Horticulturae
·
2025
·Vol. 11
·期 2
·120
·
IF 3
Zi-Wei Zhou,Qing-Yang Wu,Yang Wu,Ting-Ting Deng,Xiao-Hui Chen,Shu-Ting Xiao,Chen-Xin Zhang,Yun Sun,Shi-Zhong Zheng
Wuyi Rock tea (WRT), originating from the northern region of Fujian province, has a good reputation for its distinctive Yan flavor and floral–fruity aroma. The aroma quality, an essential element of the Yan flavor, undergoes various changes during the manufacturing process of WRT. To enhance the understanding of the formation patterns of WRT aroma and its influence on the flavor quality of WRT, we utilized both manufactured WRT (Rougui tea) and primary tea as materials. Utilizing a sensory evaluation, detection of volatile compounds, and multivariate statistical analysis, we identified and characterized the distinctive volatile components present in WRT. The sensory evaluation and radar chart analysis revealed that the primary tea exhibited a strong and lasting aroma, along with a mellow taste and a prominent Yan flavor. Through gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF MS), a total of 251 volatile compounds were identified. The odor activity value (OAV) was calculated to identify key aroma-active compounds in the primary tea. The results indicated that a total of 14 compounds had an OAV greater than 1.0, including (2-nitroethyl) benzene, indole, and geranylacetone. These compounds exhibited floral and fruity aroma attributes. They primarily formed and accumulated during the latter stages of WRT. Using a partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) combined with a variable importance in projection (VIP) score greater than 1.0 as a criterion, a total of 89 compounds were identified. Furthermore, out of the selected compounds, 15 types, including geraniol, 1-nonanol, and 1-butyl-2-ethyl-cyclopropene, were found to exclusively exist during the enzymatic manufacturing stages, particularly during the intermediate and later phases of the turn-over process (the last-three-times turn-over treatments), exhibiting predominantly floral and sweet fragrances. In contrast, during the non-enzymatic stages, only four compounds, such as pentanoic acid and phenylmethyl ester, were detected, exhibiting a fruity aroma profile. These volatile compounds significantly influenced the quality attributes of the final tea product, resulting in strong and lasting characteristics, particularly marked by a pronounced floral and fruity aroma. This study revealed how the aroma quality in WRT is developed and pinpointed possible volatile compounds that react to post-harvest treatments, thereby offering valuable insights relating to the intelligent production strategies of WRT.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
茶叶加工学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 38
·26690-26699
·
IF 3.9
Zhigang Li,Yinglin Fang,Jiawei Yang,Huayong Chen,Bo Yang,Yonghua Wang
A novel two-step enzymatic esterification-hydrolysis method that generates high-purity conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers was developed. CLA was first partially purified by enzymatic esterification and then further purified by efficient, selective enzymatic hydrolysis in a three-liquid-phase system (TLPS). Compared with traditional two-step selective enzymatic esterification, this novel method produced highly pure cis-9, trans-11 (c9,t11)-CLA (96%) with high conversion (approx. 36%) and avoided complicated rehydrolysis and reesterification steps. The catalytic efficiency and selectivity of CLA ester enzymatic hydrolysis was greatly improved with TLPSs, as high-speed stirring provided a larger interface area for the reaction and product inhibition was effectively reduced by extraction of the product into other phases. Furthermore, the enzyme-enriched phase (liquid immobilization support) was effectively and economically reused more than 8 times because it contained more than 90% of the concentrated enzyme. Therefore, this novel enzymatic esterification-hydrolysis method can be considered ideal to produce high-purity fatty acid monomers.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2024
·
IF 5.3
Xueli Zuo,Qi Hao,Weiyi Su,Jiahui Ding,Jun Liang,Honghai Wang,Chun Yang,Jianxin Chen,Peng Guo,Yanjun Jiang
In the context of the severe global carbon emission crisis, green and sustainable enzymatic reactions are garnering widespread attention in the industry. However, these processes still face numerous challenges, such as limitations imposed by reaction equilibrium, product decomposition, and inhibition. Product removal via crystallization has the potential to address these issues. More importantly, crystal product properties can be directly manipulated during enzymatic reactive crystallization (ERC), such as polymorphic purity, size, and morphology in a single batch. In the synthesis of cefaclor catalyzed by penicillin G acylase (PGA), primary and secondary hydrolysis greatly limited the efficiency of the reaction. Thus, ERC was performed to combine the advantages of green enzymatic reactions and controllable direct crystallization. Initially, a supersaturated solution of the substrate was established, and cefaclor crystals were seeded to the enzymatic reaction system at a proper time. Subsequently, operating parameters were adjusted to facilitate selective crystallization of cefaclor. It is noteworthy that both immobilized and free enzymes were examined in our research. Ultimately, cefaclor crystals with purity exceeding 99% were obtained directly. The yield of cefaclor reached as high as 88%. It is believed that this method held significant promise for the green and efficient production of high-purity cefaclor and demonstrated considerable potential for application in more similar pharmaceutical scenarios.
