MINERALS ENGINEERING
·
2025
·
IF 5
Guosai Jiang,Ziyuan Liu,Yao Xue,Xiaoguang Zhang,Zhe Tan,Yufeng Wu,De’an Pan
Acid sludge, a hazardous waste from lead (Pb)-zinc (Zn) smelting process, typically contains selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg), both of which have high economic value. Recovering these elements contributes to resource reuse and environmental pollution reduction. However, designing an efficient recovery process for Se and Hg is a key technical challenge in the disposal of Se/Hg-containing acid sludge. In this study, we proposed a highly efficient wet recovery method for Se and Hg, which involves mechanical ball milling pretreatment of acid sludge followed by an oxidizing acid leaching process. Through single-factor experiment and response surface methodology (RSM) optimization, the leaching efficiencies of 99.69 % for Se and 99.64 % for Hg within 11 min were achieved. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the leaching process were thoroughly investigated to elucidate the conversion mechanisms of Se and Hg and the rate-controlling step from chemical reaction. Notably, the mechanical pretreatment significantly enhanced the leaching efficiencies of Se and Hg in less time compared to direct leaching process, owing to the reduced particle size, more scattered distribution and decreased crystallinity. This research offers valuable insights into the efficient leaching of Se and Hg species from acid sludge, potentially addressing the issues of resource wastage and environmental pollution from large stockpiles of acid sludge.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
冶金工程
·
资源回收
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization
·
2025
·
IF 2.1
Shengchao Yang,Sheng Dong,Jinpeng Qiao,Chao Kang,Yuqian Zhao,Yanze Wang,Jianrong Liu,Chenlong Duan,Sabereh Nazari,Miao Pan
Aiming at the problems of high quartz content, high ash content and difficult leaching of aluminum and gallium in some coal gangue, NaF-strengthened coal gangue calcination-hydrochloric acid leaching process was adopted, and the occurrence state of gallium in coal gangue was explored. The residue was analyzed by XRD and SEM, and the mechanism of NaF-strengthened coal gangue acid leaching was explored. The results show that the addition of m (NaF): m (coal gangue) = 0.06 can increase the leaching rate of aluminum in coal gangue from 33.72% to 62.03%, and the leaching rate of gallium from 43.17% to 70.15%. NaF as an additive can react with hydrochloric acid to form HF to destroy the coal gangue structure, so that hydrochloric acid can react with metakaolinite inside the quartz accumulation layer, which improves the leaching rate of aluminum and gallium. Finally, the process factors were studied separately to reveal the pattern in response to them, and it was found that the acid leaching reaction was greatly affected by internal diffusion, which provided a reference for the subsequent complexation adsorption of gallium.
研究领域:
冶金工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2023
·
IF 13.6
Haoran Yu,Changmin Liu,Shuo Liu,Yu Gu,Shuya Wang,Ali Yaraş,Linchao Hu,Wenyi Zhang,Mingguo Peng,Hasan Arslanoğlu,Linqiang Mao
Spent petroleum refining catalyst is regarded as the important secondary resource for valuable metals. However, common recycling strategies, including soda roasting, acid and alkaline solutions leaching and chemically precipitation, produced large quantities of high salinity wastewater. This study proposed an efficient method to recovery of Mo and Ni from the spent hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalyst via O 2 -rich roasting and organic acid leaching with the advantage of less salinity wastewater production. The transformation of Mo(IV) into soluble Mo(VI) was enhanced by O 2 -rich atmosphere roasting, and 98.64% of Mo(IV) was oxidized at 650 ℃ for 2 h in atmosphere containing 30% of O 2 . The oxidation process of Mo(IV) was agreed with the shrinkage pore model, and regulated by surface reaction and internal diffusion. 97.97% of Mo(VI) was leached from roasted product by oxalic acid , separated with complexation extraction agent of Ala-TBP and recovered as (NH 4 ) 8 Mo 10 O 34 and (NH 4 ) 2 Mo 3 O 10 by evaporative crystallization. Ni was leached out from spent catalyst with 1 mol/L acetic acid, and precipitated as NiC 2 O 4 with oxalic acid . 95.92% of Mo and 96.77% of Ni were recovered from spent HDS catalyst with this recycling route. This study provided a high-efficient and eco-friendly method to recovery of valuable metals from spent catalyst.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 7.1
Zejia Wu,Jiashu Yuan,Hui Wang,Zaifa Pan,Jie Gao,Yonggao Xia
