INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Qinglin Zeng,Bochao Xu,Zepeng Lv,Shaolong Li,Jilin He,Jianxun Song
This study demonstrates the synthesis of a NbC x O y solid solution through carbothermic reduction and the subsequent extraction of metallic niobium through molten salt electrolysis. Thermodynamic analysis and carbothermic reduction were conducted to determine the optimal conditions for synthesizing the NbC x O y solid solution at different compositions, enabling precise control over their composition. Furthermore, metallic niobium was produced via the molten salt electrolysis of the selected NbC x O y solid solution for 16 h at 2.9 V in the NaCl–KCl eutectic molten salt at 750 °C.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2022
·
IF 9.224
Shujie Tang,Mei Zhang,Min Guo
A new type of deep-eutectic solvents (DESs), consisting of ethylene glycol (EG) and sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate (SAD), were designed for efficient leaching valuable metals from cathode active materials (LiCoO2 and Li14.8Ni1.7Co8.5MnO30.5) of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for the first time. The as-prepared DESs possessed strong coordination ability and low viscosity, which were suitable for metal extraction. The influences of experiment parameters on extraction of Co and Li were systematically investigated, and the leaching mechanism and kinetics were elucidated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Co and Li from pure LiCoO2 reached 93.5% and 98.3%, while those of Co, Ni, Mn, and Li achieved 94.8%, 99.1%, 100%, and 100% from the spent Li14.8Ni1.7Co8.5MnO30.5, respectively. Results revealed that the Li+ ions located in the interlayer of layered LiCoO2 were replaced by H+ ions and entered into solution, while Co3+ ions in the skeleton structure were reduced and coordinated by EG and sulfosalicylic acid (SA) to form four soluble Co2+–SA complexes, realizing synergistic and efficient leaching of Li and Co from the LIB cathode active material. Moreover, Co and Li leaching kinetics conformed to the shrinking core model, in which the interfacial chemical reaction was the limiting step, and the apparent activation energies were separately about 77.38 and 79.54 kJ/mol.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
·
2022
·Vol. 119
·期 31
·e2202884119
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IF 12.779
Jiakang Qu,Xiang Chen,Hongwei Xie,Shuaibo Gao,Dihua Wang,Huayi Yin
Traditional sulfide metallurgy produces harmful sulfur dioxide and is energy intensive. To this end, we develop an anode electrolysis approach in molten salt by which sulfide is electrochemically split into sulfur gas at a graphite inert anode while releasing metal ions that diffuse toward and are deposited at the cathode. The anodic splitting dictates the “sulfide-to-metal ion and sulfur gas” conversion that makes the reaction recur continuously. Using this approach, Cu2S is converted to sulfur gas and Cu in molten LiCl-KCl at 500 °C with a current efficiency of 99% and energy consumption of 0.420 kWh/kg−Cu (only considering the electricity for electrolysis). Besides Cu2S, the anode electrolysis can extract Cu from Cu matte that is an intermediate product from the traditional sulfide smelting process. More broadly, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Sb are extracted from FeS, CuFeS2, NiS, PbS, and Sb2S3, providing a general electrochemical method for sulfide metallurgy.
研究领域:
冶金学
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电化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 8.6
Yaxing Han,Ji Chen,Hailian Li,Yuefeng Deng
Effective recycling of valuable metals from the spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is of great importance from the perspective of resource recycling and environmental conservation. In this work, a comprehensive recovery process of impurities removal and valuable metals co-extraction from simulated leaching solution of spent LIBs with CA12-TBP system was investigated. Firstly, more than 99.7% of Al, Fe and Cu were removed by co-extraction with 30 vol% CA12 (25% saponification degree) and 20 vol% TBP after three-stage extraction. The Ni, Co and Mn lost in the organic phase were decreased to 0.18%, 0.09% and 0.06% by single-stage scrubbing. Then, Fe, Cu and Al loaded in organic phase were completely stripped by 0.5 mol/L H 2 SO 4 and 0.01 mol/L Na 2 SO 3 through a four-stage stripping. After impurities removal, more than 99.9% of Ni, Co and Mn in the raffinate solution were selectively co-extracted with 30 vol% CA12 (60% saponification degree) and 15 vol% TBP after a three-stage extraction, and 7.88% of Li was co-extracted. Then, after a four-stage scrubbing experiment, only 0.52% of Li was lost in the loaded organic phase, which demonstrated that our system possesses the potential of efficient recovery of Ni, Co and Mn from the spent LIBs. Further, Ni, Co and Mn loaded in the organic were completely stripped with 1 mol/L sulfuric acid, and could be directly used for the preparation of the recycled ternary material precursors. Finally, Li in the raffinate solution was recovered by precipitation using Na 2 CO 3 , with the yield and purity of 96.4% and 99.6%. Overall, this recycling process with high impurity removal efficiency and valuable metals recovery efficiency not only simplify the production process, but also greatly reduces production costs, which is helpful for the regeneration and utilization of spent LIBs.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2017
·Vol. 5
