JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2019
·
IF 3.571
Shanshan Wang,Kai Ye,Tong Shu,Xiuwen Tang,Xiu Jun Wang,Songbai Liu
In this study, incorporation of gallic acid into typical phytosterols (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol) through Steglich esterification was optimized employing the protection and deprotection strategy. A novel mechanism leading to side esterification was discovered. Complication of the phenolic hydroxyl groups and side reactions were successfully reduced under the optimized conditions. The structural identity and purity of galloyl stigmasterol and galloyl β-sitosterol were confirmed by NMR, FT-IR, and HPLC-MS. Evaluation of galloyl β-sitosterol and galloyl stigmasterol revealed their excellent antioxidant and cholesterol-reducing activities. Significant enhancement of cholesterol-reducing activity by galloylation was unveiled especially for β-sitosterol. Galloyl β-sitosterol had slightly better antioxidant activity at ambient temperature and better cholesterol-reducing activity. Molecular modeling suggested that a subtle difference of galloyl β-sitosterol and galloyl stigmasterol in activities could be attributed to variation of molecular rigidity and conformation. The excellent properties of galloyl β-sitosterol and galloyl stigmasterol suggested their great potential application in the food industry.
研究领域:
有机化学
·
药学
·
食品科学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2016
·Vol. 64
·期 6
·843-850
·
IF 1.429
Jianbin Ye,Zhan Zhang,Ji Yan,Hui Hao,Xiangzhen Liu,Zongcan Yang,Ke Ma,Xuepeng Yang,Duobin Mao,Hao Zhou
Phytosterols have been demonstrated to be precursors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) formed during biomass pyrolysis. Here, a novel Paenibacillus sp. was evaluated for its ability to degrade phytosterols in tobacco waste extract (TWE). The optimal conditions for cell growth and stigmasterol (a representative of phytosterols) degradation were 37 °C, pH 7.0, 1.0 g/L yeast extract, and 6.0 g/L glucose. Paenibacillus sp. could degrade stigmasterol under high concentrations of glucose (up to 130 g/L) and tolerate wide pH (5.0–9.0) and temperature (25–42 °C) ranges. The new strain could degrade stigmasterol completely into CO 2 and H 2 O, and no intermediate steroids were detected during the degradation process. Phytosterol degradation in TWE was demonstrated by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Under optimal conditions (37 °C, pH 7.0, with the exponential-phase cells), the total degradation ratio of phytosterols reached 38.5% in TWE, including 45.2% of stigmasterol, 37.4% of β-sitosterol, 27.3% of campesterol, and 28.7% of cholesterol. These results showed that Paenibacillus sp. is a candidate for phytosterol degradation in TWE and other biomass and is potentially useful in reducing the PAHs generated from biomass pyrolysis.
研究领域:
环境微生物学
·
生物降解
·
生物质处理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 3.665
Xiao Meng,Guo-Yi Tang,Cai-Ning Zhao,Qing Liu,Xiao-Yu Xu,Shi-Yu Cao
BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a worldwide health problem, and natural products have been shown to improve ALD due to their antioxidant activities. Some parts of Hovenia dulcis ( H. dulcis ), such as roots, peduncles, and stems, provide health benefits. Nevertheless, the effects and mechanisms of H. dulcis seeds on ALD have not yet been fully elucidated. AIM To determine H. dulcis antioxidant activity, evaluate its effects against ALD, and investigate the related mechanisms via network pharmacology. METHODS The antioxidant activity of H. dulcis seed was determined by both ferric-reducing antioxidant power and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetry, respectively, and polysaccharide was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method. The effects of H. dulcis seeds against alcoholic liver injury were investigated in mice with water extract pretreatment for 7 days followed by alcohol administration. Moreover, the mechanisms of action were explored with network pharmacology. RESULTS The results showed that H. dulcis seeds possessed strong antioxidant activity (245.11 ± 10.17 μmol Fe 2+ /g by ferric-reducing antioxidant power and 284.35 ± 23.57 μmol TE/g by trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) and contained remarkable phenols and flavonoids, as well as a few polysaccharides. H. dulcis seeds attenuated alcohol-induced oxidative liver injury, showing reduced serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and triglyceride, elevated hepatic glutathione, increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and reduced malondialdehyde and hepatic triglyceride. The results of network pharmacology analysis indicated that kaempferol, stigmasterol, and naringenin were the main bioactive compounds in H. dulcis seeds and that modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, gut-derived products, and apoptosis were underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of H. dulcis seeds on ALD. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that H. dulcis seeds could be a good natural antioxidant source with protective effects on oxidative diseases such as ALD.
