SOLAR ENERGY
·
2024
·
IF 6
Wuzhi Yuan,Huaming Li,Kui He,Ya Ge,Si-Min Huang
Dust on the PV surface is well known to cause significant losses in energy yield. Complex physical and chemical interactions occur between dust and condensate on the surface of PV module under condensation, which determine the mode and severity of surface contamination. In this work, dynamic behavior of dust particle on surface is investigated from a microscopic perspective. Dust mainly experiences particle aggregation, dusty droplet coalescence, growth, movement and drying. After condensation & drying, surface transmittance is quantitatively measured to provide an assessment of surface contamination. The results show that for SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 particles, that do not react with condensate, surface transmittance increases after drying, especially for superhydrophobic surface (SHS). However, CaO particle easily react with condensate and atmospheric carbon dioxide to form insoluble substances. After drying, a dense layer of dust is formed on the hydrophilic surface with transmittance of 49.2 %. SHS has excellent ability of self-cleaning and it increases with extension of condensation time. As condensation time is 120 min, transmittance of SiO 2 -contaminated SHS can recover to 99.1 % of clean surface. This finding may guide for development of suitable strategies to prevent or mitigate surface-soiling under condensation.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2022
·Vol. 14
·期 7
·1413
·
IF 4.967
Yang Yang,Ziyuan Zheng,Jun Lin,Lintao Zhou,Guohua Chen
Polarizer is a key component of the liquid crystal display panel, and the optical properties mainly include transmittance, degree of polarization and chromaticity. Polarizer is made of a multilayer optical film, in which the PVA polarizing film is the core structure for realizing the polarization of the whole polarizer. PVA polarizing film is commonly manufactured through a multi-step craft, including rinsing, dyeing, stretching and correcting. The correction process has a significant impact on the final apparent color and optical properties of the polarizer. In this study, the KI concentration in the correcting tank, ranging from 1% to 3%, was systematically investigated. With the increase in KI concentration, the Raman vibration peak at 160 cm−1representingI5−ions gradually weakened, while the Raman vibration peak at 110 cm−1representingI3−ions gradually increased, indicating that the KI in the correcting tank changed the chemical equilibrium of polyiodide ions in PVA. Then abundant chromophoreI5−ions were consumed andI3−ions generated, so that the apparent color of PVA polarizing film gradually changed from dark blue to dark gray, and the chromaticitya-value andb-value gradually increased. The change in the concentration of dichroic species (I5−andI3−) in PVA polarizing film had directly affected its transmittance in the visible range. From the UV-Vis transmittance spectrum of PVA polarizing film, when theI5−ions were consumed andI3−ions generated, the transmittance of PVA polarizing film in the region of 675–525 nm wavelength increased gradually while the polarization degree also increased.Keywords:PVA polarizing film;correction process;transmittance;chromaticity;degree of polarization
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2017
·
IF 7.504
Jiulin Shen,Fu Li,Zhonghuan Cao,David Barat,Guoli Tu
Here we demonstrate a simple and effective method of fabricating polymeric scattering substrate for flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) that require no costly patterning, etching, or molding processes, aspects that are desirable for the commercialization of large-scale lighting panels. Systematic study of the influences of relative index of refraction, particle size, and doping concentration on transmittance and haze of transparent colorless polyimide (cPI) films was carried out. It was found that the reduction of transmittance and haze of the doped films decreases along with the decrease of the difference of refractive index between the particles and polymer matrix, and it could be compensated by the increase of particle size or doping concentration.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2022
·
IF 5.518
Lu Xu,Qianyi Tang,Baijun Liu,Mingyao Zhang
