Liver diseases caused by viral infections, alcoholism, drugs, or chemical poisons are a significant health problem: Liver diseases are a leading contributor to mortality, with approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide. Liver fibrosis, as a common liver disease characterized by excessive collagen deposition, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and there is no effective treatment. Numerous studies have shown that the accumulation of mast cells (MCs) in the liver is closely associated with liver injury caused by a variety of factors. This study investigated the relationship between MCs and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats and the effects of the MC stabilizers sodium cromoglycate (SGC) and ketotifen (KET) on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. The results showed that MCs were recruited or activated during CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Coadministration of SCG or KET alleviated the liver fibrosis by decreasing SCF/c-kit expression, inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway, depressing the HIF-1a/VEGF pathway, activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and increasing the hepatic levels of GSH, GSH-Px, and GR, thereby reducing hepatic oxidative stress. Collectively, recruitment or activation of MCs is linked to liver fibrosis and the stabilization of MCs may provide a new approach to the prevention of liver fibrosis.
Herein, peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-like Fenton oxidation catalyst (DR-Vo-Co 3 O 4 ) with rich oxygen vacancies and carved flower-like structures were constructed using Co 3 O 4 as precursor via deep reduction strategy. DR-Vo-Co 3 O 4 could activate PMS to achieve almost 100% degradation of sulfadiazine (SD) within 1 min with ultra-high efficiency, possessing a degradation rate constant ( k ) value as high as 5.9 ± 0.2 min −1 , which was 86 and 5 times higher than the unreduced and reported maximum, respectively. Furthermore, the catalytic system showed unparalleled reactivity towards 14 different types of contaminants, with the maximum k value even exceeding 20 min −1 . The carved flower-like structure of DR-Vo-Co 3 O 4 catalysts not only facilitated PMS adsorption, but also provided more reaction sites for PMS activation. Meanwhile, rich oxygen vacancies could effectively tune the DR-Vo-Co 3 O 4 surface electronic state to further accelerate charge transfer, significantly enhancing PMS oxidation efficiency. Catalytic mechanism analysis revealed that 1 O 2 and O 2 •− played a dominant role in contaminant degradation.
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