METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
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2022
·Vol. 53
·期 1
·617-626
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IF 2.872
Fu Yingzheng,Zhang Zhimin,Lu Xuchen,Pan Binfeng,Zhang Lipeng
A new approach that was designed to prepare Mg–Nd binary alloys via molten-salt-mediated magnesiothermic reduction by using Nd 2 O 3 and Mg metal as raw materials was presented. The overall approach was based on a chemical pathway that synergistically integrated a series of simple steps to produce Mg–Nd alloys that could meet the requirement of Nd content in commercial Nd-containing magnesium alloys. The key steps included preparation of NdCl 3 -containing molten salt, the reduction of NdCl 3 by Mg in molten salt, and the removal of MgCl 2 from molten salt. The results showed that this approach could indeed prepare Mg–(6 to 18) weight percent Nd binary alloys, and the remaining molten salt could be recycled after being treated with NdF 3 . When other parameters were fixed, the Nd content in alloy could be adjusted only by adjusting the concentration of NdCl 3 and MgCl 2 in molten salt. Besides, a decrease in temperature or an increase in the mass ratio of molten salt to Mg could further increase the Nd content in alloy when other conditions were fixed.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
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高影响因子
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
·
2017
·Vol. 48
·期 5
·2535-2542
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IF 1.642
Zhang Zhong-Lin,Zhou Lin-Zong,Ji De-Bin,Yan Yong-De,Hong Wei,Liu Yu-Hui,Wang Pu,Yin Tai-Qi,Zheng Jia-Ning,Xue Yun,Ye Yuan-Feng
Electrochemical behavior of Nd was studied in NaCl-KCl melt on W and Cu electrodes via cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. Generally, the reduction of Nd 3+ takes place in two consecutive steps in molten chlorides, such as LiCl-CaCl 2 , LiCl-BaCl 2 , CaCl 2 -NaCl, LiCl-KCl melts. However, the reduction of Nd 3+ ions was found to be through a one-step process: Nd 3+ + 3e − → Nd. The co-reduction behavior of Nd 3+ and Cu 2+ ions and the mechanisms of alloy formation were investigated in NaCl-KCl melt on W electrodes at 988 K (715 °C). Four potential plateaus corresponding to four different kinds of Cu-Nd intermetallic compounds were detected. Cu-Nd alloys were prepared on Cu electrodes at 988 K (715 °C) and 1143 K (870 °C). At 988 K (715 °C), Cu 5 Nd phase was identified by X-ray diffraction. The morphology and micro-zone chemical analysis of the alloys were characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectrometry. The alloy film was observed on the Cu electrodes. Moreover, at 1143 K (870 °C), a globate bulk Cu-Nd alloy with Cu 5 Nd, Cu 4 Nd, Cu 2 Nd, CuNd, and Cu phases, as liquid in the melt, was obtained at the bottom of the crucible.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
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2021
·
IF 3.712
He Sun,Tuoyao Wang,Chengxiang Li,Yusheng Yang
Ultrafine NdFeB waste is a relatively clean waste produced during NdFeB magnet processing. Fluorine-containing wastewater is a common type of industrial wastewater, such as stainless steel pickling wastewater. In this work, rare earth element neodynium was recycled from ultrafine NdFeB waste by capturing fluorine ions in the fluorine-containing wastewater and prepared into neodynium oxyfluoride. The reaction process was investigated through UV-Vis-NIR, thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The neodymium hydroxide in the ultrafine NdFeB waste reacted with fluorine ions to form Nd(OH) 2 F, and Nd(OH) 2 F was then transformed into neodymium oxyfluoride after decomposition. The formed neodymium oxyfluoride is found to be particles with rhombohedral structure and a particle size of around 50 nm. The reaction kinetics of forming Nd(OH) 2 F was investigated. The reaction kinetic equation was established and the reaction activation energy was calculated. The effect of fluorine ion concentration on the reaction rate and products was evaluated. The results show that the reaction rate increases with the increase of fluorine ion concentration in the range of 0.01 – 1.5 mol/L, but it has little effect. In addition, the fluorine ion concentration affects the crystallinity of formed neodymium oxyfluoride. The recycling process not only realizes the sustainable utilization of rare earths, but also reduces the concentration of fluorine ions in the fluorine-containing wastewater, achieving two goals with one stone.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Yucheng Liu,Qian Xu,Fuping Li,Fan Yu,Zijian Yu,Kaibo Hu,Hao Chen,Xuewei Li,Chonggang Wang,Dong Han Seo,Ming Xie,Sotto Arcadio,Jiuyang Lin,Youming Yang,Yinhua Wan