·期 38
·20448-20457
·
IF 8.867
Yufeng Wu,Jinxin Wei,Siyi Guo,Kaixin Yu,Zanyong Zhuang,Yan Yu
Utilizing biowaste shells (>95 wt% CaCO3) in chemical synthesis can both remediate environmental pollution and produce novel functional materials. Nonetheless, syntheses of nanomaterials from solid matter such as bio-shells are still rare. Herein, we for the first time reported the synthesis of a 0D/2D nanostructure, i.e., Ca(OH)2 nanosheets decorated with Mn3O4 quantum dots, from bio-shells in a green manner. Specifically, eggshells were calcined to form porous CaO that inherited a hierarchical framework from the source shell. The shell-derived CaO was then stirred together with KMnO4 in anhydrous ethanol at room temperature to generate the 0D/2D Ca(OH)2/Mn3O4 nanostructure (denoted as the Mn–Ca composite), in which Mn3O4 quantum dots were evenly dispersed on thin Ca(OH)2 nanosheets. Mechanism studies revealed that a trace amount of H2O released from the redox reaction between KMnO4 and ethanol regulated the slow hydrolysis and exfoliation of Ca(OH)2 nanosheets from the CaO framework. At the same time, the redox reaction generated Mn3O4 quantum dots that were deposited in situ on the Ca(OH)2 nanosheets, i.e., only where H2O was liberated and the hydrolysis of CaO took place. This mechanism allowed the uniform dispersion of Mn3O4 on the newly formed Ca(OH)2 nanosheets. Thanks to its unique 0D/2D structure, this Mn–Ca composite could highly efficiently extract trace-level Pb(II) from synthetic wastewater and outperformed many other Mn-based nanomaterials prepared purely from chemical reagents. This 0D/2D Mn–Ca composite possessed a high capacity for Pb removal (up to 1580 mg g−1 when the initial Pb(II) concentration was 1 g L−1), and it could also scavenge various other heavy metal ions such as Cu(II), Cd(II), Eu(III), Co(II), and Ag(I). Other biowaste shells such as oyster shells and clam shells also successfully produced a functional nanomaterial via the presented methodology. The current findings open a new way for biowaste recycling and may inspire the design of novel nanomaterials.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Jinzhao Guan,Ming Lin,Zhiliang Tan,Yu-jun Li,Xingkai Duan,Shifang Ma,Yang Wang,Zhongning Shi,Hui Dong
Mars is a long-term target for human exploration in the future. On the basis of the demands of space exploration and in situ resource utilization, Martian soil simulant NEU Mars-1 was applied for metal extraction and oxygen preparation in 50.9 wt% KF-49.1 wt% AlF 3 molten salt at 750 °C, and the dissolution and electroreduction behaviors of Martian soil simulants were studied via the isothermal saturation method and electrochemical techniques, respectively. The results revealed that the concentrations of SiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and TiO 2 in the molten salt reached 6.09 %, 0.25 %, and 0.17 %, respectively, when the dissolution was in equilibrium. The reduction processes of various ions in Martian soil simulants were as follows: Fe(III) was first reduced to Fe(II) and Fe, Si(IV) was reduced to Si(II), and Fe(II) was reduced to Fe, and finally, Al and Si were codeposited. NEU Mars-1 was electrolyzed with an Fe-Ni anode and liquid Al as the cathode in molten salt. The purity of the anode gas O 2 was 95.41 %, whereas an Al-Si-Fe-Ti alloy containing 12.13 wt% Si, 3.00 wt% Fe and 0.17 wt% Ti was obtained at the cathode.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
空间探索
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2022
·
IF 9.224
Shujie Tang,Jiali Feng,Runchang Su,Mei Zhang,Min Guo
A novel bifunctional deep-eutectic solvent (DES) based on glycol (EG) and oxalic acid dihydrate (OAD) was designed for efficient and selective extraction of valuable metals from spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) cathode active materials (LiCoO2 or Li14.8Ni1.7Co8.5MnO30.5) under mild conditions, realizing complete in situ separation of Li and Co/Ni/Mn. The effects of different experimental parameters on Li and Co extraction efficiencies (ηLi, ηCo) were explored by orthogonal and single-factor experiments in detail. Under the optimal conditions (90 °C, 5EG:1OAD, 12 h, 16 g/L), nearly 94.4 and 94.1% of Li, as well as trace amounts of Co/Ni/Mn (<1.2%), were separately leached from LiCoO2 and Li14.8Ni1.7Co8.5MnO30.5 into the filtrate, while the oxalate dihydrates (CoC2O4·2H2O or (Ni, Co, Mn)C2O4·2H2O) with nanorod structures were achieved. The specific leaching mechanism was elucidated. Moreover, the lithium oxalate (Li2C2O4) with irregular particle morphology was also obtained by evaporating the filtrate at 200 °C. The reusability of the as-prepared DES (5EG:1OAD) for the LIBs was also studied. After three cycles of DES leaching, the ηLi could still reach more than 93%, while almost all Co was remained in the solid phase. This study may shed light on developing bifunctional or even multifunctional DESs to achieve highly selective extraction of metals from LIBs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 12.2
Deshou Wang,Yumeng Liang,Yong Zeng,Chang Liu,Chun Zhan,Peng Chen,Shaoxian Song,Feifei Jia
