RSC Advances
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2024
·Vol. 14
·期 13
·9072-9079
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IF 3.9
Ruibin Xue,Gang Gao,Lei Yang,Liangge Xu,Yumin Zhang,Jiaqi Zhu
CuI films present promising optoelectronic properties for transparent conductors. However, the high hole concentration in CuI films hinders the controllable modulation of hole mobility, limiting their application in low-dimensional thin-film transistors. In this study, CuI films were prepared through a Cu film iodination method at room temperature, and a systematic investigation was conducted on the modulation of hole concentration and mobility with varying film thickness. The films exhibited a zinc blende structure (γ-phase) with increasing grain size as the thickness increased. The transmittance and optical bandgap of the films decreased with increasing thickness. The correlation of vacancy concentration with changing film thickness was analyzed through photoluminescence spectroscopy, revealing the influence of grain boundary migration on vacancy formation. The reduction in film thickness diminishes the migration of CuI grain boundaries, consequently reducing the probability of Cu vacancy and I vacancy formation, resulting in diminished hole concentration and enhanced hole mobility and film conductivity. The film with a thickness of 20 nm demonstrated optimal performance, with a transmittance of 90%, hole concentration of 4.09 × 1017 cm−3, hole mobility of 506.50 cm2 V−1 s−1, and conductivity of 33.19 S cm−1. This work deepens the understanding of hole transport such as hole concentration and mobility modulation in CuI films, highlighting the importance of controlling grain boundary migration during the film growth process.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光学
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半导体物理
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Chemistry-An Asian Journal
·
2018
·Vol. 13
·期 7
·846-852
·
IF 3.692
Chengdong Yang,Renren Fang,Xiongfa Yang,Ru Chen,Jianhua Gao,Hanghong Fan,Hongxiang Li,Wenping Hu
Graphical Keeping a balance : Novel conjugated copolymers semiconductor materials were synthesized (see figure), and exhibited balanced hole and electron mobility on account of the carbonyl regulation. It is very important to develop ambipolar field effect transistors to construct complementary circuits. To obtain balanced hole- and electron-transport properties, one of the key issues is to regulate the energy levels of the frontier orbitals of the semiconductor materials by structural tailoring, so that they match well with the electrode Fermi levels. Five conjugated copolymers were synthesized and exhibited low LUMO energy levels and narrow bandgaps on account of the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the carbonyl groups. Polymer thin film transistors were prepared by using a solution method and exhibited high and balanced hole and electron mobility of up to 0.46 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , which suggested that these copolymers are promising ambipolar semiconductor materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2019
·Vol. 28
·期 2
·173-182
·
IF 1.707
Huang Chongxing,Dang Xiujie,Bei Ronghua,Zhao Yuan,Li Cuicui,Chen Qiang,Wang Shuangfei
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is widely used in food packaging, but the processing aids that include materials such as plasticizers and antioxidants may migrate to food, thereby harming the food quality and human health. To develop packaging materials with lesser plasticizer migration and to understand the anti-migration mechanism, a SiO x layer was deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) on a PET substrate to prepare a composite film. The effects of SiO x layers with different thicknesses on blocking the migration of dioctyl phthalate (DEHP, a plasticizer) and Irganox 1010 (an antioxidant) from the PET substrate into the food simulant were investigated at three temperatures. The migration of additives from both pristine and SiO x -coated films increased with an increase in the contact time and temperature. However, compared with the pristine film, the specific migration rates of DEHP can be reduced by up to 88.57% in the 320-nm SiO x /PET composite film, while that of Irganox 1010 can reach 82.61%. For a fixed SiO x layer thickness, the DEHP migration is not greatly affected by temperature, while that of Irganox 1010 migration decreased at higher temperatures. In addition, a 320-nm SiO x layer effectively retarded the transmission of water vapor and oxygen through the composite film to 77.3% and 79.3% lesser than those of the pristine PET film, respectively. The SEM image showed that the surface of the composite film was denser and more uniform than a pristine PET film, which also confirmed that the SiO x layer can block the migration of additives.
