Gege Sun,Lingling Lei,Huanle Chen,Bin Li,YanPing Cao,Yan Li
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-stabilized emulsions were produced and their structure was further modified by altering the oil (glycerol monolaurate, GML) and aqueous (whey protein concentrate, WPC) phases. Then, the encapsulation and release of nobiletin were evaluated. HPMC (3%) could efficiently stabilize the oil droplets with a particle size around 370 nm. When HPMC was the emulsifier, the stabilization time of nobiletin in the emulsion was prolonged, but its encapsulation amount was still maintained around 4.5 mg g−1. Nobiletin crystals were found to adsorb on the interface of oil droplets. The addition of GML and WPC changed the microstructure of HPMC-stabilized emulsions. Both of them enhanced the encapsulation efficiency and storage stability of nobiletin. Nobiletin crystals became softer and shorter. After modification, nobiletin was stable for one week at a level of 7.5 mg g−1. The bioaccessibility of nobiletin was modulated in the presence of GML and WPC. The results demonstrate that the structure of emulsion-based delivery systems affects the encapsulation and delivery of hydrophobic components.
Yan Hu,Qiao Shu,Fei Liu,Lingling Lei,Bin Li,Yanping Cao,Yan Li
Due to the high crystallization, nobiletin was encapsulated by Ca 2+ -induced whey protein concentrate (WPC)-stabilized emulgels. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was used to regulate the interfacial properties of emulsions and viscoelasticity of emulgels. The formation of nobiletin crystals were monitored in emulgels and after digestion. Micro-rheometer was used to characterize the viscoelasticity of emulgels. Bioaccessibility of nobiletin was determined by an in vitro digestion model. Ca 2+ crosslinking increased the particle size of WPC-stabilized emulsion, while HPMC/WPC-stabilized emulsions kept smaller particle size. WPC-stabilized emulgels were more apt to syneresis, which could be prevented in the presence of HPMC. Nobiletin crystallization process in emulgels was delayed by HPMC. In the gelation process, HPMC addition increased the viscosity, but decreased the elasticity of emulgels. HPMC interrupted the crosslinking process of WPC and Ca 2+ . After destruction, emulgels had lower viscosity and elasticity, which became lower in the presence of HPMC. The fluctuation of mean square displacement profiles could indicate the formation of nobiletin crystals, which reduced the viscosity and elasticity of emulgels. HPMC increased the bioaccessibility of nobiletin. Higher Ca 2+ concentration was undesirable to enhance the nobiletin bioaccessibility, depending on the structure of emulgels.
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