With the wide application of ternary lithium-ion batteries, the increased usage of batteries has resulted in a corresponding rise in the amount of discarded batteries. Here, we propose an efficient and prioritized lithium extraction process with a low environmental impact for the recovery of valuable metal components from spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode materials. SO2 calcination–water leaching was used to recover Li, while H2SO4 acid leaching facilitated the recovery of Ni, Co, and Mn, yielding a precursor solution for the treatment of discarded NCM batteries. The effects of calcination temperature, calcination time, water leaching time, water leaching liquid–solid ratio, different battery ratios, acid leaching time, acid leaching liquid–solid ratio, and acid leaching temperature were optimized. The acid leaching process was controlled by surface chemical reactions through kinetic analysis. Under optimal conditions, Li was converted to soluble Li2SO4, achieving an impressive leaching rate of 99.7%. Ni, CO, and Mn were converted to their respective oxides. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the formation of Li2Mn(SO4)2 from Mn with Li during calcination enhances the leaching efficiency across different battery composition ratios. The activation energies of Ni, Co, and Mn during the acid leaching process were determined by kinetic calculations, yielding values of 130.19, 133.05, and 134.09 kJ mol–1, respectively. This study provides a novel method for recycling spent NCM cathode materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 5.9
Chen Li,Chuncai Zhou,Wenwen Li,Wenrui Zhu,Jiaqian Shi,Lei Wu,Guijian Liu
Coal fly ash (CFA) is a promising alternative source for critical elements. Most of the critical elements in CFA are associated with the aluminosilicate glassy phase , which hinders their ability to solubilize during acid leaching. In this study, critical elements (Li, Be, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Cs, Hf, Ta, Ga, Ge, Se, Cd, and Tl) were recovered from CFA of Pingwei power plant in China by alkali fusion-organic acid leaching. The results showed that the leaching rate of critical elements after alkali fusion was higher than that of direct organic acid leaching. The leaching rate of total critical elements was 72.56% under the optimal conditions. Among them, the highest leaching rate of Li, Be and Ga was more than 90%, and the highest leaching rate of Ge, Se, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Cd, Cs and Hf was 70%-90%. Characterization analysis revealed that the amorphous aluminosilicate and silica phases in the raw CFA were destroyed by alkali fusion, resulting in nepheline and soluble aluminosilicate phases which were easily dissolved by citric acid . This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for the extraction of critical elements from CFA.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Sustainability
·
2024
·Vol. 16
·期 5
·1945
·
IF 3.3
Zhongming Wu,Jianxin Deng,Tuanwei Zhao,Yang Zhou,Yongfu Kang,Xiangxiang Bai,Fei Hong,Longfei Fu,Gensheng Li,Zhiyi Zhang,Weiming Guan
Rapid economic development and increased demand for mineral products in China have led to extensive extraction of various ores, resulting in significant environmental challenges associated with the generation of industrial solid waste, particularly iron tailings. Despite being a major mining nation, China faces issues of wasteful practices, with substantial amounts of valuable elements lost during the processing of iron ore. This study addresses the urgent need for sustainable solutions by proposing an innovative approach for the recovery of valuable elements from iron tailings. The proposed process involves a sequential application of acid leaching, chemical precipitation, and Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) ion adsorption. The pre-treated iron tailings were leached in HCl solution with pH 1.5 at 70 °C for 2 h, and the co-leaching efficiency of 98.1% V, 98.2% Mo, 99.3% Fe, and 98.7% Mg was obtained. Chemical precipitation is then employed to isolate Fe, Mg V, and Mo and promote the formation of targeted compounds, ensuring concentration and purity. The integration of MOF ion adsorption, known for its high surface area and tunable pore structures, provides an efficient platform for selectively capturing and recovering target ions. 97.7% V and 96.3% Mo were selectively extracted from Zirconium 1,4-carboxybenzene metal-organic framework (UiO-66) adsorption system with pH 5.0 at 30 °C for 6 h, and 91.7% V and 90.3% Mo were selectively extracted from 2-methylimidazole zinc salt metal-organic framework (ZIF-8) adsorption system with pH 5 at 30 °C for 6.0 h. This three-stage process offers an efficient method for the recovery of valuable elements from iron tailings.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2024
·
IF 9.7
Yue Ma,Chao Hu,Yanru Jin,Honggang Zhen,Junhu Wu,Lin Yang
