ENERGY & FUELS
·
2020
·
IF 3.421
Yangyang Xin,Yufeng Hu,Mengchen Li,Kebin Chi,Shang Zhang,Fei Gao,Siqi Jiang,Yichuan Wang,Chunxiao Ren,Guohua Li
Alkylation catalyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is an important process for industrial production of excellent high octane gasoline blending components. This process has some vital drawbacks such as extensive side reactions and high consumption of H2SO4 due to the presence of the most notorious impurities including H2O, acid soluble oil (ASO), and esters. In this study, isobutane alkylation was studied with H2SO4 (275 mL) in a batch reactor at −10 to 0 °C and 0.45 MPa, with the corresponding stirrer speed, feed rate, acid/hydrocarbon volume ratio, and isobutane/isobutylene volume ratio being 3000 rpm, 5.0 mL/min, 1.2, and 14.3, respectively. The effects of the acid strength and composition of acid on the alkylate quality were investigated. The composition of used acid was analyzed. The results show that used acid is mainly composed of roughly 89% free H2SO4, 6% H2O, 2% esters, and 3% ASO. The compounds existing in the ASO extracted from used acid were identified, and their concentrations were quantitatively determined. The results show that the most abundant ASO molecules are five-membered or six-membered cyclic homoannular conjugated olefins such as cyclopentadiene (15.67%) and cyclohexadiene (14.12%). The effects of acid strength, H2O, ASO, and esters on alkylation depend strongly on the concentrations of H2SO4 and these impurities. Therefore, their optimal concentrations were determined to achieve advantageous effects on the alkylation. The results are about 93–95% for H2SO4, 2–4% for H2O, 1.5–2.5% for ASO, and 0.4–1% for esters, beyond which an adverse effect will appear. Under the optimal concentrations, the value of the research octane number, the trimethylpentane (TMP)/dimethylhexane ratio, and the contents of C8 and TMP remained steady at high levels of about 92–93, 5.8–6.3, 68–70, and 58–60%, respectively.
研究领域:
化学工程
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能源科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2019
·
IF 5.128
Lulu Yan,Tingting Duan,Tingting Huang,Bingbing Zhao,Yu Fan
This article proposes a novel strategy for producing highly dispersed H 3 PW 12 O 40 (HPW) on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) via the anchoring action of amino groups originating from 2-amino terephthalic acid (APTA) in the MOF ligand. Under this method, amino groups are introduced into the linker of UiO-66 materials through a one-pot synthesis to disperse supported HPW, which has a negligible impact on the crystal structure of UiO-66. The acidic densities in the HPW/UiO-66 catalysts are effectively modified by adjusting the molar APTA/PTA (terephthalic acid) ratio in the mixed ligand and HPW loading. Consequently, the dispersion and stability of supported HPW are significantly enhanced, which make the as-prepared catalyst with 40 wt% of HPW present superior sec -butyl acetate (SBAC) yield (38.6 wt%) and selectivity (98 wt%) for the direct esterification of olefins. This strategy provides a new approach for preparing supported HPW with high dispersion and stability to be applied in olefin esterification.
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 4.982
Feng Chen,Yuhao Zhang,Yongtao Wang,Liang Zhao,Jinsen Gao,Tianzhen Hao,Chunming Xu
Separation of olefin from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) naphtha is a high way to protect the research octane number (RON) from a loss during hydrodesulfurization . Solvent extraction is a promising way to separate olefin and extract sulfides simultaneously. In order to realize effective separation of olefin from FCC naphtha, this paper focused on the development of a kind of high efficient solvent and optimization of corresponding operation conditions for olefin separation. The results showed the combined solvents consisted of sulfolane (95 v%) and N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone (5 v%) exhibited high separation capability for olefin, and the best solvent to oil ratio was 3:1. Based on the combined solvent and optimal solvent to oil ratio, the best olefin enrichment coefficient could be up to 97.63 indicating lots of olefin enriched in raffinate . The desulfurization efficiency exceeded 90% after 3-stage extraction by the combined solvents, which was close to and even prior to some kinds of ionic liquids . Moreover, the combined solvents exhibited remarkable stability, and variation of desulfurization efficiency of the combined solvents was only around 1% after recycled 8 times. These studies gave a high efficient way to upgrade clean gasoline by separating olefin and enriching sulfides from FCC naphtha.
