healing wound. Therefore, treatments strategies that enhance angiogenesis and inhibit inflammation can promote skin wound healing. Previous studies have shown that the SIKVAV peptide (Ser-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val) from laminin can promote angiogenesis in vitro . This study evaluated the effects of peptide SIKVAV-modified chitosan hydrogels on skin wound healing. We established skin wounds established in mice and treated them with SIKVAV-modified chitosan hydrogels. H&E staining showed that peptide-modified chitosan hydrogels accelerated the reepithelialization of wounds compared with the negative and positive controls. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that more myofibroblasts were deposited at wounds treated with peptide-modified chitosan hydrogels that at those treated with negative and positive controls. In addition, peptide-modified chitosan hydrogels promoted angiogenesis as well as keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, but inhibited inflammation in skin wounds. Taken together, these results suggest that SIKVAV-modified chitosan hydrogels are a promising treatment component for healing-impaired wounds.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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组织工程
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伤口愈合
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
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2020
·
IF 3.72
Hua Huang,Qiaoqiao Lian,Ling Wang,Youxia Shan,Fengjun Li,Sui Kiat Chang,Yueming Jiang
The cuticular membrane covering almost all aerial plant organs has a primary function in limiting uncontrolled water loss . The guava fruits were collected and this work was done to study the potential contribution of cuticular chemical composition to fruit transpiration after harvest. The detailed cuticular chemical composition, based on gas chromatography together with mass spectrometry , and the transpiration rate determined gravimetrically in guava fruit were characterized in the present study. The predominant wax mixtures were fatty acids and primary alcohols with homologous series of C 16 –C 33 , as well as various pentacyclic triterpenoids with abundant amounts of ursolic acid, maslinic acid and uvaol. The most prominent cutin compounds were C 16 and C 18 ‒type monomers dominated by 9(10),16-diOH-hexadecanoic acid and 9,10-epoxy-ω–OH–octadecanoic acid, respectively. Relatively high water permeability with a value of 5.1 × 10 −4 m s −1 was detected for guava fruit. The lower efficiency of the cuticle as barrier to transpiration in guava fruit, as compared to that of other reported fruits, leaves, and petals, was seemingly related to the relatively short average chain-length of acyclic compounds in wax mixtures. These findings provide useful insights linking the chemical composition of the cuticular membrane that covers plant organs to putative physiological roles.
研究领域:
植物生理学
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植物生物化学
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农学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY
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2019
·
IF 2.367
Li Zhengguang,Huang Jie,Zhang Yong,Cao Jiaojiao,Wang Xingqi,Chu Xiaoqin
Objective: The purpose of this study was to research the mechanism of percutaneous penetration of Ibuprofen (IBU) nanoemulsion.Method: Transdermal penetration mechanism of IBU nanoemulsion was investigated by using Fourier transform infra-red spectral analysis (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter thermogram (DSC), and activation energy (Ea) measurement. The in vivo skin penetration test of rats was carried out using Rhodamine B nanoemulsion to simulate the process of drug penetration into the skin, and the frozen section of the skin was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Result: FTIR spectra and DSC thermogram of rat skin treated with IBU nanoemulsion showed that infiltration occurred due to disruption of the stratum corneum (SC) protein–lipid structure and increasing of fluidity, hydration, and disruption of the lipid bilayer structure of the SC. The significant reduce in Ea (1.255 kcal/mol) for IBU permeating rat skin suggested crucial disruption of the SC lipid bilayers (P < 0.05), which is speculated that nanoemulsion may create new pathways to promote drug penetration. CLSM revealed that Rhodamine B penetrated into the SC in a shorter period of time and it accumulated around the sebaceous glands.Conclusion: The study of skin penetration mechanism indicated that nanoemulsion can be perfectly well used as the transdermal penetration of poorly soluble drugs.
研究领域:
药剂学
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皮肤科学
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生物医学工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
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2023
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IF 11.1
Zirong Li,Jiancheng Luo,Jun Wang,Yuanyuan Yu,Qiang Wang,Ping Wang
Savinase 16L as a type of mature protease for shrink-resist finishing can effectively hydrolyze wool scales, but it is also easy to penetrate into the cell membrane complex (CMC) layer, even easily causing undesired fiber damages. In this study, Savinase 16L was combinedly used with a protective agent of cyclamate, achieving an increase in the size of enzyme protein molecules through the intermolecular forces . This combined operation was intended to make it difficult for protease to enter the CMC layer, conferring protease a more concentrated actions towards wool scales. Meanwhile, a commercial keratinase was applied for wool pretreatment to loosen the structural integrity by hydrolyzing the disulfide bonds in wool scales. The combination use of hydrolase (20 U/mL of keratinase, and 6.5 U/mL protease) and 10 g/L cyclamate endowed the dyed wool fabric with encouraging shrink-resist property, achieving a felting shrinkage of 5.4% ± 0.55% with an acceptable strength loss of 12.3% ± 1.2%. More importantly, color hue of the wool fabric almost did not change compared with to that with chlorination method. As an eco-friendly and energy-saving strategy, it provides an efficient alternative for shrink-resist finishing of white and dyed wool fabrics, and expands the application of biotechnology in wool industry.