研究领域:
药理学
·
肝病学
·
天然产物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS
·
2024
·Vol. 60
·期 1
·92-97
·
IF 0.8
Wang Yong,Wang Wei,Liu Cong-Jun,Gao Song,Xiong Yong-Ge,Gao Tian-Zeng,Li Wei-Shi,Li Jing-Jing
Eight new stigmasterol derivatives possessing 1,2,3-triazoles moiety were synthesized by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. All the compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, and HR-MS. In addition, human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), human gastric cancer cells (HGC-27), and human renal epithelial cells (HEK-293T) were selected to study the antitumor activity of the synthesized compounds. The results demonstrated that compounds 3c and 3d exhibited better inhibitory activity against the tested tumor cell lines. The IC 50 value of the inhibitory activity on HeLa was 52.3 μmol·L –1 and 31.4 μmol·L –1 , and 40.6 μmol·L –1 and 44.6 μmol·L –1 for HGC-27, respectively.
研究领域:
有机合成
·
药物化学
·
药理学
·
癌症研究
·
细胞生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Zixing Chen,Chi Ho Jacky Chau,Andrew Erickson,Huafang Ding,Shouhe Huang,Wen-Sen He,Hanyue Zhu,Zhen-Yu Chen
Phytosterols have long been used to prevent hypercholesterolemia-related diseases, although their effects on intestinal cholesterol metabolism remain elusive. This study applied comparative proteomics to investigate the effects of various sterols on proteomic changes in differentiated Caco-2 cells. A total of 206, 231, 180, and 197 differentially expressed proteins were identified following treatment with cholesterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that phytosterols significantly altered the proteome of Caco-2 cells, though their effect on cholesterol transport protein expression was negligible. Notably, while phytosterols did not regulate the expression of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), β-sitosterol and stigmasterol significantly lowered the level of cholesterol oleate in Caco-2 cells by 57.1 ± 0.8% and 51.4 ± 3.9%, respectively, demonstrating that they inhibited ACAT2-catalyzed cholesteryl esterification activity. In view of the fact that cholesterol needs to be converted to cholesteryl esters before incorporation into chylomicrons, it was concluded that phytosterols primarily reduce intestinal cholesterol absorption by inhibiting ACAT2 enzyme activity rather than its gene expression. This study provides new insights into the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis by phytosterols in the small intestine.
研究领域:
营养生物化学
·
分子生物学
·
细胞生物学
·
脂质代谢
·
药理学
·
蛋白质组学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 6.056
Fanfan Song,Jingnan Chen,Aoze Zheng,Shaojun Tian
The differences in sterol chemical structures influenced the membrane characteristics of liposomes, especially the physicochemical changes during storage. Therefore, the effects of sterols (cholesterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol) on membrane characteristics were investigated and compared with liposomes without sterols. The incorporation of sterols increased the particle size of liposomes. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that sterols improved the rigidity and decreased the deformability of membranes. Cholesterol produced a more condensing effect on membranes, whereas stigmasterol reduced the effectiveness of lipid packing as shown by Raman spectroscopy. The addition of sterols provided good vesicle size stability during storage. Fluorescence probe analysis demonstrated decreased membrane hydrophobicity and micropolarity with prolonged storage. Phospholipid hydrolysis and oxidation played a major role in regulating membrane characteristics. Among the three sterols, β-sitosterol was the most effective for the inhibition of hydrolysis and oxidation.
研究领域:
药剂学
·
生物物理学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
·
2023
·
IF 7.2
Waimei Si,Xin Li,Bei Jing,Shiquan Chang,Yachun Zheng,Zhenni Chen,Guoping Zhao,Di Zhang
(Switching from the microglial M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype is a promising therapeutic strategy for neuropathic pain (NP). This study aimed to investigate the potential use of stigmasterol for treating NP. In animal experiments, 32 male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, chronic constriction injury (CCI) group, CCI + ibuprofen group, and CCI + stigmasterol group. We performed behavioral tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hematoxylin-esoin staining (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. In cell experiments, we performed flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR. Stigmasterol reduced thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and serum IL-1β and IL-8 levels and increased serum IL-4 and TGF-β levels in CCI rats. Stigmasterol reduced IL-1β, COX-2, and TLR4 expression in the right sciatic nerve and IL-1β expression in the spinal cord. Stigmasterol reduced the expression of Iba-1, TLR4, MyD88, pNF-κB, pP38 MAPK, pJNK, pERK, COX-2, IL-1β, and CD32 in the spinal cord of CCI rats while increasing the expression of IL-10 and CD206. Stigmasterol decreased M1 polarization markers and increased M2 polarization markers in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia and decreased the expression of Iba-1, TLR4, MyD88, pNF-κB, pP38 MAPK, pJNK, pERK, iNOS, COX-2, and IL-1β in LPS-treated microglia while increasing the expression of Arg-1 and IL-10. Stigmasterol regulates microglial M1/M2 polarization via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway to alleviate NP.