研究领域:
化学工程
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能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
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2022
·
IF 9.221
Yanhui Zhong,Wanting Huang,Chuang Zhang,Runkun Zhang,Yufei Hu,Xiaohua Xiao,Gongke Li
The addition of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) can increase the octane number of gasoline to improve the combustion efficiency of gasoline. Because of the health effects on the population exposed to MTBE, limiting the addition of MTBE in gasoline will be thefuture development tendency. Here, a cyclic cataluminescence (CCTL) sensor array was utilized to monitor the addition of MTBE in gasoline. CCTL sensor obtained multistage signals ( I n ) on a single catalyst, which realized the function of the sensor array. MTBE trigger-CCTL reaction on 4 kinds of catalysts was investigated. Three brands (No. 92, 95, and 98) of gasoline triggered the CCTL reaction to obtain I n which conforms to the exponential decay equation (EDE). CCTL sensor was used to detect the volume ratio of MTBE to gasoline according to A and τ -values. The I n was applied to normalize and distinguish gasoline through linear discriminate analysis (LDA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The τ -values of gasoline on 4 catalysts generated a digital code to differentiate each gasoline. CCTL virtual sensor arrays own the sensor array function and provide a promising technology for gasoline quality analysis.
研究领域:
化学传感
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering
·
2020
·Vol. 15
·期 5
·1088-1098
·
IF 3.552
Shang Hui,Guo Chong,Ye Pengfei,Zhang Wenhui
Catalytic hydrodesulfurization (HDS) technique is widely used for clean gasoline production. However, traditional HDS catalyst (CoMo/γ-Al 2 O 3 ) exhibits high hydrogenation performance of olefins (HYDO), resulting in the loss of gasoline octane number. To achieve high HDS/HYDO ratio, the key issue is to reduce the interaction between active metals and the support, therefore, in this research, the modified CoMo/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts with various boron amounts were investigated under traditional or microwave heating. The effects of preparing methods as well as boron amounts on the active phase, acidic properties and HDS catalytic activities were examined. Results show that the modification, especially under microwave treatment, can significantly weaken the interaction between the active component and the support by enlarging the surface area and pore diameter, and reducing the acidity of the support. As a result, the stacking numbers of MoS 2 slabs were obviously improved by the modification and microwave treatment, contributing to higher edge/ rim ratio, and resulting in higher HDS performance and selectivity to olefin.
研究领域:
催化化学
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能源化工
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2018
·
IF 5.091
Yuxiang Liu,Yuchao Lyu,Baojie Wang,Yi Wang,Xinmei Liu,Mark J. Rood,Zhen Liu,Zifeng Yan
It is important to develop new promoters of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst to increase iso-paraffin yield and avoid the decrease of research octane number (RON) caused by olefin saturation in gasoline hydrofining. SAPO-11 and LaAPO-11 molecular sieves were used as promoters to FCC catalyst to increase gasoline RON and were tested in the cracking reaction of n-dodecane on FCC conditions. LaAPO-11 molecular sieve has less and weaker acidity than SAPO-11 molecular sieve. LaAPO-11’s metallic sites polarize the C H bonds to form carbenium ions for isomerization reaction and weak acid sites make less contributions to the cracking of iso-paraffin. LaAPO-11 promoter increases the yield of iso-paraffin (C 5-9 ) from 6.4% to 10.2%. Besides that, a high yield of arene (2.0%) is caused by the dehydrogenation activity of LaAPO-11 promoter. The new contributions of this paper are the synthesis of a hydrothermal stable LaAPO-11 molecular sieve with isomerization activity and proposing the reaction routes of iso-paraffin. These new contributions are important for developing more effective RON promoters of FCC catalyst.
