Plasma separation, rich in biomarkers crucial for diagnosis, is conventionally achieved via high-speed centrifugation, a method hindered by its blood usage, lengthy processes, and complex operations, which delays detection. We introduced a novel real-time blood sensing method based on a Janus membrane and enzymes @MOFs. Asymmetric driving of the janus membrane can realize spontaneous separation of plasma and prevent hemolysis during direct separation. Glucose oxidase (GOx), uric acid oxidase (UOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were encapsulated in a hydrophilic organometallic framework (MOFs) to construct an enzyme cascade nanoreactor. Embedding enzyme in hydrophilic MOFs not only retains the natural conformation of free enzyme but also improves the brittleness of enzyme, endows MOFs with new biological functions, and expands its sensing application. Using 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a chromogen and a custom app for color interpretation, we achieved real-time visualization of glucose (Glu) and uric acid (UA) at a 50 μM limit. The system accurately analyzed serum samples, matching commercial kits and showing promise for portable, personalized diagnostics.
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) served as peroxidase-like artificial enzymes have been recently adopted for wide applications including therapy, pollution degradation, biosensing and so on. However, most of MOFs mimicking peroxidase cannot perform with the utmost efficiency under certain biological circumstances, such as bacterial infections. This is mainly because that the peroxidase-like MOFs exhibit highest activity at pH of 3-4, while bacterial infections cannot lower the environmental pH to the optimal value. This problem significantly restrains the therapy effect. Herein, self-activated cascade MOF/enzyme hybrid nanoreactors ( [email protected] NRs) based on MIL (Materials of Institute Lavoisier) and GOx (Glucose oxidase) were successfully constructed through a two-step procedure. GOx was successfully loaded in the MIL shells and onto their surface as well. The GOx can catalyze the production of gluconic acid that reduces the pH value to around 4, at which the [email protected] NRs perform the highest cascade reaction activity. The continually produced hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) can be subsequently catalyzed by MIL NPs to generate highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (HO • ) for antibacterial application. Thus, [email protected] NRs can significantly inhibit methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) growth and biofilm formation.
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