研究领域:
材料科学
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食品安全
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DOI
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2022
·
IF 10.753
Zhaoxue Zhang,Yi Lu,Haipu Li,Ya Gao,Zhaoguang Yang
Rice is one of the world's staple foods . Cadmium (Cd) levels in paddy soil are still increasing, and “Cd-contaminated rice” is a frequent occurrence, posing a serious threat to human health. Therefore, Cd contamination in rice is a key issue in agricultural production that needs to be addressed urgently. The Cd accumulation in rice is closely related to other elements. In this study, the impact of nickel (Ni) on the uptake and accumulation of Cd in rice was revealed, and the mechanism was discussed. Statistical analysis of field data showed that Cd concentration in rice grains decreased exponentially with increasing Ni concentration in paddy soils, which was verified by the hydroponic experiments. Under 5 μmol/L Cd exposure conditions, the addition of Ni (100 μmol/L) reduced the Cd contents in roots, stems, and leaves by 81.6 %, 60.6 %, and 65.9 %, respectively. With the presence of Ni, the amount of iron plaque decreased, and the Cd content in the iron plaque was reduced due to the competition between Ni and Cd for adsorption sites. In addition, the migration of Cd from stems to leaves was reduced. At the same time, the distribution of Cd in the cell was altered, and the concentration of Cd in the root cell walls increased with increasing Ni addition under 5 μmol/L Cd exposure. These findings highlight the critical role of Ni in inhibiting Cd accumulation in rice, and provide important information for understanding the effects of coexisting elements in Cd-contaminated soils on Cd accumulation in crops.
研究领域:
农业科学
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环境科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Chinese Physics B
·
2024
·Vol. 33
·期 4
·048101
·
IF 1.5
Xin Liu,Zhi-Long Chen,Hu Wang,Wen-Qing Zhang,Hao Dong,Peng-Xiang Wang,Yu-Chuan Shao
Photocurrent–voltage characterization is a crucial method for assessing key parameters in x-ray or γ-ray semiconductor detectors, especially the carrier mobility lifetime product. However, the high biases during photocurrent measurements tend to cause severe ion migration, which can lead to the instability and inaccuracy of the test results. Given the mixed electronic–ionic characteristics, it is imperative to devise novel methods capable of precisely measuring photocurrent–voltage characteristics under high bias conditions, free from interference caused by ion migration. In this paper, pulsed bias is employed to explore the photocurrent–voltage characteristics of MAPbBr3 single crystals. The method yields stable photocurrent–voltage characteristics at a pulsed bias of up to 30 V, proving to be effective in mitigating ion migration. Through fitting the modified Hecht equation, we determined the mobility lifetime products of 1.0 × 10−2 cm2⋅V−1 for hole and 2.78 × 10−3 cm2⋅V−1 for electron. This approach offers a promising solution for accurately measuring the transport properties of carriers in perovskite.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
半导体物理
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DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 27.4
Wenshu Yang,Kai Zhang,Wei Yuan,Lijun Zhang,Chuanjiang Qin,Haibo Wang
Ion migration poses a substantial challenge in perovskite transistors, exerting detrimental effects on hysteresis and operational stability. This study focuses on elucidating the influence of ion migration on the performance of tin-based perovskite field-effect transistors (FETs). It is revealed that the high background carrier density in FASnI 3 FETs arises not only from the oxidation of Sn 2+ but also from the migration of FA + ions. The formation of hydrogen bonding between FA + and F − ions efficiently inhibits ion migration, leading to a reduction in background carrier density and an improvement in the operational stability of the transistors. The strategy of hydrogen bond is extended to fluorine-substituted additives to improve device performance. The incorporation of 4-fluorophenethylammonium iodide additives into FETs significantly minimizes the shift of turn-on voltage during cyclic measurements. Notably, an effective mobility of up to 30 cm 2 V −1 s −1 with an I on/off ratio of 10 7 is achieved. These findings hold promising potential for advancing tin-based perovskite technology in the field of electronics.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电子学
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半导体器件
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2025
·
IF 8
Young-Min Lee,Youyoung Lim,Sohyun Kang,Sunmi Kim