Transparent methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (MABS) resin was prepared by blending the matrix resin with rubber toughened particles. The refractive index of matrix resin was characterized, which proved the transmittance of MABS resin improved with decreasing differences in the two-phase refractive index. Controlling the refractive index of the matrix resin was comparable to that of rubber, increasing acrylonitrile (AN) content in the matrix resin to improve toughening efficiency of the rubber particles to the matrix. When the proportion of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (PMMA/SAN) was 71.6/28.4 or the initial weight ratio of MMA/St/AN was 78/16.5/5.5, the MABS resin had an optimal transmittance of 90 %. The AN content of the former was 6.5 %, and the impact strength was 155 J/m. The actual AN content of the latter was 12.5 %, and the impact strength was 172 J/m. Additionally, the refractive index of methacrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile (MSAN) decreased with increasing monomer conversion. When the monomer conversion reached 76.5 %, the change in the composition of MSAN was insignificant as the monomer conversion continued to increase. Moreover, MABS resin had a broad processing temperature window with MSAN copolymer as the matrix resin compared to the blends of PMMA and SAN, which were 170–240 °C and 190–200 °C, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
OPTICAL MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 3.8
Xindan Li,Ming Yin,Chao Xiao,Zhong Kuang,Shengquan Yu,Xiaoqiang Li,Zhuoying Jia
The co-precipitation approach was successfully used in this investigation to produce MgF 2 nanoparticles. The effects of various heat treatments on the particle size and morphology of MgF 2 nanoparticles were systematically investigated. Based on the experimental results, the powder calcined at 500 °C, having crystallites size that are typically between 80 and 120 nm in size, was identified as the optimal sample. This calcined powder was subsequently used to produce polycrystalline MgF 2 ceramics through hot pressing (HP). It was also investigated how the characteristics of MgF 2 ceramics were affected by low-pressure hot pressing. The results demonstrated that the optimal transmittance of 95.8 % was achieved at a pressure of 30 MPa and a hot-pressing temperature of 800 °C. Furthermore, the dielectric constant (ε r ), Q × f value, Vickers hardness ( H V ), and fracture toughness ( K IC ) of the samples produced at 30 MPa and 800 °C were evaluated. The dielectric constant and Q × f value of MgF 2 ceramics, measured at 13.6231 GHz, were found to be 5.2996 and 114534 GHz, respectively. The Vickers hardness was measured at 5.21 ± 0.42 GPa, and the fracture toughness was determined to be 0.842 ± 0.067 MPa m 1/2 .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 60
·期 6
·1194-1201
·
IF 1.917
Lu Xu,Baijun Liu,Mingyao Zhang,Yang Bai,Jinming Zhang,Jiayin Song
A series of methacrylate-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (MABS) resins was prepared using bulk polymerization. The polarity of the continuous phase and the compatibility of two phases were changed by adjusting the methyl methacrylate (MMA) content, choosing values that were close to styrene-butadiene rubber solubility value. The possibility of controlling the microstructure of the MABS resin by changing the polarity of the components and the compatibility of two phases was assessed. The dynamic mechanical analysis shows that the compatibility of two phases varies with the MMA content. The morphological analysis shows that increasing MMA contents results in a gradual decrease in the sub-inclusion structure with a network skeleton of rubber particles, and that all the particles become solid rubber when the MMA content reaches 75%. The sub-inclusion structure reappears but does not have a network skeleton when the MMA content is 90%. The impact strength and morphological analysis indicate that the solid rubber particles and the sub-inclusion structure with a network skeleton provide excellent toughness, while the sub-inclusion structure without a network skeleton does not. In contrast, the transmittance of the ABS resin first increased and then decreased with increasing MMA content.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
OPTICAL MATERIALS
·
2019
·
IF 2.687
Xinyou Huang,Xing Zhang,Zewang Hu,Yagang Feng,Jiabei Wei,Xin Liu,Xiaoying Li,Haohong Chen,Lexiang Wu,Hongming Pan,Jiang Li