研究领域:
纺织科学
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生物技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ANNALS OF BOTANY
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2023
·Vol. 131
·期 4
·723-736
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IF 4.2
Li Hu-Jun,Bai Wan-Peng,Liu Lin-Bo,Liu Hai-Shuang,Wei Li,Garant Timothy M,Kalinger Rebecca S,Deng Yu-Xuan,Wang Gai-Ni,Bao Ai-Ke,Ma Qing,Rowland Owen,Wang Suo-Min
Background and AimsDesert plants possess excellent water-conservation capacities to survive in extreme environments. Cuticular wax plays a pivotal role in reducing water loss through plant aerial surfaces. However, the role of cuticular wax in water retention by desert plants is poorly understood.MethodsWe investigated leaf epidermal morphology and wax composition of five desert shrubs from north-west China and characterized the wax morphology and composition for the typical xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum under salt, drought and heat treatments. Moreover, we examined leaf water loss and chlorophyll leaching of Z. xanthoxylum and analysed their relationships with wax composition under the above treatments.Key ResultsThe leaf epidermis of Z. xanthoxylum was densely covered by cuticular wax, whereas the other four desert shrubs had trichomes or cuticular folds in addition to cuticular wax. The total amount of cuticular wax on leaves of Z. xanthoxylum and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus was significantly higher than that of the other three shrubs. Strikingly, C31 alkane, the most abundant component, composed >71 % of total alkanes in Z. xanthoxylum, which was higher than for the other four shrubs studied here. Salt, drought and heat treatments resulted in significant increases in the amount of cuticular wax. Of these treatments, the combined drought plus 45 °C treatment led to the largest increase (107 %) in the total amount of cuticular wax, attributable primarily to an increase of 122 % in C31 alkane. Moreover, the proportion of C31 alkane within total alkanes remained >75 % in all the above treatments. Notably, the water loss and chlorophyll leaching were reduced, which was negatively correlated with C31 alkane content.ConclusionZygophyllum xanthoxylum could serve as a model desert plant for study of the function of cuticular wax in water retention because of its relatively uncomplicated leaf surface and because it accumulates C31 alkane massively to reduce cuticular permeability and resist abiotic stressors.
研究领域:
植物学
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生态学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Foods
·
2023
·Vol. 12
·期 10
·2011
·
IF 5.2
Lilai Mo,Xinzhuan Yao,Hu Tang,Yan Li,Yujie Jiao,Yumei He,Yihe Jiang,Shiyu Tian,Litang Lu
Cuticular wax is a complex mixture of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their derivatives that constitute a natural barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses on the aerial surface of terrestrial plants. In tea plants, leaf cuticular wax also contributes to the unique flavor and quality of tea products. However, the mechanism of wax formation in tea cuticles is still unclear. The cuticular wax content of 108 germplasms (Niaowang species) was investigated in this study. The transcriptome analysis of germplasms with high, medium, and low cuticular wax content revealed that the expression levels ofCsKCS3andCsKCS18were strongly associated with the high content of cuticular wax in leaves. Hence, silencingCsKCS3andCsKCS18using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited the synthesis of cuticular wax and caffeine in tea leaves, indicating that expression of these genes is necessary for the synthesis of cuticular wax in tea leaves. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of cuticular wax formation in tea leaves. The study also revealed new candidate target genes for further improving tea quality and flavor and cultivating high-stress-resistant tea germplasms.Keywords:cuticle wax;KCSgene family;tea plant (Camellia sinensis);wax biosynthesis
研究领域:
植物学
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遗传学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Insect Science
·
2025
·
IF 3
Yi Ding,Yuntian Cui,Huijie Xie,Jinhui Liang,Huan Liu,Fenghou Yuan,Tian Liu
The mode of action of botanical pesticides is often complex. In this study, camptothecin (CPT), a plant-derived compound, was found to alter the mechanical properties of the cuticle in the lepidopteran pest, Ostrinia furnacalis . CPT treatment resulted in a thinner, distorted cuticle with significantly reduced pigmentation. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy indicated decreased tyrosine-mediated crosslinking and melanin formation, while metabolomics showed a significant reduction in N -acetyldopamine content, with no reduction in dopamine or related precursors. Despite a slight increase in laccase 2 transcript levels, laccase activity was significantly reduced in CPT-fed larvae, suggesting that CPT may inhibit laccase translation or zymogen activation. This reduction in laccase activity led to impaired sclerotization and pigmentation, producing a disordered cuticle with weakened mechanical properties. These findings provide new insights into the mode of action of botanical pesticides and their potential to regulate insect cuticle formation.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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植物化学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Catalysts