Typical industrial solid waste, red mud, contains significant amounts of ruthenium, an important secondary resource for valuable metals. This study aimed to investigate the efficient leaching of ruthenium from red mud by comparing the leaching efficiency of different inorganic acids. The results indicated phosphoric acid exhibited the highest leaching effect compared to sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid. The influences of leaching temperature, phosphoric acid concentration, leaching time, liquid-solid ratio, and stirring speed on the leaching of ruthenium were examined. Under the conditions of a leaching temperature of 90 °C, a phosphoric acid concentration of 5 mol/L, a leaching time of 6 h, a liquid-solid ratio of 12:1, and a stirring speed of 500 rpm, ruthenium leaching efficiency of 93.53%. SEM-EDS characterization of red mud before and after leaching confirmed that most of the ruthenium is transferred into the liquid phase, while a small portion remains in the leach residue. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectra analyses also revealed significant changes in the mineral structure of red mud during leaching, along with the presence of recoverable iron, aluminum, and calcium in the leach solution. Furthermore, the shrinkage kernel model described the kinetics of ruthenium leaching. The leaching process of ruthenium is primarily governed by chemical reactions at temperatures of 40–60 °C, with an activation energy of 57.36 kJ/mol, as expressed by the kinetic equation 1 − ( 1 − α ) 1 3 = e ( 17.49 − 57360 RT ) × t . At temperatures of 70–90 °C, the leaching process is controlled by chemical reactions and solid film diffusion, with an activation energy of 39.80 kJ/mol, as expressed by the kinetic equation ( 1 / 3 ) ln ( 1 − α ) + [ ( 1 − α ) − 1 3 − 1 ] = e ( 11.22 − 39800 8.314 T ) × t . These findings provide innovative insights into the recovery of ruthenium resources and the comprehensive utilization of red mud.
研究领域:
冶金学
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环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Hao Chen,Yucheng Liu,Xiaowen Zhou,Wenyi Zhang,Peihai Ju,Xiaoyu Zhong,Jiuyang Lin,Yinhua Wan,Xuewei Li
The lutetium has been known to be used in medical imaging materials, but its scarcity in the Earth’s crust makes it expensive. In this work, we present a process for efficient lutetium recovery from the lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate crystals (LYSO) waste. The process involves preliminary mechanical activation, followed by rare earth extraction via acid leaching. The key factors for activation and leaching were studied and optimized. The mechanism of mechanical activation promoting rare earth leaching was revealed by employing the characterizations of morphology and crystal structure of LYSO. It was found that the mechanical activation process could destroy the crystal structure of LYSO waste, forming numerous amorphous phases and grain boundaries, which facilitated the breaking of existing bonds and mass transfer of acid. It was also discovered that the formation of silica gel during leaching impedes the leaching of rare earth, and low concentrations of hydrochloric acid, combined with stirring during acid leaching, could reduce the impact of silica gel. Ultimately, following a mechanical activation pretreatment at 300 rpm for 90 min, 98.7 % of lutetium could be leached after 60 min of acid leaching in 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid. This process addresses the problems associated with high energy consumption and excessive usage of acidic and alkaline reagents in conventional recycling techniques. Compared to conventional methods, the mechanical activation-acid leaching method has a minimum economic benefit improvement of 20.8 % in the process of recovery from LYSO waste. It offers an alternative and more energy-efficient and economical recycling route for waste scintillation crystals.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Hanjun Wu,Lan Hu,Zhenyue Zhang,Wenda Guo,Wendou Chen,Junxia Yu,Guoqing Feng,Ruan Chi,Zhiquan Pan
In this study, a novel trihydroxyl functionalized titanium dioxide (TiO 2 -NH 2 -3OH) was successfully synthesized by the Schiff base reaction method. TiO 2 -NH 2 -3OH was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray diffraction techniques (XRD), and further applied to recover germanium (Ge(IV)) from coal acid leaching solution. TiO 2 -NH 2 -3OH exhibited superior capture performance on Ge(IV) at a pH of 3, and the optimal TiO 2 -NH 2 -3OH dosages were 0.8 g L −1 . The distribution coefficients of germanium for coexisting metal ions (Zn 2+ , Co 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ and Al 3+ ) were all greater than 1, indicating that TiO 2 -NH 2 -3OH had good selective adsorption performance for Ge(IV) in complex solution environments. Compared with other kinetic models, pseudo-second-order model was more suitable to reveal the absorption of Ge(IV). Moreover, the experiment data were fitted better with Langmuir model at 298 K than the other isothermal models, and the maximum adsorption capacity was up to 72.94 mg g −1 . Thermodynamic data suggesting that the capture of Ge(IV) on TiO 2 -NH 2 -3OH was a spontaneous endothermic process, increasing the temperature was beneficial for the adsorption reaction to proceed. TiO 2 -NH 2 -3OH with saturated adsorption still maintained a high removal rate of 80.55 % of Ge(IV) after five cycles, indicating good stability and recyclability of TiO 2 -NH 2 -3OH. XPS analysis indicated that the capture of germanium by TiO 2 -NH 2 -3OH may be due to the ion exchange interaction between -OH and Ge(OH) 4 on the adsorbent surface. This work indicated that TiO 2 -NH 2 -3OH had great advantages and potential for the recovery of Ge(IV) from coal acid leaching solution.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