Yttrium (Y 2 O 3 ) nanopowders were synthesized via the precipitation method using ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC) as the precipitant. The influences of calcination temperature on the composition and morphology of the powders were investigated. Fine Y 2 O 3 powders with low-agglomeration were obtained by calcining the precursor at 1100 °C for 4 h. The primary crystallites were calculated to be ∼47 nm in size and weakly agglomerated to particles with size of ∼79 nm. Using the synthesized powders as the starting materials, Y 2 O 3 ceramics were fabricated by vacuum sintering at different temperatures combined with HIP post-treatment. The densification and micro-structure evolution of the Y 2 O 3 ceramics were systematically investigated. The ceramic sample vacuum sintered at 1500 °C for 2 h and post-HIPed at 1550 °C for 3 h exhibited a uniform and fine microstructure with the average grain of about 1.0 μm. The in-line transmittance of the ceramic sample reached 80.1% at 1100 nm.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
陶瓷工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Wenlei Liu,Jianxing Shen,Qingle Pang,Tailin Wang,Xiujun Han
Cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce) based transparent ceramics have been widely used in fluorescent lighting as high-quality inorganic fluorescent conversion materials. This paper further explores the Mg 2+ -Si 4+ ions doped YAG:Ce transparent ceramics by combining the solid-phase reaction method with vacuum hot-pressure sintering and implementing protection measures against hot-pressure mold contamination, and also investigates the effect of different Mg 2+ -Si 4+ doping contents on the structure, transmittance and luminescence properties of the ceramics under hot-pressure sintering. In this work, pure-phase YMASG:Ce transparent fluorescent ceramics with a grain size of about 3-6 μm and clear and clean grain boundaries were obtained with an In-line transmittance of 67% at 800 nm. Under the excitation at 460 nm, the emission peak was red-shifted by 26 nm and the full width at half maxima (FWHM) was broadened with the increase of Mg 2+ -Si 4+ content, which shows that the Mg 2+ -Si 4+ ion pair effectively complements the absence of the red light component in the YAG:Ce emission spectrum. The optimized YMASG:Ce ceramics obtained high-quality warm white light with a low correlated color temperature (CCT) and a high color rendering index (CRI) under the excitation of the blue LED chip. This work proved the feasibility of vacuum hot-pressure sintering to prepare YMASG:Ce transparent fluorescent ceramics, and provided a new approach for studying YMASG:Ce-based ceramics, which was significant for the application of high-power visible laser illumination.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2024
·
IF 4.4
Hangzhou Wang,Xiaobin Li,Jun Shi,Xiaoyan Xiong,Chenguang Kong,Cunzhi Li,Youcheng Huang,Shumin Jiang,Kun Wu,Li Yang
The shrinkage of UV-curable polymers is directly related to the structural changes in the monomer behavior of the system. The issue of shrinkage in these systems can be mitigated by leveraging the dynamic behavior of disulfide bonds. However, it remains unclear how light induction affects the contraction of the system through processes such as bond cleavage, migration, and recombination of disulfide bonds. In this study, we modified the polyurethane core of a UV-curable system by incorporating three different topologies of disulfide bonds. We examined the impact of these different arrangements and their dynamic adjustment on reducing shrinkage using scanning electron microscopy, shrinkage rate tests, and theoretical analysis based on the Gauss-type radial distribution probability density function. Our findings show that the modified sample exhibited lower curing shrinkage and a smoother surface compared to unmodified polyurethane. Specifically, while the shrinkage rate before modification (PU) was 5.16%, after modification (DSBT-PU, DSBP-PU, DSBE-PU) it decreased to 1.24% for DSBT-PU, 0.67% for DSBP-PU, and 0.95% for DSBE-PU. We also observed that longer chain lengths in disulfide-containing fragments aided in dynamically adjusting the system structure. However, the increase in the molecular fragment length makes it more difficult to migrate dynamic disulfide bonds. Furthermore, our synthetic sample demonstrated high transmittance levels, exceeding 98%. Additionally, we conducted comprehensive examinations including testing 180° peel strength, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile characteristics, and transmittance properties, among others. This work not only sheds light on how dynamic bonds influence system structure but also holds practical implications for applications in liquid optical clear adhesive (LOCA) and unique pressure-sensitive adhesives.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2024
·
IF 4.4