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 10
·1158
·
IF 4.146
Zhanyong Wang,Tingting Su,Jingjing Zhao
Genipin was used as a crosslinking agent to prepare magnetic genipin-crosslinked chitosan beads, which were then used as a carrier for immobilizing recombinant cutinase fromFusarium solani(FSC) to obtain immobilized FSC. The optimal temperature for the immobilized FSC was 55 °C, which was 5 °C higher than that of the free enzyme, whereas its optimal pH was increased from 8.0 to 9.0; this indicates that the immobilized FSC had improved pH and thermal stability. After repeated use for 10 cycles, the activity of the immobilized FSC remained at more than 50%; after being stored at 4 °C for 30 days, its activity was still approximately 88%. We also found that the Km of the immobilized FSC was higher than that of the free enzyme. These results indicate that the performance of FSC was improved after immobilization, which is an important basis for the subsequent application of FSC in industrial production.Keywords:immobilization;cutinase;chitosan;genipin
研究领域:
生物技术
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酶学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.8
Huihui Wang,Yuhang Du,Aying Wen,Shaofeng Yuan,Hang Yu,Weirong Yao
BACKGROUND Cuticular wax is vital for preventing pesticide migration into fruit tissue, yet interactions between pesticides and wax components remain unclear. This study investigated the adsorption of non-systemic pesticide chlorothalonil on grape cuticles and dewaxed grape cuticles to quantify wax contributions and elucidate the interaction between chlorothalonil and wax components. RESULTS The wax was distributed on the surface of the grape cuticles with higher lipophilicity. The distinct chlorothalonil adsorption behaviors on grape cuticles (featuring heterogeneous and multilayer chemical adsorption) and dewaxed grape cuticles (featuring homogeneous and monolayer physical adsorption) were attributed to the presence of wax. Wax accounted for 40.36% of the total grape cuticle content and contributed 67.47% to the chlorothalonil adsorption capacity, indicating that wax was the main site for chlorothalonil adsorption. Through wax analysis and molecular docking, hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid were considered as the major contributors, primarily engaging in hydrophobic interactions with chlorothalonil. Furthermore, gradual fluorescence quenching of chlorothalonil was observed with increasing concentrations of these acids (both below saturation concentrations, r = 0.99), confirming the intermolecular interaction between chlorothalonil and these acids. CONCLUSION The study clarified the residue behavior in fruit cuticles and the interaction between pesticides and cuticular wax. The findings provide important insights for optimizing pesticide application strategies to reduce pesticide residues in fruits and improve pest management efficiency. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
研究领域:
环境科学
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农业化学
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植物生理学
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分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CELLULOSE
·
2019
·Vol. 26
·期 9
·5529-5541
·
IF 3.917
Mo Wenxuan,Li Bo,Li Yaping,Li Yue,Wu Shubin
Abstract This study analyzed the hornification properties of the old newsprint fiber and its effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis and investigated the strategy for improving the hydrolysis efficiency. The results showed both of heating and vacuum can dry the fibers and cause hornification, which resulted in a significant decrease in the pore volume and the enzymatic saccharification efficiencies. A good linear relationship was presented between the enzymatic digestibility and the pore volume of the drying-induced hornified fibers from the two drying methods. The high content of lignin in this kind of hornified fiber aggravated the inhibition of hornification on the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose through physical barriers blocking cellulase to contact the partial surface of hornified cellulose. Moreover, the strategy of using surfactants to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis was preliminarily explored. The results showed that enzymatic saccharification of the hornified lignin-containing fiber was significantly improved after the addition of surfactants. The increase in glucose yield reached the maximum value of 7.15 g/L after adding PEG 8000. Anionic surfactants exhibited the similar effects but weaker than the non-ionic ones. And the most effective time of the surfactants applied to hornified fibers was postponed from 6 to 12 h as the fiber hornification degree increased. This study provides a meaningful complement for the research work of enzymatic hydrolysis of recycled fiber. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
生物技术
·
制浆造纸工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）