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2021
·
IF 6.609
Yuhao Zhang,Mengmeng Liu,Liang Zhao,Suxin Liu,Jinsen Gao,Chunming Xu,Mingzhi Ma,Qingfei Meng
Contradiction between the desulfurization and loss of octane number (ON) for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) naphtha is the long-term problem of clean gasoline production. Moreover, ON loss is substantially aggravated during deep hydrodesulfurization because of the global limited supply of sulfur for gasoline. This paper introduced a novel process for ultra-clean gasoline production that solves the above problem by using a unique separation approach. The components were separated by the coupling of distillation and solvent extraction, which the separation efficiency depends on the relationship between solvent and feedstock components. However, the compositions of FCC naphtha are complicated and always changing due to different processing technologies. Therefore, changes in the material composition must be considered during production. In this study, ternary liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) was explored to investigate the interaction of olefin , sulfide, and sulfolane solvent. A universal quasi-chemical functional group activity coefficient (UNIFAC) group contribution model was selected to predict the product composition when the FCC naphtha was treated by this process. The lack and necessity of group interaction parameters for the prediction were obtained through the regressive calculation of LLE results. A simulation method was established by Aspen Plus, and the reliability was well illustrated. Finally, the high olefin content of FCC naphtha critical components was analyzed by this simulation method. The sulfur and olefin levels of the product were 9.0 mg/kg and 18.6 wt%, respectively. The operation conditions simulated using the proposed technique met the requirements for the latest commercial gasoline worldwide.
研究领域:
化学工程
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能源科学
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环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY
·
2025
·
IF 9.4
Delin Lyu,Xuanjie Cui,Yuanqing Qu,Zhengyang Liu,Xiangning Liu,Zhen Huang,Dong Han
Increasing the compression ratio in spark-ignition (SI) engines improves thermal efficiency but raises knock risk. Knock resistance is measured by Research Octane Number (RON) in Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engines under standard conditions, which differ from modern SI engines. The CFR engine's knock sensor, fitted with a low-pass filter, fails to accurately detect high-frequency knock oscillations, making conventional RON inadequate for assessing knock resistance in modern engines. To address this, the CFR engine was modified by replacing the knock sensor with a cylinder pressure sensor for direct combustion pressure measurement and upgrading the carburetor to electronic fuel injection. Under stoichiometric conditions, the Maximum Amplitude of Pressure Oscillation (MAPO) and Integral of Modulus of the Pressure Oscillation (IMPO) methods were applied to evaluate PRF blends with RONs of 88–100. Strong correlations were observed between the fuels RON and both IMPO and MAPO measurements, with coefficients of determination of 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. This study also analyzed error sources and quantified measurement inaccuracies in both methods, with IMPO showing lower absolute error of RON and variability. To verify the reliability of the IMPO and MAPO methods in evaluating high-octane fuels, particularly those with RON >100, these methods were applied to test TRFs and oxygenated fuel blends with RONs of 94–108. Results showed deviations from conventional measurements; however, for fuels with RON >100, both methods effectively distinguished fuel knock resistance capacity. Additionally, IMPO and MAPO captured the knock resistance improvements for the addition of ethanol and 2-MF in gasoline blends.
研究领域:
机械工程
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汽车工程
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燃料技术
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燃烧分析
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传感器技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2016
·
IF 3.611
Pengcheng Hu,Yadong Wang,Xianghai Meng,Rui Zhang,Haiyan Liu,Chunming Xu,Zhichang Liu
Alkylate is an ideal blending component for motor gasoline. The alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene to produce high-quality alkylate was catalyzed by several amide-AlCl 3 -based ionic liquid (IL) analogues with different structures and CuCl modification. The influences of the amide structure, amide/AlCl 3 molar ratio, and CuCl modification on the catalytic performance were investigated in an autoclave operated in semicontinuous mode. Results showed that the N -methylacetamide-AlCl 3 -based IL analogue (molar ratio of N -methylacetamide to AlCl 3 was 0.75, marked as 0.75NMA-1.0AlCl 3 ) with bidentate coordination and low viscosity was an efficient catalyst for isobutane alkylation. Furthermore, CuCl modification further enhanced the catalytic performance of 0.75NMA-1.0AlCl 3 . The selectivity of C8 increased from 76.18 wt% to 94.65 wt%, in which the molar ratio of trimethylpentanes to dimethylhexanes (TMPs/DMHs ratio) and the research octane number (RON) of alkylate reached up to 14.98 and 98.40, respectively. The effects of reaction conditions on the alkylation performance were investigated in an autoclave operated in batch mode. The results indicated that the alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene catalyzed by CuCl-modified 0.75NMA-1.0AlCl 3 was a short-time and fast reaction. The optimal reaction temperature, reaction time, stirrer speed, and isobutane/2-butene molar ratio were 15 °C, 30 s, 1500 r/min, and 100:1, respectively. Under these optimal reaction conditions, the selectivity of C8, TMPs/DMHs ratio, and RON were 84.10 wt%, 14.86, and 96.54, respectively.