Plasticizers enhance the flexibility of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products but may migrate over time, posing potential health risks. This study quantified migration rates of ten phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers from PVC sheet specimens into artificial saliva and sweat, across plasticizer contents ranging from 20 to 50 wt%. Migration experiments at 37 °C, followed by GC-TOF/MS analysis, revealed linear relationships between plasticizer content and both ingestion and dermal migration rates for most compounds. DBP, DiBP, and DiNA exhibited the highest migration (> 0.33 μg/cm 2 /min in saliva; > 3.23 ng/cm 2 /min in sweat), whereas DEHA and DnOP demonstrated minimal release. Key molecular descriptors − including measured content (MC), estimated solubility (ESOL), SpMax2_Bhi, and total connectivity index (Xt) − showed significant correlations with migration behaviors. Multiple linear regression and robust regression models were developed to predict ingestion and dermal migration, achieving R 2 = 0.70 (RMSE = 0.238) and Pseudo R 2 = 0.89, respectively. Internal 5-fold cross-validation confirmed model stability, although external validation revealed limitations related to dataset dependency. Despite these constraints, the proposed models offer a practical and rapid screening approach for estimating plasticizer release and potential human exposure from consumer products.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
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生物材料学
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暴露科学
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分析化学
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风险评估
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分子毒理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Packaging and Shelf Life
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2024
·
IF 8.5
Weiyan Guan,Yue He,David Julian McClements,Jing Chen,Da Ma
Milk is commonly contained in plastic multilayer pouches or cartons. Substances in these food packaging materials, such as additives, processing aids, degradation products, and residues may migrate into the milk, thereby causing contamination and human health risks. The migration of substances from six plastic multilayer pouches and five multilayer cartons that are commonly used as milk packaging materials into a model food (50 % ethanol) was studied. A direct immersion -solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (DI-SPME-GC-MS) method was optimized for the identification and quantification of the migrants. The optimal conditions were determined to be 60 min extraction time, 75 °C extraction temperature, and 1000 rpm stirring rate. Using this method, 36 compounds were found to have migrated into the milk, including several additives (such as bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, acetyl tributyl citrate and erucamide), several degradation products (such as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione), an initiator residue, and some solvents. A risk assessment was then conducted, and it was found that the exposure of certain substances from six plastic multilayer pouches into 50 % ethanol might pose potential human health risk. Our study showed that DI-SPME-GC-MS is a fast and efficient migration detection method, and our findings provide an important reference for the risk assessment of the potential migration of toxic substances from multilayer packaging materials into milk.
研究领域:
食品科学
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分析化学
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毒理学
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环境健康
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Xu Zhang,Lixingzi Wu,Xinle Han,Yuzhi Shi,Jiwen Huang,Botao Ding,Yanhao Zhang,Zhibin Zhang,Yanfeng Shi,Fulin Li
Both perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) are emerging contaminants commonly found in aqueous environments. In co-contaminated areas, MPs may act as carriers for PFOA, complicating transport dynamics. However, information on their cotransport in porous media is limited. This study investigates the transport behaviors of PFOA and PS-MPs in saturated quartz sand columns under varying ionic strength (IS), cation type, and pH. Using the DLVO interaction energy theory and a mathematical model, we analyzed their cotransport. The results demonstrated that PS-MPs inhibited PFOA transport due to hydrophobic adsorption, reducing PFOA mobility. However, at pH 5, PS-MPs facilitated PFOA transport through competitive adsorption on sand surfaces. Conversely, PFOA significantly accelerated PS-MPs transport, likely due to electrostatic repulsion and reduced PS-MPs size. The promoting effect of PFOA on PS-MPs was similar in NaCl and CaCl 2 solutions. It is noteworthy that under acidic conditions, the increased electrostatic attraction between PS-MPs and quartz sand leads to substantial adsorption of PS-MPs onto the quartz sand surface. Under these conditions, PFOA exerts almost no promoting effect on PS-MPs. This study showed that the coexistence of PS-MPs and PFOA would influence the mobility of each other in the saturated porous media. Overall, the findings from this work could greatly improve our understanding of cotransport behaviors and environmental risk of PS-MPs and PFOA.
