Insects
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2023
·Vol. 14
·期 9
·736
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IF 3
Kaiyuan Huang,Haibo He,Shan Wang,Min Zhang,Xuewei Chen,Zhongyuan Deng,Xinzhi Ni,Xianchun Li
Simple SummaryThe widespread cultivation of genetically engineered crops producing not only toxic proteins from the bacteriumBacillus thringiensis(Bt) but also plant defensive compounds known as allelochemicals, combined with occasional use of insecticides, is the major tactic to manage some economically important pests. Better understanding of the toxicological interactions of the three types of toxins is needed to rationally deploy them to protect crops from pests. The aim of this study is to examine the sequential and simultaneous interactions of the allelochemical flavone, Bt toxin Vip3A, and insecticide emamectin benzoate in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), a worldwide target pest of Bt crops. Bioassays ofS. frugiperdaneonates revealed that all interactions of the three toxins, except for 1-day pre-exposure to a sublethal dose (LC5) of flavone followed by 6-day simultaneous exposure to flavone LC5+ emamectin benzoate LC50, are synergistic or additive. The results suggest that the combined use of the three toxins is basically a great strategy to manageS. frugiperda.AbstractTarget pests of genetically engineered crops producing both defensive allelochemicals andBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) toxins often sequentially or simultaneously uptake allelochemicals, Bt toxins, and/or insecticides. How the three types of toxins interact to kill pests remains underexplored. Here we investigated the interactions of Bt toxin Vip3A, plant allelochemical flavone, and insecticide emamectin benzoate inSpodoptera frugiperda. Simultaneous administration of flavone LC25+ Vip3A LC25, emamectin benzoate LC25+ Vip3A LC25, and flavone LC15+ emamectin benzoate LC15+ Vip3A LC15but not flavone LC25+ emamectin LC25yielded a mortality significantly higher than their expected additive mortality (EAM). One-day pre-exposure to one toxin at LC5followed by six-day exposure to the same toxin at LC5plus another toxin at LC50showed that the mortality of flavone LC5+ Vip3A LC50, emamectin benzoate LC5+ Vip3A LC50, and Vip3A LC5+ emamectin benzoate LC50were significantly higher than their EAM, while that of flavone LC5+ emamectin benzoate LC50was significantly lower than their EAM. No significant difference existed among the mortalities of Vip3A LC5+ flavone LC50, emamectin benzoate LC5+ flavone LC50, and their EAMs. The results suggest that the interactions of the three toxins are largely synergistic (inductive) or additive, depending on their combinations and doses.Keywords:allelochemical;Bt toxin;chemical insecticide;combined toxicity;induced toxicity;synergistic interactions
研究领域:
昆虫学
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植物科学
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毒理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Sciences
·
2022
·
IF 6.796
Fang Ai,Xuedi Huang,Yalan Wu,Chen Ji,Yufang Gao,Ting Yu,Fujie Yan
Copper (Cu) is a kind of micronutrient element that is essential for human metabolism. However, it is also considered as an environmental pollutant which is toxic to organisms at a high concentration level. Probiotics , regarded as beneficial microorganisms for promoting human health, have functions of antioxidant capacity, immune-enhancing properties, intestinal barrier protection and regulation. Several studies have reported that probiotics show positive effects on alleviating and intervening heavy metals toxicity. However, evidence for relieving copper-induced toxicity by probiotics is still limited. In this study, we firstly conducted a zebrafish larvae model to screen out microorganisms which are helpful for CuSO 4 toxicity resistance and one novel strain named as Bacillus coagulans XY2 was discovered with the best protective activity. B. coagulans XY2 significantly reduced the mortality of zebrafish larvae exposed to 10 µmol/L CuSO 4 for 96 hr, as well as alleviated the neutrophils infiltration in the larvae lateral line under a 2 hr exposure. B. coagulans XY2 exhibited a high in vitro antioxidant activity and against CuSO 4 -induced oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae by up-regulating sod1, gstp1 and cat gene transcriptional levels and relevant enzymatic activities. CuSO 4 stimulated the inflammation process resulting in obvious increases of gene il-1β and il-10 transcription, which were suppressed by B. coagulans XY2 intervention. Overall, our results underline the bio-function of B. coagulans XY2 on protecting zebrafish larvae from copper toxicity, suggesting the potential application values of probiotics in copper toxicity alleviation on human and the environment.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
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微生物学
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水生生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2021
·
IF 7.963
Jiaolong Huang,Peng Duan,Ling Tong,Weicheng Zhang
In this study, the influences of polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs) on the volatilization, photodegradation and photoinduced toxicities of anthracene and pyrene were determined in freshwater and artificial seawater. The PS MPs reduced the volatilization of anthracene and pyrene, and the volatilization reduction was highly dependent on the PS MPs sizes and concentrations. The PS MPs increased the photodegradation kinetics ( k p ) of anthracene by promoting 1 O 2 generation and altered the photodegradation pathways through OH attack of the photodegradation byproducts. However, the k p of pyrene was decreased by PS MPs suppressing the transfer of electrons from excited pyrene to oxygen. The PS MPs modified the pathways of pyrene photodegradation via OH attack of the photodegradation byproducts. Due to light shielding by DOM and/or PS MPs aggregates in seawater, the modification of the photodegradation pathways of anthracene and pyrene by PS MPs was hardly happened in seawater compared with in freshwater. By changing the concentrations of anthracene or pyrene and their photodegradation byproducts, the PS MPs greatly affected the photoinduced toxicities of anthracene and pyrene to Selenastrum capricornutum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum . The influences of PS MPs on the volatilization, photodegradation and photoinduced toxicity of anthracene and pyrene are important and should be carefully considered during environmental risk assessments of anthracene and pyrene.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学
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毒理学
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水生生态学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Environmental Science-Nano
·
2022
·Vol. 9
·期 9
·3525-3537
·
IF 9.473
Manman Cao,Fei Wang,Beihai Zhou,Huilun Chen,Rongfang Yuan,Shuai Ma,Huanhuan Geng,Baoshan Xing
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have little impact on organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations. However, AgNPs coexisting with photoactive minerals may show an elevated combined ecotoxicity due to the additional photoinduced cytotoxicity caused by the Ag loading, which increases the photocatalytic activity. Herein, key pathway perturbations in the algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) under exposure to AgNPs, hematite nanoparticles (HemNPs), and their mixtures (direct exposure (MX1) and exposure after interaction (MX2)) were explored under illumination using transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. The results showed that the MX2 group exhibited the strongest C. pyrenoidosa growth inhibition. The AgNPs, HemNPs, MX1 and MX2 groups significantly triggered ROS production in algal cells, which increased by 11.05%, 5.54%, 4.79% and 13.58%, respectively. Notably, the cell membrane was obviously damaged only in the MX2 group. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that metabolic pathways, such as starch and sucrose metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism, were significantly altered. To examine the internal mechanisms behind these differences in genes and metabolites, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and photocurrent response measurements were used to determine the photochemical properties of the four systems. AgNPs attachment enhanced the photoelectric properties of the AgNPs/HemNPs composite (MX2), improving the photoinduced electron–hole pair separation efficiency and charge separation efficiency. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results also showed that the MX2 system yielded the highest amount of free radicals. Free radicals caused photoinduced cytotoxicity in algae, leading to aggravated toxicity of AgNPs to C. pyrenoidosa in the presence of HemNPs.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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微生物学
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生物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）