Liangyong He,Bin Yang,Sen Wang,Yuqing Yang,Yingying Wang,Haiyang Hu,Zhengzhi Zheng,Jiashuo Liu,Jiasheng Qian,Jibin Miao,Weiguo Zhang,Yuchao Ke
The increasing demand for improving the performance of optical devices and the development of nanotechnology have driven research on diffusion films. The preparation of diffusion films with well-defined microstructures can achieve uniform diffusion and scattering of light, thereby improving the efficiency and performance of optical devices. In this study, diffusion films with high transmittance and haze were prepared using PMMA@TiO2@SiO2 (P@T@S) composite microspheres, and the PMMA microspheres and nanoparticles were combined through electrostatic attraction. As compared with PMMA microspheres, the P@T@S composite microspheres displayed better heat resistance as well as swelling resistance. Optical performance data showed that the P@T@S diffusion film had the perfect optical performance with a transmittance up to 90.5% and a haze of 88.3%. The excellent light diffusion effect of the P@T@S diffusion film was experimentally demonstrated, with the light through the film not only displaying the largest area but also maintaining a relatively high brightness. Our findings can provide reference and guidance for further development of light diffusion films, which are of potential application in optoelectronic devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Yong Zhang,Qiuli Liu,Jing Li,Haichen Yao,Yihang Hou,Jiazi Hou
Optical antiglare films with high light transmittance and high haze are capable of mitigating the adverse effects of glare on eyes and offering a healthy visual experience. However, the haze increase is always accompanied with the severe loss of the light transmittance, posing a considerable challenge to simultaneously achieving high transmittance and high haze. In this work, a polyvinylbutyral (PVB) nanofibers-based polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film featuring of matched refractive indices, loosely fiber stacked density in PDMS, and appropriate fiber diameter close to the visible light wavelength, was prepared with exceptional antiglare property. Subsequently, it was further air sprayed with a hydrophobic F17@SiO 2 coating to endow the P-PVB/F17@SiO 2 composite film superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning with the water contact angle reaching 170.4°, expanding its practical applications. By employing a trimodal light regulation strategy, including Rayleigh scattering of nanoparticles, light reflection induced by micro-tunnels, and Mie scattering caused by nanofibers, the P-PVB/F17@SiO 2 film demonstrated an excellent transmittance of 90.73% and an admirable haze of 94.5%. Therefore, based on the straightforward, large-scale, cost-effective manufacturing, this work proposes a reliable way to achieve optical antiglare film with effective light regulation, which shows a great potential for applications in smart mobility, intelligent buildings, and flexible electronics, etc.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Coatings
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 7
·433
·
IF 2.33
Tianshi Feng,Jiankun Qin,Yali Shao,Lili Jia,Qi Li,Yingcheng Hu
Transparent jute fiber (TJF) was prepared from delignified jute fiber (DJF) and was subjected to various surface knitting densities (190 and 340 g/m2) before epoxy resin (ER) impregnation under vacuum. The preparation process and properties of TJF were evaluated. The mechanical properties and surface morphology of the jute fiber samples were also studied. The mechanical properties were compared with transparent coir fiber (TCF) and transparent balsa wood (TBW). Optical properties, such as surface color, optical transmittance, and visual haze, of natural jute fiber (JF) and TJF were measured to better understand the influence of delignification. The experimental results showed transparency of 51% even for dense jute fiber cloth, and the maximum transmittance was as high as 60% with a low surface density. TJF had similar tensile strength as TBW but was higher than TCF, indicating a maximum tensile strength of 43.25 MPa with a surface density of 340 g/m2. These results suggest that TJF has the potential to meet the particular optical and mechanical properties of transparent wood. Transparent jute fiber can replace transparent wood for industrial production because of the simple preparation process and lower price.Keywords:transparent jute fiber;epoxy resin;transmission;tensile strength;chromatic aberration
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）