研究领域:
环境科学
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污染生态学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Crystals
·
2020
·Vol. 10
·期 6
·444
·
IF 2.404
Jing Zhao,Hongjie Luo,Xiao Huang
Salt damage is one of the most common and serious diseases in silicate cultural relics. In this research, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (low-field NMR), automatic high-speed X-ray microtomography imaging, polarized light microscopy, and ultra-depth of field microscopy were applied to investigate the migration, distribution, and crystallization of NaCl and Na2SO4on the surface of hydrophilic media, glass capillaries, and porous SiO2materials, respectively. The results show that these two salts have different crystal growth behaviors in the same medium. NaCl grows in a granular form on the surface of hydrophilic medium and generally crystallizes outside the glass capillary tube, whereas Na2SO4grows in a circular ring and always crystallizes inside, and some bubbles can be seen clearly in the hydrophilic medium. Meanwhile, different from NaCl, which is mainly concentrated on the upper surface of SiO2sample, the migration of the Na2SO4solution is distributed in the whole sample, and crystals accumulate on the interior of the sample surface. The different crystallization behaviors of salts are speculated to be related to damage conditions such as efflorescence and mural blisters in silicate cultural relics.Keywords:salt damage;penetration depth;migration;distribution;crystallization
研究领域:
文物保护
·
材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Optical Materials
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Zhiqiang Wang,Chenduan Chen,Zengling Li,Ke Sun,Jianrong Qiu,Dezhi Tan
Mixed-halide perovskite nanostructures possess widely-tunable optical and electronic properties that are desirable for applications in optics and optoelectronics, such as photodetectors, micro-LEDs, photovoltaics and lasers. Photoinducing phase segregation often occur on these nanostructures with halide ions, e.g., iodide ions, migrating away from the original mixed-halide crystal lattice, which impairs their photoluminescence (PL) properties and impedes the integrated applications. Herein, significant photoinduced PL enhancement is reported with a PL shift from green to red on the Br-I halides-containing perovskite nanowires (NWs). This is proposed to be caused by the formation of Br-I mixed phase due to the migration and incorporation of iodide ions into the deficient-rich CsPbBr 3 lattice within the NWs. It is demonstrated that this principle is general to regulate the PL on NWs with various halide compositions. Optoelectronic applications in waveguiding and short-time optical storage are exploited experimentally. This work provides new insights into the photoinduced PL modulation, which would advance and expand the optoelectronic applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米光子学
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半导体物理
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光电功能材料
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凝聚态物理
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 19
Hanjun Zhao,Nianqiao Liu,Ning Li,Changke Jiang,Yue Zhao,Qingsen Zeng,Zhaolai Chen
Ion migration is a universal and pending issue that hinders performance and stability of metal halide perovskite (MHP) X-ray detectors. Lead-tin (Pb-Sn) perovskite single crystals hold potential for suppressing ion migration, but they face unideal Sn 2 ⁺ oxidation during crystal growth. Herein, a low-temperature crystal growth strategy using 2-methoxyethanol (2ME) as solvent is developed to mitigate oxidation of Sn 2 ⁺ and suppress formation of vacancy traps. The as-grown FAPb 0.5 Sn 0.5 I 3 (FA = CH(NH 2 ) 2 + ) single crystals exhibit a high ion migration activation energy ( E a ) of 0.95 eV, which is distinctly larger than those of lead-based perovskite crystals. As a result, the detectors exhibit a low dark current density of 0.75 nA cm −2 and small drift 4.2 × 10 −7 nA cm −1 s −1 V −1 as well as low detection limit of 0.81 nGy air s −1 , outperforming those of lead perovskite detectors. Besides, the FAPb 0.5 Sn 0.5 I 3 crystals possess high carrier mobility-lifetime ( µτ ) product of 2.7 × 10 −3 cm 2 V −1 , resulting in self-powered X-ray detectors with high sensitivity of 8.1 × 10 3 µC Gy air −1 cm −2 under 0 V bias. This work reports X-ray detectors based on Pb-Sn single crystals for the first time and shows their potential for inhibiting ion migration and dark current without sacrificing device sensitivity, which may promote stable and low-dose X-ray detection.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光电子学
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辐射探测
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晶体生长
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）