CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Guozhang Gu,Huaiyang Cai,Yutao Wang,Chen Tang,Guoxiang Zou,Jinchun Li,Rong Yang
Achieving both super toughness and flame retardancy in polylactic acid (PLA) materials hinges on resolving the interface compatibility issues between flame retardants, toughening agents, and PLA, as well as overcoming potential antagonisms between these components. Here, we present an approach employing hyperbranched structures to simultaneously enhance the toughness and flame retardancy of PLA materials. Our strategy involved the reactive blending of PLA with a quaternary bio-based phosphorus-containing copolyester (PPE) featuring side hydroxyl groups and hexamethylene glycidyl cyclotriphosphazene (HGCP). The multi-epoxy groups of HGCP reacted with the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups present in PPE and PLA, resulting in the formation of hyperbranched PLA-PPE copolymers. The hyperbranched copolymers provided great interfacial compatibilization and low viscosity, synergistically promoting the melt-dripping flame-retardant mechanism facilitated by PPE, aiding in the rapid removal of heat and combustible material from the pyrolysis zone. Consequently, the PLA/PPE/HGCP blends exhibited super toughness, achieving a maximum notched impact strength of 70.2 kJ/m 2 . Additionally, the blends demonstrated a 27 % LOI and can pass the UL-94 V-0 rating. Moreover, all the blends are biodegradable in a Proteinase K solution. This research underscores the efficacy of utilizing hyperbranched structures as a promising strategy for the development of PLA materials with simultaneous enhancement of processability, toughness, and flame retardancy.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 3.9
Lu Pengpeng,Xu Jingyang,Liu Shuyan,Fu Lili,Wu Shengxian,Liu Ze,Hou Tu,Liu He,Huang Dongyan
The application of flexible hydrogel sensors in extreme environments, such as low temperatures, underwater, or significant mechanical deformations, poses considerable challenges. Here, we present a simple one-pot method to fabricate ultra-tough, swelling- and freezing-resistant conductive organohydrogels without external conductive and freeze-resistant fillers. During gelation, by-products (C 6 H 15 NHCl, KCl) provide both conductivity and antifreeze properties, thus eliminating compatibility issues and dispersion challenges associated with external fillers. The resulting gel exhibits super toughness, with tensile strength reaching 10.2 MPa and stretchability up to 800% in the dry state. Following covalent crosslinking, the gel demonstrates excellent anti-swelling properties, with a swelling ratio of only 15.4% after 24 h of water immersion, while maintaining a tensile strength of 5.8 MPa and an elongation of up to 1000%. When fabricated into flexible sensors, these gels display stable electrical responsiveness and desired Gauge Factor (0.58–2.25), effectively detecting limb movements. Furthermore, the gel’s superior resistance to freezing and swelling ensures reliable signal stability under both − 20 °C and underwater conditions. These combined properties render the conductive gel a promising candidate for flexible sensing components in robotic and bionic applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Soft Matter
·
2017
·Vol. 13
·期 7
·1357-1363
·
IF 3.889
Jiliang Hou,Xiuyan Ren,Shuang Guan,Lijie Duan,Guang Hui Gao,Yu Kuai,Huixuan Zhang
In this study, a novel strategy was designed to prepare rapidly recoverable, anti-fatigue, super-tough double-network hydrogels by introducing macromolecular microspheres (MMs) as cross-linking centers for hydrophobic associations. MMs were prepared via emulsion polymerization using butyl acrylate (BA) as a main component and dicyclopentyl acrylate (DCPA) as a cross-linker. Then, a double-network (DN) hydrogel was prepared using gelatin as the first network and a copolymer of acrylamide and hexadecyl methacrylate stabilized by MMs as the second network. As a result, the DN hydrogels that were toughened by MMs exhibited an excellent fracture strength of 1.48 MPa and a fracture strain of 2100%. Moreover, the hydrogels exhibited rapid recoverability and fatigue resistance. Therefore, the strategy would open up a novel avenue for the toughening of DN hydrogels for biomedical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Science China-Materials
·
2023
·Vol. 66
·期 4
·1539-1550
·
IF 8.1
Zhan Weiqing,Zhang Haoqi,Lyu Xiaolin,Luo Zhong-Zhen,Yu Yan,Zou Zhigang