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2022
·
IF 4.326
Qiuying Li,Rui Zhang,Yaxing Li,Xianghai Meng,Haiyan Liu,Xiaowen Wang,Chunming Xu,Haifeng Dong,Qian Su,Xiangping Zhang,Zhichang Liu
Alkylation performance of isobutane with propene catalyzed by composite ionic liquid (CIL) was deeply investigated. Critical components of alkylate were C7 isoparaffins, which were mainly 2,3-dimethylpentane and 2,4-dimethylpentane. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: reaction temperature of 15 °C, reaction time of 5 s, stirring rate of 1500 rpm, IL/HC ratio of 1.0, and I/O ratio of 68. Under these conditions, the yield of C7 isoparaffins was 78.9 wt %, and the research octane number of alkylate was 86.2. The reaction mechanism and pathway of isobutane/propene alkylation were proposed on the basis of component distribution. C7 isoparaffins were mainly from direct alkylation, and C8 isoparaffins were mainly from disproportionation. Compared with traditional concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid catalysts, more direct alkylation and less self-alkylation occurred, and the yield of propane was much lower when CIL was used. It was also proved that propene could be used in the CIL-catalyzed alkylation industrial unit due to the low propane production.
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
AICHE JOURNAL
·
2021
·Vol. 68
·期 4
·e17556
·
IF 3.993
Zhihong Ma,Jialei Sha,Weizhong Zheng,Weizhen Sun,Ling Zhao
To enhance the catalytic performance of H 2 SO 4 -catalyzed alkylation, various catalytic additives have drawn considerable attentions. Herein, the effects of deep eutectic solvent (DES) additives on catalytic performance and the interfacial properties of H 2 SO 4 alkylation were systematically investigated using experimental methods and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Experimental results indicate that DESs with the optimal concentration about 1.0 wt% can efficiently improve C 8 selectivity and research octane number of alkylate, especially at low temperature, but contribute less to the lifetime of H 2 SO 4 . MD results reveal that the phenyl molecules of DESs additives play a major role in enhancing interfacial properties of H 2 SO 4 alkylation, including enlargement of interfacial thickness, promotion of isobutane relative solubility and diffusion to butene, which is probably the main reason for the better quality of alkylate. This work gives a good guideline for the design of novel DESs for H 2 SO 4 alkylation.
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化
·
材料科学
·
计算化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 8.6
Lan li,Jie Sun,Hao Ling,Feng Ju
NiSO4/ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2 adsorbent, as a novel reactive adsorption desulfurization (RADS)adsorbent, has self-sulfidation ability and high desulfurization performance when treating model fuel. However, the RADS performance of the adsorbent under FCC gasoline feedstock is not well understood. Here, we compare the performance of the adsorbent under FCC gasoline with model fuel to test the effect of the hydrocarbon composition of the feedstock. The complex composition of FCC gasoline makes it sensitive to the nickel loading amount of the adsorbent. Under the influence of specific surface area and pore structure, the adsorbent loaded with 3 wt% nickel shows better desulfurization activity when treating FCC gasoline. As hydrocarbons in FCC gasoline compete with sulfur compounds for active Ni sites, the reaction conditions have been tested and optimized to achieve deep desulfurization while maintaining low olefin loss to ensure the octane number of the product. By experimental tests and characterization, it has been proved that NiSx and NiO acted as active Ni sites of the adsorbent. Based on these observations, the mechanism of RADS of FCC gasoline over NiSO4/ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2 adsorbent has been proposed, which provides theoretical support for the development of new adsorbents and the optimization of RADS process.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
·
石油炼制
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）