Soft actuators with accurate and real-time motion perception are of great importance for flexible machines and artificial intelligence robotics to enable an autonomic response to surroundings. To enhance the sensing-signal reliability and calibration, synchronous motion perception with multiplex feedback signals is desired but has not been sufficiently explored. Herein, we present a soft bimorph actuator that has electrical and visual dual channel signal feedback functions for real-time multiplex motion perception. Cellulose paper and polyimide tape were assembled together as bimorph actuation layers on which an MXene/graphene bilayer was coated for electrothermal function and electrical signal feedback and a thermochromic interlayer was used for real-time visual signal feedback. Based on the proposed actuators, three kinds of bionic robotics and an electro-puppetry robot, “ Wu Song Fights the Tiger ”, with motion-programmable features are demonstrated, revealing the broad application prospects of the present soft actuators in bionic soft robotics with real-time multiplexing motion perception.
Human bodily kinesthetic sensing is generally complicated and ever-changing due to the diversity of body deformation as well as the complexity of mechanical stimulus, which is different from the unidirectional mechanical motion. So, there exists a huge challenge for current flexible sensors to accurately differentiate and identify what kind of external mechanical stimulus is exerted via analyzing digital signals. Here, we report a flexible dual-interdigital-electrode sensor (FDES) that consists of two interdigital electrodes and a highly pressure-sensitive porous conductive sponge. The FDES can precisely identify multiple mechanical stimuli, e.g., pressing, positive bending, negative bending, X-direction stretching, and Y-direction stretching, and convert them into corresponding current variation signals. Moreover, the FDES exhibits other exceptional properties, such as high sensitivity, stretchability, large measurement range, and outstanding stability, accompanied by simple structural design and low-cost processing simultaneously. Additionally, our FDES successfully identifies various complex activities of the human body, which lays a foundation for the further development of multimode flexible sensors.
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