The modulation of third-order nonlinear optical response by protonation of phenol red dye and all-optical switching applications
Here, we investigate the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) response of the phenol red (PR) dye solution under cw excitation at 532 nm employing the spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) method. The results show that two types of diffraction rings (narrow and wide) are produced in the far field , which are attributed to the Kerr effect and Thermal optical nonlinear effect . In addition, the NLO properties of the PR dye under various pH conditions are investigated. Compared with the PR dye solution, the nonlinear refractive index coefficients induced by Kerr effect and Thermal optical nonlinear effect of protonated-PR (P-PR) dye increased by 2.23 and 2.76 times, respectively. These phenomena are explained by the enhanced π-electron delocalization, and the redshift and enhancement of the absorption peak caused by π-π* transitions. Finally, all-optical switching in the PR dye solution is realized based on the Thermal optical nonlinear effect. These findings not only provide a significant reference to tailor nonlinear optical properties of PR dye solutions, but also make PR dye promising candidates in photonic devices applications.
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