Studies have shown that emissions in the NIR-II and NIR-III regions exhibit high tissue penetration, along with superior performance in biological and medical imaging applications. Therefore, developing NIR phosphors capable of simultaneously show emissions in both the NIR-II and NIR-III regions holds significant value. Herein, we developed a novel Cr 3+ /Er 3+ co-doped NaBaScSi 2 O 7 phosphor that demonstrates efficient dual-band emission in both NIR-II and NIR-III regions under visible light excitation, enabled by highly effective Cr 3+ →Er 3+ energy transfer. The energy transfer efficiencies calculated by the emission intensity and fluorescence lifetime are 65.3% and 47.4%, respectively, with the energy transfer mechanism dominated by dipole-dipole interaction. The prepared phosphor can be effectively excited by multiple excitation sources (378 nm, 492 nm, 808 nm, and 980 nm), generating distinct emission responses, highlighting its potential for anti-counterfeiting applications. Additionally, the distinct temperature-dependent optical properties of Cr 3+ and Er 3+ offer a viable approach for non-contact temperature detection, achieving a relative sensitivity of 0.8% K -1 and a temperature resolution of 0.126 K at 498 K. The NIR-II/III pc-LED fabricated by NaBaScSi 2 O 7 : 1%Cr 3+ , 0.2%Er 3+ demonstrates outstanding non-invasive imaging capability and accurate predictions for organic solvents. This study presents a strategy for developing phosphors capable of simultaneous NIR-II/III emission, and significantly advances their multifunctional applications in NIR optical thermometry and NIR pc-LED technologies.
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Proinflammatory pyroptosis as a new schedule can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), thereby reversing immunosuppressive TME and improving ICB efficiency. Herein, we report an acid-etched layered double hydroxides nanosheets (E-LDH)-based smart nanoplatforms armed with H 2 O 2 /pH dual “doorkeepers” (denoted as CTEP) targeting HCC to realize membrane-anchored photodynamic therapy (PDT) and evoke potent pyroptosis to effectively improve anti-tumor immunity. The hybrid Hepa1-6 cancer cell membrane (CM) and thylakoid (TK) membrane is cloaked on the surface of pH-(low)-insertion peptide (pHLIP) modified E-LDH to obtain CTEP. Once CTEP nanoplatforms arrive at tumor regions, the dual “doorkeepers” will orderly open to perform PDT precisely. Given the fact that TK membranes have the catalase mimetic function, CTEP is able to respond to high concentrations of H 2 O 2 in TME and rupture the hybrid CM-TK membrane to expose pH-sensitive peptide pHLIP. Membrane-localized PDT can induce gasdermin-D (GSDMD) mediated pyroptosis, effectively stimulating tumor immunogenicity. Pyroptotic cell death releases damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and consequently robust IaCB ability. CTEP-evoked pyroptosis together with anti-PD-L1 blockade therapy activates adaptive immunity in HCC, successfully inhibiting the progression of primary and distant HCC tumors with mitigation of the side effects. This research has demonstrated that CTEP with excellent biocompatibility and homologous targeting ability can act as a potent pyroptosis inducer to improve immune efficacy. The combination of PDT and immunotherapy via a photo-pyroptosis pathway can be a smart strategy for HCC treatment.
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