Ionogels have attracted much attention in recent years because of their good thermal stability, high ionic conductivity, and non-volatility. However, there is a trade-off between the mechanical strength and stretchability of ionogels, which results in unsatisfactory mechanical performance. Herein, strong polymer crystallization and weak ion-dipole interaction are combined to prepare an ultra-tough and super-stretchable ionogel. The crystalline region can dissipate the energy through the stress-induced disaggregation mechanism in the stretching process and toughen the gel, while the reversible formation and dissociation of the ion-dipole interaction between amorphous polymer chains and ionic liquids can provide elasticity for large strain. These ionogels have high toughness, strong tensile strength, large Young’s modulus, and good stretchability. Furthermore, the ionogels also possess other properties like good fatigue resistance, quick self-recovery, high transparency, recyclability, self-healing ability, high ionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical window. This ionogel exhibits great potential in several iontronic devices, such as triboelectric nanogenerators, ionic thermoelectric materials, and strain sensors. This study develops a new method to guide the preparation of high-performance ionogels by combining reversible strong and weak interactions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
离子电子学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.3
Mingming Yu,Mujaheed Halliru Saad,Xiangyu Lin,Fuhao Dong,Xu Fan,Xu Xu,He Liu,Zhanqian Song
Incorporating dynamic covalent bonds into polyurethane (PU) elastomers contributes to exceptional self-healing and recyclable properties. However, further applications are seriously limited due to unsatisfying mechanical characteristics. Herein, a self-healing and ultra-robust nanocomposite elastomer is presented here that consists of polyurethane matrix and cellulose nanocrystals through the synergistic gradient hydrogen bonds and strain-induced reversible crystallization effect. Multiple dynamic hydrogen bonds formed between cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and polyurethane (PHHD) together with the strain-induced reversible crystallized physical network facilitate excellent mechanical properties while maintaining favorable self-healing ability. The introduction of cellulose nanocrystals significantly enhanced the binding energy of the nanocomposite polyurethane elastomer system, exhibiting an increase of 204.32 kJ/mol. Consequently, nanocomposite elastomers display a remarkable tensile strength (up to 50.1 MPa), ultra-high toughness (441.6 MJ/m 3 ), and excellent fracture energy (214.5 kJ/m 2 ) Furthermore, the result found that the introduction of cellulose nanocrystals can reduce the reaction activation energy and obtain nanocomposite elastomers with highly efficient self-healing (93.9 %). The innovative approach is expected to facilitate the development of high-strength, tough, and exceptional self-healing elastomers in academia and industry.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 12
·6286-6298
·
IF 11.9
Xiankun Wu,Haonan Li,Peng Chen,Jiale Zhang,Ming Li,Shujun Zhao,Zhongkai Wang,Zhong Wang
Tough adhesives with exceptional mechanical and adhesion properties under extreme conditions are essential for real application scenarios with extended service life. Nevertheless, these demands are rarely satisfied in most traditional polymeric adhesives, but spider silks have an unparalleled combination of toughness and adhesiveness at ultralow temperatures. Inspired by the spidroin's hierarchical structure and β-sheet nanocrystallites, a super-tough yet supercold-tolerant supramolecular adhesive is reported by incorporating spider-silk-like hierarchical hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) networks and dynamic nanosized physical cross-links into biobased polyamide elastomers. Such a structural design performs its own functions and the conflict among interfacial adhesion capacity, ductility, and low-temperature resistance can be thus overcome. The obtained adhesive possesses a reliable and long-term adhesion performance while maintaining a record-high toughness of 4052.4 N m−1 with favorable rebonding capability even in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C), far exceeding the adhesive toughness of reported polymeric adhesives in such environments. Moreover, high-density H-bonding-induced emission of the amide cluster leads to a strong blue fluorescence in the solid-like elastomer. This concept creates a new opportunity for designing tough elastic adhesives and offers promise for cold-resistant adhesive devices or anti-counterfeiting displays.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物仿生学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MACROMOLECULES
