Oxide-based photoelectrodes for solar water splitting have gained growing attention because of their decent stability and cost-effectiveness. Particularly, α-SnWO 4 has been regarded as a potential next-generation light absorbing material due to the predicted favorable bandgap of 1.9 eV. Herein, the investigation and amelioration of the crystallinity as a performance dominating factor to the α-SnWO 4 -based photoanode are demonstrated. The improvement is attributed to a unique crystallization process induced by the formation of oxygen vacancies in the reductive atmosphere at 500 °C. The sample exhibits notably enhanced visible-light absorption and an improved charge transport property. Electrochemical measurements reveal a cathodic shift of the flat-band potential, corresponding to the impacted band position. The photocurrent is enhanced from 0.03 to 0.42 mA cm −2 (AM1.5, 1.23 V RHE ). Such a new treatment can be used as an effective tool for developing α-SnWO 4 into efficient photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) materials.
Yu Pan,Xun Liu,Meng Zhang,Qi Han,Yufei Shu,Mengxia Wang,Bei Liu,Zhongying Wang
The presence of excess fluoride ions in drinking water has raised widespread concerns, necessitating the development of effective methods for its removal. Cerium dioxide (CeO 2 ) holds promise as a selective adsorbent for fluoride ions, due to its exceptional affinity for fluoride and stability across a wide pH range. However, the impact of intrinsic properties of CeO 2 on its adsorption characteristics and mechanisms remains unclear. In this study, we prepared a range of CeO 2 materials with diverse intrinsic properties by adjusting the annealing temperature and atmosphere. Through a series of characterization techniques, we discovered a correlation between the content of oxygen vacancies, Ce(III) species, and surface hydroxyl groups (–OH), all of which decreased simultaneously with increasing air annealing temperature. With respect to the adsorption performance, the highest fluoride adsorption capacity of 111.1 mg g −1 was observed in un-CeO 2 , representing the nanomaterials with the highest oxygen vacancies. This capacity gradually decreased to 29.1 mg g −1 in 800-CeO 2 . Following fluoride adsorption, the oxygen vacancy density, Ce(III) content, and surface –OH content of all CeO 2 materials decreased. When CeO 2 materials were annealed in H 2 for 1 h, the F − adsorption density increased due to the formation of more oxygen vacancies and surface –OH. Based on our findings, we conclude that oxygen vacancies play a critical role in determining whether fluoride ions can successfully exchange with surface –OH groups and enter the crystal lattice of CeO 2 , which significantly affects the adsorption performance. The pivotal role of oxygen vacancies, as proposed in this study, provides a valuable direction for future research aimed at enhancing the fluoride adsorption performance of CeO 2 .
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