研究领域:
药理学
·
神经科学
·
免疫学
·
疼痛研究
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 5.4
Honghua Zhang,Yunting Sun,Yuqing Zou,Cheng Chen,Shuling Wang
Ethnopharmacological relevance Banxia baizhu tianma decoction (BBTD) originated from the Qing Dynasty Chinese medicine book “Medical Xinwu”, which has a clinical application history of more than 300 years. It's a classic prescription for expelling phlegm, extinguishing wind, strengthening the spleen (traditional Chinese medicine, ie, TCM, refers to the spleen channel) and dissipating excessive fluid based on TCM theory. BBTD is particularly effective in the treatment of excessive phlegm-dampness hypertension. However, the precise pharmacological effect of each herb of BBTD on hypertension treatment is not yet fully understood. Aim of the study To investigate the pharmacological effects of each herb in BBTD on hypertension treatment and to explore the mechanisms behind them. Materials and methods A high-fat-diet fed animal model was developed to evaluate the efficacy of different groups of drugs in BBTD for the treatment of hypertension. Untargeted metabolism was used to detect the metabolic changes after modeling and drug intervention. Then, Stigmasterol (STI) and gastrodin (GAS), major components of Pinellia Ternate Makino and Gastrodia elata Blume, were selected for treatment on HepG2 cell steatosis model. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect changes of corresponding gene and protein after drug intervention to explore the exam anti-hyperlipidemia mechanism of STI and GAS combination. Results The weight gain, elevated blood pressure and increased blood lipids induced by high-fat-diet were significantly decreased ( p < 0.05) after each prescription medicine intervention in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, 28 differential metabolites (DMs) were detected after modeling and were regulated to normal at varying degrees after each drug group treatment. In addition, eight of the 28 DMs were significantly different from the model group after the full prescription drug intervention, primarily related to four metabolic pathways, while only two metabolites were significantly different from the model group after the unprincipled drug intervention, related to one metabolic pathway. In HepG2 hyperlipidemia cell model, STI, GAS and their combination significantly decreased TC , TG levels and lipid accumulation ( p < 0.05), and decreased sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) and their protein expressions ( p < 0.05), increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and it's protein expression ( p < 0.05). The two drugs work better in combination than alone. Conclusion BBTD has been shown to be effective in reducing lipid accumulation in a high-fat rat model, as well as in restoring the model-induced abnormal metabolites to normal levels in a dose-dependent manner. Pinellia ternata Makino and Gastrodia elata Blume, the main components of BBTD, may regulate lipid metabolism through fatty acid biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism. Their main active agents, STI and GAS, effectively reduce lipid accumulation and lipid content in cells and regulate the expression levels of genes and proteins associated with lipid metabolism. These results suggest that BBTD may regulate lipid metabolism via AMPK/SREBP-1c pathway.
研究领域:
药理学
·
中医
·
代谢组学
·
细胞生物学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 1.6
Dongyu Gu,Chen Fang,Jing Liu,Zhongai Jiang,Gang Li,Minjing Li,Min Zhang,Yun Huang
Salicornia europaea L. is an economic plant which can grow in saline-alkali land, beach and other heavy saline soil . In this study, the inhibitory activities of S. europaea extracts against tumor cell growth including human non-small cell lung cancer cell A549 , human liver cancer cell HepG2, and brain glioma cell U251 were screened. The results showed that the ethanol extract of S. europaea had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of A549 cells, and the inhibition of tumor cells showed time-dose relationship. Moreover, the ethanol extract of S. europaea was extracted and fractionated with different organic solvents and the activity results indicated that the petroleum ether fraction with IC 50 of 96.5 μg mL −1 possessed the best activity against A549 cells. Then seven compounds, including 30-norhederagenin ( 1 ), 24-methylenecycoartanol ( 2 ), pheophorbide A ( 3 ), stigmasterol ( 4 ), β -sitosterol ( 5 ), α-spinasterol ( 6 ), phytol ( 7 ) were isolated and identified from the petroleum ether fraction of S. europaea . Besides, the oil obtained from the petroleum ether fraction was analyzed by GC-MS, and fourteen compounds were identified. The compounds identified from the petroleum ether fraction mainly consisted of triterpenes , sterols, fatty acids, and their lipids .