研究领域:
药物化学
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绿色化学
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生物催化
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
·
2024
·
IF 3.3
Weihong Wang,Jiaxu Shang,Shupeng Yin,Kunyu Xia,Rui Ma,Weiming Zhu,Peng Fu
Metabolites with high chemical reactivity serve important roles in chemical defenses of organisms. Formaldehyde, as a simple and highly reactive small molecule, can be produced by microorganisms, plants, and animals. Its toxicity is well known, but information about its other biological functions remains scarce. Here, we report that the natural product SEK34b produced by Streptomyces species can react nonenzymatically with formaldehyde in water to yield the methylene-bridged dimer phaeochromycin F. This process can eliminate the toxic substance formaldehyde produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, there is a substantial inhibitory impact of phaeochromycin F on S. aureus. We hypothesize that these constitute an integrated system of defense and attack of Streptomyces species against competitors. Our study indicates that formaldehyde can react with vancomycin and tigecycline under mild conditions to generate the derivatives bearing an imidazolidin-4-one moiety, thereby reducing the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics. These data provide a possible chemical interaction mechanism of bacteria involving the nonenzymatic reactions of formaldehyde with highly reactive natural products.
研究领域:
微生物学
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生物化学
·
药理学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2024
·Vol. 29
·期 2
·366
·
IF 4.2
Zhuojian Lu,Rui Ge,Bin Zheng,Peng Zheng
Antibody arrays play a pivotal role in the detection and quantification of biomolecules, with their effectiveness largely dependent on efficient protein immobilization. Traditional methods often use heterobifunctional cross-linking reagents for attaching functional residues in proteins to corresponding chemical groups on the substrate surface. However, this method does not control the antibody’s anchoring point and orientation, potentially leading to reduced binding efficiency and overall performance. Another method using anti-antibodies as intermediate molecules to control the orientation can be used but it demonstrates lower efficiency. Here, we demonstrate a site-specific protein immobilization strategy utilizingOaAEP1 (asparaginyl endopeptidase) for building a nanobody array. Moreover, we used a nanobody-targeting enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) as the model system to validate the protein immobilization method for building a nanobody array. Finally, by rapidly enriching eGFP, this method further highlights its potential for rapid diagnostic applications. This approach, characterized by its simplicity, high efficiency, and specificity, offers an advancement in the development of surface-modified protein arrays. It promises to enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of biomolecule detection, paving the way for broader applications in various research and diagnostic fields.Keywords:protein immobilization;enzymatic ligation;OaAEP1;nanobody
研究领域:
生物化学
·
分子生物学
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诊断学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Catalysts
·
2018
·Vol. 8
·期 6
·249
·
IF 3.465
Nani Zhou,Le Shen,Zhen Dong,Jiahong Shen,Lihua Du,Xiping Luo
The preparation of thioesters through the lipase-catalysed transesterification reaction of thiols with vinyl carboxyl esters is described. The reactions were carried out by Lipase TL IM fromThermomyces lanuginosusas a catalyst and performed under a continuous flow microreactor. We first found that lipase TL IM can be used in the reaction of thioester synthesis with high efficiency. Various reaction parameters were investigated including substrate molar ratio, reaction time, and temperature. Maximum conversion (96%) was obtained under the optimal condition of a substrate molar ratio of 1:2 (4-methylbenzyl mercaptan:vinyl esters) at 50 °C for about 30 min. Compared with other methods, the salient features of this work include mild reaction conditions (50 °C), short reaction times (30 min), high yields, and environment-friendliness.Keywords:enzymatic synthesis;thioester synthesis;flow chemistry;microreactor
研究领域:
生物化学
·
有机化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Xianghui Kong,Weiqi Xu,Kaixin Zhang,Guijie Chen,Xiaoxiong Zeng