The recycling of electronic waste, i.e ., waste Printed Circuit Boards (WPCBs), provides substantial environmental and economic advantages. In fact, the concentration of valuable precious and base metals in WPCBs is even higher compared to those found in mined ores. Nevertheless, it is still challenging to selectively extract precious metals with low concentrations from the pregnant leaching solution, due to the co-deposition of base metals, like Cu, which have higher concentrations. In this research, stepwise recovery of precious metals and copper directly from WPCBs thiosulfate leaching solution was facilitated by the Ti cathode coated with MoS 2 (MoS 2 /Ti). The in-situ enrichment of Au(S 2 O 3 ) 2 3- and Ag(S 2 O 3 ) 2 3- at the surface of MoS 2 enables the high efficiency and selectivity of electrodeposition , which has been confirmed through COMSOL Multiphysics simulations and visualization. As a result, the first-step electrodeposition at 0.6 V recovered 92.44 % Au and 98.18 % Ag without any co-deposition of Cu. Subsequently, the second-step recovery employed a constant current of 0.03 A, achieving 100 % recovery of copper within 12 h. Furthermore, this study optimized the reduction potential, NH 3 ·H 2 O concentration, and S 2 O 3 2- concentration for the stepwise electrodeposition process. These findings provide valuable insights for establishing a closed loop circular economy in the electronics industry.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2023
·
IF 6
Jing Gao,Baoguo Zhang,Fu-an Guo,Yubao Liu,Jianying Zhao,Zhongning Shi,Xiangfa Liu
Developing efficient, green, and cost-effective methods for extracting rare earth (RE) metals is essential to accelerate breakthroughs in critical technologies in the field of RE-based functional materials. In this study, a low-cost aprotic polar molecular liquid, N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), was used for electrowinning metallic Sm with upstream SmCl 3 as the raw material, inspired by previous applications of diverse specialised ionic liquids for the electrochemical recovery of RE metals. Cyclic voltammetry and electrodeposition experiments demonstrated that metallic Sm cannot be obtained from the binary DMF-SmCl 3 system, but can be electrodeposited with LiNO 3 . Therefore, the mechanism underlying the observed electrochemical behaviour is elucidated and discussed in detail. Sm and Sm–Co metallic elements were successfully electrodeposited on an Al substrate at a relatively high current density, characterised, and evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Moreover, a unique two-step method involving electrodeposition and direct smelting is prospectively described for the continuous preparation of bulk RE-containing alloys to stabilise highly active RE elements. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights into practical solvometallurgical processes for RE metal extraction, refinement, and recycling.
研究领域:
冶金学
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材料科学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOM
·
2020
·Vol. 72
·期 11
·3806-3811
·
IF 2.054
Li Min,Li Ying
In this work, we report an electrochemical route to directly reduce solid lead oxide (PbO) to lead in an acetamide-1-methylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate (acetamide-MIMTfO) low-temperature molten salt. A cyclic voltammogram recorded using a graphite cavity electrode filled with PbO powder reveals that solid PbO can be directly electrochemically reduced to lead. Constant voltage electrolysis experiments with a PbO pellet cathode and a high-purity graphite anode were performed under different constant voltages (2.2–2.8 V) and at 343 K for different durations (2–6 h). XRD patterns of the electrolysis products confirm that the PbO pellet can be thoroughly reduced to lead after 6 h electrolysis. The present electrochemical route and acetamide-MIMTfO low-temperature molten salt can be used for extracting metals from their oxides at room temperature.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ChemElectroChem
·
2018
·Vol. 5
·期 22
·3368-3372
·
IF 4.446
Baoguo Zhang,Yu Yao,Zhongning Shi,Junli Xu,Zhaowen Wang
Low-temperature electrochemical extraction of active metals from their corresponding chlorides in ionic liquids has long been a scientific challenge, while extraction from oxides is even more difficult. Inspired by previous reports of the electrochemical deposition of various non-active metals from their corresponding oxides in diverse ionic liquids, we demonstrate the successful electrodeposition of active Li on high-purity Al-plate substrates at relatively low temperature (353 K), as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, Al−Li alloy nanosheets can also be obtained on the Al surface by solid-state cathode alloying. The Li source was Li 2 O, which was dissolved in a highly stable Al-containing solvate ionic liquid. The dissolution mechanism and electrodeposition behaviour of Li 2 O were investigated using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, theoretical calculations, and electrochemical techniques. The findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis and method for low-temperature electrochemical extraction of active metals from their oxides. Graphical Active metal extraction : Li 2 O is employed as the precursor for Li extraction and dissolved in an electrochemically stabilized Al-containing solvate ionic liquid. Direct electrochemical deposition of Li from Li 2 O is achieved at a relatively low temperature. Al−Li alloy nanosheets can also be obtained on the Al surface. The dissolution mechanism provides guidance for identifying species with stronger Lewis acidity to combine with other active metal oxides.
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
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离子液体
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金属提取
·
能源材料
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）