研究领域:
药理学
·
植物科学
·
癌症研究
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 5.7
Mi-Zhuan Li,Gong-Ji Chen,Lei Wang,Shi-Mei Liu,Jia-Yin Yu,Hao Wen,Zhong-Xiu Chen
A novel amphiphilic guanidyl-functionalized stigmasterol hydrochloride (GFSH) was designed and synthesized as bile salt sequestrants for cholesterol reduction. GFSH exhibited a considerable in vitro capacity for bile salt binding in gastrointestinal digestion and alleviated hypercholesterolemia in vivo. GFSH spontaneously interacted with sodium cholate via synergistic electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen-bonding interactions. The effects of GFSH on serum cholesterol reduction in mice fed a high-fat–high-cholesterol diet were explored by measuring the expression of key transcription factors related to bile acid metabolism. GFSH produced a dose-dependent reduction in weight gain, hepatic fat accumulation, and fecal and blood markers. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analyses demonstrated GFSH-induced expression of hepatic CYP7A, LXRα, and LDL-R. GFSH exerts the cholesterol-lowering activity by inducing the bile acid metabolism.
研究领域:
药理学
·
生物化学
·
分子生物学
·
营养学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PHYTOMEDICINE
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Maoxing Pan,Yuanjun Deng,Yebei Qiu,Dajin Pi,Chuiyang Zheng,Zheng Liang,Jianwei Zhen,Wen Fan,Qingliang Song,Jinyue Pan,Yuanyou Li,Haizhen Yan,Qinhe Yang,Yupei Zhang
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a burgeoning health problem worldwide, but no specific drug has been approved for its treatment. Shenling Baizhu powder (SL) is extensively used to treat NAFLD in Chinese clinical practice. However, the therapeutic components and pharmacological mechanisms of SL against NAFLD have not been thoroughly investigated. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological impact and molecular mechanism of SL on NAFLD. Methods First, we established an animal model of NAFLD by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of SL on NAFLD by physiological, biochemical, pathological, and body composition analysis. Next, the effect of SL on autophagic flow in NAFLD rats was evaluated by ultrastructure, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. Moreover, an integrated strategy of targeted energy metabolomics and network pharmacology was performed to characterize autophagy-related genes and explore the synergistic effects of SL active compounds. UPLC-MS/MS, molecular docking combined with in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to verify the key compounds and genes. Finally, a network was established among SL-herb-compound-genes-energy metabolites-NAFLD, which explains the complicated regulating mechanism of SL on NAFLD. Results We discovered that SL decreased hepatic lipid accumulation, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance, and improved systemic metabolic disorders and pathological abnormalities. Subsequently, an integrated strategy of targeted energy metabolomics and network pharmacology identified quercetin, ellagic acid, kaempferol, formononetin, stigmasterol, isorhamnetin and luteolin as key compounds; catalase (CAT), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT), nitric oxide synthase 3 (eNOS), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) were identified as key genes; while nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and succinate emerged as key energy metabolites. Mechanistically, we revealed that SL may exert its anti-NAFLD effect by inducing autophagy activation and forming a comprehensive regulatory network involving key compounds, key genes, and key energy metabolites, ultimately alleviating oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusion Our study demonstrated the therapeutic effect of SL in NAFLD models, and establishes a basis for the development of potential products from SL plant materials for the treatment of NAFLD.
研究领域:
药理学
·
分子生物学
·
代谢组学
·
营养学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Lei Tang,Yinan Feng,Yifei Bian,Zhixiong Sun,Qiaoce Ding,Dongying Chen,Jian-Rong Wang,Xuefeng Mei
Phytosterols are a class of natural steroids found in various plants. Commercially available phytosterols (PS) are primarily extracted from the deodorized distillate of soybean oil and consist predominantly of β-sitosterol with smaller amounts of stigmasterol and campesterol. Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated the significant lipid-lowering activity of PS. However, the application of PS is limited due to their low oral bioavailability. To enhance the water solubility and in turn the absorption of PS at the molecular level, microcapsule-like cocrystals were designed using bile acids via hydrogen bonding. As expected, four microcapsule-like cocrystals were successfully prepared: β-sitosterol with cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and PS with CA and CDCA. The cocrystal of PS with CA (PS–CA) was selected for further investigation, and the results demonstrated that PS–CA exhibited significantly enhanced solubility in vitro and markedly improved oral bioavailability in vivo. Specifically, the AUC1–24 h of PS–CA was 6 times that of PS, while the Cmax was 4 times. Moreover, as a result of the improved bioavailability of PS, PS–CA showed superior lipid-lowering activity.
研究领域:
药剂学
·
药物化学
·
分子药理学
·
生物药剂学
·
药物代谢
·
纳米医学
·
天然产物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）