Theaflavins (TFs) and theasinensins (TSs) are the key components formed from the enzymatic oxidation of tea catechins , contributing significantly to the biological activities and taste of black and Oolong teas. In this study, we aimed to reveal the catechin conversion and the enzymatic synthesis of TFs and TSs under reaction temperatures and pH values using polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from potato tuber ( Solanum tuberosum L.). The results indicated that different temperatures, pH values and durations had significant effects on the conversion of catechins and the formation of TFs and TSs. During the reaction, the most of catechin substrates was consumed at 60–90 min after reaction initiation, and large amounts of the products TFs (0.04–0.41 mg/mL) and TSs (0.51–1.52 mg/mL) were obtained. The content of TSs was significantly higher and the maximum content of TSs was more than three times that of TFs. Reaction at a lower temperature (20 °C) is suitable for producing dimers, especially for TFs. Higher pH value resulted in higher catechin consumption and higher TSs content, while the maximum of TFs was obtained at pH 5.0. The present results provided a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the targeted processing of tea catechin dimers in vitro .
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Binyuan Gao,Min Gan,Chongran Sun,Hui Chen,Xi Liu,Qianzi Liu,Yuguang Wang,Haina Cheng,Hongbo Zhou,Zhu Chen
Biogenic organic acids are considered environmentally friendly alternatives to ammonium sulfate for leaching ion-adsorption rare earth ores. Fermentation is popular for their production, but undesired cell metabolites and residual medium components could dampen the leaching performance. High feedstock cost is another major barrier for their applications. To tackle these challenges, a cell-free cascade enzymatic process was developed to produce gluconate from low-cost rice straw. Gluconate production by fermentation and enzymatic catalysis was first compared, and it was found that the enzymatic process gave a 99% yield within 24 h, while it was only 60% for fermentation after 48 h. The gluconate from enzymatic process was superior to that from fermentation in terms of leaching efficiency (100% vs. 18.1%). The precipitation of rare earth elements (REEs) by residual phosphate was identified as the major contributor to the low leaching performance by gluconate produced via fermentation. The gluconate derived from rice straw via the cascade enzymatic process did not show a compromised leaching efficiency, reaching 100% as well. This study sheds lights on how enzymatic process could be adopted to circumvent interferences for REEs recovery by fermentative impurities, and opens a new avenue for potentially economical production of biogenic lixiviants from renewable and cheap feedstocks.
研究领域:
微生物学
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环境科学
·
生物技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOTRANSFORMATION
·
2024
·
IF 1.4
Kang-Hong Wang,Shuangfei Li,Ying-Fen Meng,Yong Zou,Guo-Bin Liang,Cheng Yang,Zhen Yang
Tyrosol is a principle phenolic compound present in olive oil and wine with great pharmacological potentials due to its strong antioxidant property. Its application can be highly extended by increasing its lipophilicity through esterification. In this study, tyrosol esters were synthesized by enzymatic transesterification of tyrosol with vinyl esters, with a commercial lipase from Novozymes (Novozym 435, Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) immobilized on macroporous acrylic resin beads) as the catalyst, both in organic solvents and in ionic liquids. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was the best solvent, offering complete conversions towards the synthesis of tyrosol esters with varying chain lengths (C2-C18) within 1 h. Taking the enzymatic transesterification between tyrosol and vinyl acetate as the model reaction, 18 organic solvents and 24 ionic liquids were screened, and their solvent properties (i.e. hydrophobicity, polarity, viscosity, water activity, and partition coefficients of substrate and product) were correlated to the enzyme activity. Upon enzyme screening, four new lipases were found to be highly efficient, relative to the best-performed Novozym 435 and Lipozyme TLIM (Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) immobilized on silica gel), in tyrosol ester synthesis. This work provides enzymatic methods of esterifying tyrosol that are much more efficient than those reported in literature, and will shed light on re-consideration of the roles of solvents in nonaqueous enzymology.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
酶工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·Vol. 95
·期 7
·2009-2016
·
IF 2.75
Yanlan Bi,Jiali Chen,Taiyu Liu,Guolong Yang,Lu Zhang