·
2019
·Vol. 322
·期 2
·597-604
·
IF 1.186
Wang Peiwen,Hu Eming,Wang Qingliang,Lei Zhiwu,Wang Hongqiang,Zhang Yan,Hou Wei,Zhang Rui
Both uranium and beryllium are very important strategic metals and have been applied to many fields, such as nuclear industries, atomic energy, metallurgical industries and telecommunications industries. When uranium and beryllium in the ore were leached simultaneously, a complicated downstream separation process was needed. Based on the different chemical stabilities of uranium and beryllium, an acid leaching method was employed in this work to selectively extract uranium from uranium–beryllium ore. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, liquid–solid ratio and leaching time on the leaching efficiency were studied experimentally. Results indicated that treatment of the ores in 0.2 M sulfuric acid at 348.5 K for 50 min with the solid–liquid ratio of 0.25 g/mL is optimum. Under optimal conditions, the leaching efficiencies of uranium is 97.4% and the leaching efficiencies of beryllium is 1.78%, and the standard deviation of them are less than 2% and 0.06%, respectively. Results of kinetic study suggest that the leaching process of uranium was thermodynamically favorable and was controlled by the diffusion of the product layer, whereas the rate-determining step for beryllium leaching is the surface chemical reaction.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
核能工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOM
·
2023
·Vol. 76
·期 3
·1467-1476
·
IF 2.6
Xia Chengcheng,Liu Zhanwei,Yan Hengwei,Liu Qiang,Li Mengnan,Lan Jinghao
Spent anodes (butts) are the remaining portion of prebaked anodes after consumption, which are reintroduced into the production of prebaked anodes after treatment. Among these residues, the main harmful element, sodium, tends to accumulate with the repeated recycling of the butts. This accumulation increases the air reactivity of prebaked anodes and consequently reduces their quality. In this study, aluminum sulfate hydrothermal acid leaching was used to remove sodium from the butts. The effects of leaching temperature, Al 3+ concentration, leaching time, and liquid-to-solid ratio on the removal of sodium from the butts were investigated. The sodium removal rate reached 99.42% at a leaching temperature of 90°C, an Al 3+ concentration of 1.5 mol/L, a leaching time of 2.5 h, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 25 mL/g. This method significantly reduced the sodium content in the butts, offering a new approach for the high-quality recovery of the butts.
研究领域:
冶金工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
·
2025
·
IF 4.4
Wei Yang,Cong Cong Wang,Lingjun Wang,Li Bao,Fan Yang,Shengji Wu,Lei Che
The hydrolysis mechanism of ball milled bamboo impregnated with deionized water (B-ball), H 2 SO 4 (B-H 2 SO 4 ), HCl (B-HCl) and CH 3 COOH (B-CH 3 COOH) in subcritical water was investigated in the present study. Various mechanochemical reactions were induced during acid-associated mechanical milling and bamboo with improved solubility, reduced thermal stability and solubility was obtained. Acid-associated mechanical treatment also significantly affected the hydrolysis behavior of bamboo in subcritical water. The hydrolysis kinetics of pretreated bamboo could be well expressed by the Coats-Redfern method. The acid strength dominated the hydrolysis of bamboo during ball milling and subcritical water treatment. H 2 SO 4 and HCl possessed the highest ability to dissociate the glycosidic bond and holocellulose-lignin chemical linkages. The above ability, together with their catalytic effects resulted in the lower activation energies required to initiate the hydrolysis of B-H 2 SO 4 (38.87 kJ mol −1 ) and B-HCl (38.23 kJ mol −1 ) compared with those of raw bamboo (74.34 kJ mol −1 ), B-ball (104.42 kJ mol −1 ) and B-CH 3 COOH (90.65 kJ mol −1 ) in subcritical water. The cleavage of holocellulose-lignin chemical linkages liberated the polycondensation of monomer and hydrolysable oligomers from holocellulose for glucose char and aromatic-linked polymer char production, leading to the increase of solid residue yield at elevated reaction temperature. It also promoted the glycosidic bond cleavage and ring scission reactions during hydrolysis in subcritical water, resulting in the improved yields of carbohydrate, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural.
研究领域:
林业科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）