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Effect of biodiesel ester structure optimization on low temperature performance and oxidation stability

Wenchao Wang,Fashe Li,Ying Li

The main shortcomings of biodiesel are related to the low-temperature performance and oxidation stability. Hence, this study proposes to investigate the influence of the oleic acid-based esters with various linear and branched chain alcohols on these two properties of biodiesel. The economic impact of biodiesel with various compositions is also evaluated by means of a mathematical model. The results showed that the longer the carbon chain length of the alcohol component, the better the low-temperature performance of the biodiesel. Hence, the cold filter plugging point and solidifying point of methyl oleate were −19 and −24   °C, respectively, whereas the cold filter plugging point and solidifying point of amyl oleate were −36 and −41   °C, respectively. The more irregular the molecular structure, the better the low-temperature performance of oleic acid-based lipids. For instance, the condensate point and solidifying point of oleic acid-based esters with branched chain alcohols should be lower than oleic acid-based esters with linear chain alcohols. On the other hand, for the linear esters of oleic acid, the oxidation stability is better as the carbon chain is longer. For instance, the induction period of methyl oleate is 0.07   h while for amyl oleate, it is 0.36   h, which corresponds to an increase of about 5 times. For the branched esters, although they are sensitive to oxidation, the induction period is higher than that of methyl oleate. Finally, the DEA evaluation model was used to analyze the economic aspects of the resulted biodiesel. The results showed that the addition of ethyl oleate to biodiesel significantly improved the low-temperature performance and oxidation stability of biodiesel with good economic benefits.