Zhigang Zhu,Lin Yang,Yongxian Yu,Lijing Zhang,Shengyang Tao
The integration of light-converting media and microflow chemistry renders new opportunities for high-efficient utilization of solar energy to drive chemical reactions. Recently, we proposed a design of fluorescent fluid photochemical microreactor (FFPM) with a separate light channel and reaction channel, which displays excellent advantages in energy efficiency, flexibility, and general use. However, the limitations of the scalability of the microchannel reactor are still a big challenge to be overcome. Herein, we illustrate the scalability of such an FFPM via a 2n numbering-up strategy by 3D printing technology. Channel shape, number, and interchannel spacing have been optimized, and the serpentine FFPM shows the best scalability with an excellent conversion rate and massive throughput. Reactors with up to eight channels have been fabricated and displayed conversions comparable to that obtained in a single-channel reactor, which provides a feasible strategy and an optimized structure model for batch production of fine chemicals.
Qingping Wang,Chris R. Bowen,Rhodri Lewis,Jun Chen,Wen Lei,Haibo Zhang,Ming-Yu Li,Shenglin Jiang
Recently, recycling energy from wasted heat with pyroelectric materials has received significant attention. However, pyroelectric energy harvesters generally suffer from a low energy efficiency due to the low rates of heat transfer. Here, we report high-performance thermal energy harvesting using novel hybrid pyroelectric ceramics with greatly improved heat transfer and rate of temperature changes. This is achieved by evenly dispersing 0.1 wt% hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanosheets into a Pb[(Mn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 1/2 (Mn 1/3 Sb 2/3 ) 1/2 ] 0.04 (Zr 0.95 Ti 0.05 ) 0.96 O 3 (lead magnesium niobate-lead antimony-manganese-lead zirconate titanate : PMN-PMS-PZT) ceramic matrix. Due to the vibrations of whole chain and phonon scattering, heat transfer through the hybrid crystalline chain is more efficient than that of unfilled PMN-PMS-PZT. It is demonstrated that the harvested power was increased by up to 65.6%. This work paved an efficient and cost-effective way to largely improve the traditional pyroelectric ceramic for thermal energy harvesting.
Qianyu Wang,Zhengmin Zhang,Lin Liu,Lu Bai,Rui-Ying Bao,Ming-Bo Yang,Wei Yang
Poly(L-lactide) (PLA)/TiO2/Pt composite fiber membrane with an internal porous channel structure was fabricated by skillfully tuning the breath figure mechanism and vapor-induced phase separation mechanism with solute and solvent matching via one-step electrospinning and applied in photocatalytic hydrogen production for the first time. The unique structure enhances the light absorption ability of the composite fiber and endows it with excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. The hydrogen production efficiency of functional TiO2 particles loaded on the composite was increased 30 times compared with the efficiency of TiO2 particles in the aqueous solution, thus leading to 1.8 times increase in the hydrogen production capability and 5.8 times increase in the quantum efficiency compared with that of the TiO2/Pt control sample. The composite fiber membrane was further assembled into an ultrathin (1.5 mm) and degradable hydrogen energy generator with a high power density of 47 W m−2 and a high UV luminous energy conversion rate of 92.8% under simulated sunlight.
Cell-cycle arrest and polarized growth are commonly used to characterize the response of yeast to pheromone. However, the quantitative decision-making processes underlying time-dependent changes in cell fate remain unclear. In this study, we conducted single-cell level experiments to observe multidimensional responses, uncovering diverse fates of yeast cells. Multiple states are revealed, along with the kinetic switching rates and pathways among them, giving rise to a quantitative landscape of mating response. To quantify the experimentally observed cell fates, we developed a theoretical framework based on non-equilibrium landscape and flux theory. Additionally, we performed stochastic simulations of biochemical reactions to elucidate signal transduction and cell growth. Notably, our experimental findings have provided the first global quantitative evidence of the real-time synchronization between intracellular signaling, physiological growth, and morphological functions. These results validate the proposed underlying mechanism governing the emergence of multiple cell fate states. This study introduces an emerging mechanistic approach to understand non-equilibrium cell fate decision-making in response to pheromone.
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