·
2023
·
IF 5.5
Peng Zhang,Lin Chen,Yan Guo,Lei Zhang,Xiu-Li Wang,Yu-Zhong Wang
Inspired by the interpenetrating network of nature leaf-vein, non-composite polymer materials with ultra-robust, lightweight, and fully recyclable properties are synthesized by a “hetero-furan unit”-driven multiscale design. That is, starting from the primary chemical structure at the molecular scale, the furan group is copolymerized in a polymer chain (polyethylene terephthalate, PET). Then, these “hetero-furan units” simultaneously regulate the secondary chain conformation (nano-scale) and the tertiary aggregate structure (micro-scale) of the PET copolymer, thereby driving the spontaneous growth of the “leaf-vein”-mimicking crystal reinforcement phase. Requiring only less than 1% furan units, corresponding copolymer PET-FN1 not only exhibits surprising fourfold increase in toughness (tensile toughness of 346 MJ m–3 and impact strength of 69.8 kJ m–2) and 40% increase in tensile strength (83.6 MPa) but also achieves lower density and easy processing. This demonstrates the super-efficiency of this bioinspired multiscale design regulated by the original chemical structure. Especially, copolymer PET-FN1 can be quickly chemically recovered under mild conditions (80 °C, 4 h) to obtain raw monomers with a purity of 99.8%. This work opens up a new perspective for developing advanced polymer materials with excellent mechanical properties, lightweight, and environmentally friendly recycling, which will greatly benefit the global circular economy and sustainable development.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
仿生学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Matter
·
2025
·
IF 17.5
Yanhua Sang,Weifeng Fang,Kangren Kong,Haihua Pan,Yintian Guo,Xinyu He,Xin Yu,Shaofei Song,Ruikang Tang,Zhaoming Liu
Producing both stiff and tough elastomers is crucial in engineering fields. Although diverse cross-linking strategies have been developed to toughen polymers, the co-enhancement of stiffness and toughness is still a contradiction. Here, we developed inorganic ionic molecular linkers (IMLs) by using stable calcium phosphate oligomer as an example for the bottom-up synthesis of butyl acrylate-acrylic acid-based elastomers; these elastomers showed ultrahigh stiffness and toughness compared to elastomers by other cross-linkers. The molecular-size effect of inorganic ionic molecular linkers allows them to connect multiple polymer chains to enhance stiffness, while simultaneously enabling dynamic interchain cross-linking during deformation to achieve high toughness. Furthermore, these inorganic ionic molecular linkers were readily applicable in other commercial elastomers for their co-enhancement of both stiffness and toughness. This strategy produced an alternative molecular cross-linker by interdisciplinary understanding of inorganic and polymer chemistry, pushing forward both theory and technology for the manufacture of high-performance elastomers.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 16.744
Hailong Yang,Hantian Lu,Yueyue Miao,Yang Cong,Yubin Ke,Jun Wang,Hua Yang,Jun Fu
Non-swelling super-tough polymer hydrogels have great potentials for stable applications in wet conditions. It has been challenging since most polymer hydrogels uptake water from the environment and swell, which deteriorates the mechanical strength and toughness. Here, we present multi-responsive non-swelling polymer hydrogels ( PHFGs ) by using amphiphilic triblock copolymer micelles as non-covalent crosslinkers. Pluronic F127 (or polyethylene oxide- block -polypropylene oxide- block -polyethylene oxide, PEO-PPO-PEO) (F-127) micelles are used as a prototype for the synthesis of micelle-crosslinked poly-(2-hydroxyethylene methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogels, without using any modification of F-127 or other crosslinkers. FT-IR and 1 H NMR studies provide first evidence that F-127 micelles form extensive hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic association with PHEMA chains. The non-covalent crosslinked hydrogels show a high fracture elongation about 460 %, a fracture strength about 240 kPa, and a fracture toughness about 660 kJ/m 3 . Negligible swelling is observed for the polymer hydrogels in aqueous solutions. The hydrogels are self-healable, and responsive to variations in pH or water content to change volume, shape, and transparency. Such multiple-responsive polymer hydrogels are utilized as smart switches and shape memory materials that are actuated by environmental stimuli in a controllable manner.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