BACKGROUND Triglycerides with varying chain length and unsaturation degree are now in high demand in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Enzymatic catalyzed synthesis methods are favored over chemical-based processes in the commercial production of triglycerides. This study found that the application of vacuum can improve the efficiency and productivity of enzymatic synthesis of various triglycerides using Novozym 435 (EC 3.1.1.3), an immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica . The system was used for esterification of fatty acids varying in chain length, unsaturation degree, and oxidation degree. RESULTS The vacuum condition was not applicable to short chain fatty acids (C 4 –C 6 ) due to loss of fatty acids in the reaction. The conversions of C 4 –C 6 saturated fatty acids were low (15–35%) under atmospheric pressure. Under vacuum, high conversions (>95%) and triglyceride yields (approximately 90%) were achieved in the esterification of glycerol with several medium-chain and long-chain (C 8 –C 18 ) saturated fatty acids. Moreover, unsaturation degree of fatty acids also affected the triglyceride yield. The triglyceride contents synthesized from C18:2n-6 (76.17 ± 0.45%) was significantly lower ( P < 0.05) than those from C18:0 (91.59 ± 1.58%) and C18:1n-9 (90.77 ± 0.85%). Furthermore, fatty acids with a high oxidation degree had negative effect on triglyceride synthesis. This vacuum solvent free system allowed the synthesis enzyme to be reused 11 times without significant decrease in the lipase activity for esterification of fatty acids. CONCLUSION The studied vacuum facilitated triglyceride synthesis process provides an economically attractive yet sustainable solution for the production of a wide range of triglyceride products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 18
·9893-9898
·
IF 3.049
Qingju Liu,Ping Han,Hui Wang,Wenwen Gong,Xiaoyuan Feng
Currently known rapid determination of fungicides usually relies on antibody-based immunoassay. This paper reports a simple antibody-free colorimetric assay for chlorothalonil via the inhibition of an enzyme-triggered reaction. The enzymatic activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was significantly inhibited by chlorothalonil, and the color change of NBT-PMS system induced from NADH formation was suppressed, which could be used indirectly to assay chlorothalonil. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.05 μM with a linear range from 0.5 to 10 μM, and the detection of 1 μM chlorothalonil in solution was achieved with a naked-eye readout. In addition, the colorimetric measurement results of the cucumber samples showed a good recovery rate, although the sensitivity was less effective than the instrumental method. Nevertheless, the results demonstrates that the chlorometric method provides potential opportunities for reliable, cost-effective quantitative detection for chlorothalonil residues in vegetables.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
分析化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 5.7
Hang Ning,Wen-long Liu,Qing-yun Li,You-yan Liu,Shi-ting Huang,Hai-bo Liu,Ai-xing Tang
Synthetic aromatic esters, widely employed in agriculture, food, and chemical industries, have become emerging environmental pollutants due to their strong hydrophobicity and poor bioavailability. This study attempted to address this issue by extracellularly expressing the promiscuous aminopeptidase (Aps) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa GF31 in B. subtilis, achieving an impressive enzyme activity of 13.7 U/mg. Notably, we have demonstrated, for the first time, the Aps-mediated degradation of diverse aromatic esters, including but not limited to pyrethroids, phthalates, and parabens. A biochemical characterization of Aps reveals its esterase properties and a broader spectrum of substrate profiles. The degradation rates of p-nitrobenzene esters (p-NB) with different side chain structures vary under the action of Aps, showing a preference for substrates with relatively longer alkyl side chains. The structure-dependent degradability aligns well with the binding energies between Aps and p-NB. Molecular docking and enzyme–substrate interaction elucidate that hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and π–π stacking collectively stabilize the enzyme–substrate conformation, promoting substrate hydrolysis. These findings provide new insights into the enzymatic degradation of aromatic ester pollutants, laying a foundation for the further development and modification of promiscuous enzymes.
研究领域:
环境生物学
·
酶学
·
生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）