智能材料
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2020
·
IF 8.758
Yadong Yu,Kangren Kong,Zhao Mu,Yueqi Zhao,Zhaoming Liu,Ruikang Tang
Inspired by inorganic oligomers and their polymerization, we herein develop a heterogeneous inorganic polymerization tactic that can be used to prepare a muscle-like hybrid hydrogel by inducing the polymerization of calcium phosphate oligomers (CPO) onto a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) molecular chain network. In this heterogeneous process, the CPO units bond with PVA molecules via assistance from sodium alginate (SA), and then gradually polymerize along the organic chains to form ultrafine hydroxyapatite nanolines with a diameter of ∼1 nm. Because of the well integration of organic and inorganic phases from the heterogeneous polymerization, the hierarchical structured hydrogel can exhibit ultratough mechanical properties of ∼17.84 MPa in strength and ∼8.97 kJ m–2 in fracture energy, which exceed natural muscles and almost synthetic hydrogels. Moreover, the damaged hydrogel can be repaired readily by adding the precursors of CPO, PVA, and SA, which can induce in situ re-polymerization. The hydrogel also exhibits muscle-like rotational motion under aqueous conditions, which can be developed into a water-driven biomimetic motor. This study indicates that inorganic polymerization can achieve a novel organic–inorganic integration rather than conventional organic–inorganic composition, and it provides a novel tactic for design and manufacture of advanced materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Advanced Science
·
2023
·Vol. 10
·期 27
·2303315
·
IF 15.1
Zhi Zhao,Yurong Li,Haibin Wang,Yupeng Shan,Xuemei Liu,Mengfei Wu,Xinping Zhang,Xiaoyan Song
Owing to high water content and homogeneous texture, conventional hydrogels hardly reach satisfactory mechanical performance. Tensile-resistant groups and structural heterogeneity are employed to fabricate tough hydrogels. However, those techniques significantly increase the complexity and cost of material synthesis, and have only limited applicability. Here, it is shown that ultra-tough hydrogels can be obtained via a unique hierarchical architecture composed of chemically coupled self-assembly units. The associative energy dissipation among them may be rationally engineered to yield libraries of tough gels with self-healing capability. Tunable tensile strength, fracture strain, and toughness of up to 19.6 MPa, 20 000%, and 135.7 MJ cm⁻ 3 are achieved, all of which exceed the best known records. The results demonstrate a universal strategy to prepare desired ultra-tough hydrogels in predictable and controllable manners.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
高分子科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 141
·期 26
·e55570
·
IF 2.7
Rui Wang,Linlin Wu,Yifeng Gao,Kaixuan Yu,Xiaofeng Ma,Xianli Fang,Ying Fang,Qiang Dou
Deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based eutectogels, known for their superior ionic conductivity, non-volatility, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness, have emerged as promising materials for flexible devices. However, the development of tough and stretchable eutectogels remains a significant challenge. Herein, we introduce a one-step in-situ phase separation strategy to fabricate tough and stretchable P(MAA- co -AAm)/TEAC-EG copolymer eutectogels through random copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and acrylamide (AAm) in a tetraethylammonium chloride-ethylene glycol (TEAC-EG) DES. The poor compatibility of PAAm segments with TEAC-EG DES results in the formation of a polymer-rich phase, leading to energy dissipation during loading. Simultaneously, PMAA segments exhibiting good compatibility with DES, form a solvent-rich phase that distributes stress and facilitates ion migration. The synergy between these two phases imparts ultratoughness and excellent conductivity to the copolymer eutectogel. The resultant copolymer eutectogel exhibits high strength (2.40 MPa), toughness (22.90 MJ m −3 ), and remarkable stretchability of 1340%, while demonstrating excellent self-recovery, self-healing abilities, and adhesive performance. Notably, its ionic conductivity reaches 1.07 mS cm −1 at 20°C, rendering these eutectogels well-suited for applications as strain sensors in human motion detection. This study presents a facile approach to tune eutectogel microstructure and properties, thereby expanding their potential applications in high-performance flexible electronics.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
柔性电子
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）