Rare earth elements (REEs) are commonly categorized into light (LREEs), medium (MREEs), and heavy (HREEs) groups. Separation between LREEs and MREEs or MREEs is relatively straightforward. However, isolating LREEs themselves is particularly challenging because of their similar ionic radii and identical charges. Traditional separation processes are hindered by drawbacks including low recovery rates for dilute REEs, poor selectivity, complex protocols, and environmental pollution. Consequently, developing a cleaner and more efficient method for LREEs separation is imperative. In this study, we employed a single-module hollow fiber supported liquid membrane (HFSLM) system with 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507) as an extractant to concurrently extract and strip La 3+ and Nd 3+ from the mixed LREEs containing solutions. We also investigated the impact of flow rate, stripping solution acidity, feed solution pH, P507 concentration, Nd 3+ concentration of feed solution, and the volume ratio between the feed and stripping solutions influence the extraction and stripping of LREEs, as well as the molar fractions of La 3+ and Nd 3+ in the solutions. Under optimal condition, the molar fraction of La 3+ was 99.0% in the feed solution, whereas the molar fraction of Nd 3+ reached 91.6% in the stripping solution. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrated a consistent preference of P507-HFSLM system for extracting Nd 3+ over La 3+ , and the underlying mechanism was thoroughly investigated. In summary, this study offers comprehensive insights and technical approaches for selective separation and purification of LREEs.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
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2023
·
IF 6
Zhenyu Zhang,Juan Liu,Ting Li,Zhikai Fu,Jinshui Mao,Xiaocheng Li,Sili Ren
Recycling of Nd(III) and Dy(III) from waste NdFeB magnets is increasingly critical in the sustainable development of rare-earth elements (REEs) industry. The efficient separation of Nd(III) and Dy(III) from conventional aqueous solution by solvent extraction (SX) is facing huge challenge due to the high activity, high interfacial tension and the high dielectric constants of water that affect the coordination of REEs with the extractant. Herein, a novel non-aqueous solvent extraction (NASX) system based on neutral extractant P350 was developed to extract Nd(III) and Dy(III) with high extraction efficiency and separation factor. In this extraction system, the majority of water in the aqueous phase was replaced by different low-dielectric-constant polar molecular organic solvents (PMOSs) to reduce the influence of water during extraction. The effect of the type and content of PMOSs, P350 concentration, extract equilibration time and temperature on the separation performance were systematically investigated. It was encouraging to find that the favorable separation factor of Nd(III) and Dy(III) elements ( β Nd/Dy ) was determined to be 201 when extracted from 70 vol% PEG 200 with 0.2 mol/L P350, which was higher than that in traditional extraction from aqueous phase. Slope analysis method was used to determine the extractant stoichiometry and the main species of extraction complex was identified as DyCl 3 ·2L which was verified by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, in the simulation of recovery of NdFeB magnetic immersion solution experiment, the extraction efficiency (E%) of Dy(III) can reach 85 %, while co-extraction of Nd(III) was only 6 % and the β Dy/Nd was as high as 83.4. According to the McCabe-Thiele diagram, 3-stages counter-current solvent extraction was needed to completely extract Dy(III). Moreover, 97.11 % of Nd(III) and 98.5 % of Dy(III) in the loaded organic phase can be sequentially stripped by 0.04 mol/L and 0.4 mol/L HCl, respectively. These results indicated that the developed processes in this work have superior extraction efficiency, large separation factors and excellent stripping stability. Eventually, a P350-PEG 200 extraction system-based separation process was proposed in the hope of providing a novel and low-cost alternative to the efficient recycle of Nd(III) and Dy(III) from end-of-life NdFeB.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
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2023
·Vol. 34
·期 12
·1-16
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IF 2.8
Wang Fenglin,Mao Haijun,Chen Xingyu,Li Wei,Liu Zhuofeng,Zhang Weijun,Bai Shuxin
In this work, A -site Nd doped BaTiO 3 ceramics in the form of Ba 1− x Nd 2 x /3 TiO 3 with a wide substitution level range of x = 0–0.2 have been prepared via solid-state reaction method. Powder X-ray diffraction results reveal that Nd is completely incorporated into the BaTiO 3 lattice in all specimens. Further analyses based on Rietveld refinement suggest that tetragonal and pseudo-cubic phases coexist in Ba 1− x Nd 2 x /3 TiO 3 ceramics with x ≤ 0.06, and the amount of tetragonal phase is raised with the increase of x value. When x value is larger than 0.08, only pseudo-cubic is observed. The generated \(V^{\prime\prime}_{{{\text{Ba}}}}\) , \({\text{Nd}}_{{{\text{Ba}}}}^{\cdot }\) and \(V_{{\text{O}}}^{{\cdot \cdot }}\) defects, which are identified by X-ray photoelectron spectra, make the grain size displays a tendency of decrease first mainly due to the pining effect, and then increase ascribed to the accelerate of mass diffuse. By introducing such wide range of substitution level, Ba 1− x Nd 2 x /3 TiO 3 ceramics with colossal dielectric constant ( x = 0.08), temperature-stable dielectric properties ( x = 0.15), especially relaxor behavior ( x = 0.20) noticed for the first time, are, respectively, received, which is closely related to the variation of phases and defects induced by the addition of Nd. This study may provide a special idea to modify BaTiO 3 to satisfy diversified applications by single element with a wide doping range, and could lay the foundation of future works focusing on the various potential applications of Ba 1− x Nd 2 x /3 TiO 3 ceramics.
研究领域:
材料科学
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物理学
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DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
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2024
·
IF 5.5
Jianru Li,Cunying Xu,Guilin Xiang,Wenkang Chen,Daiyun Gu,Qibo Zhang,Yixin Hua,Yan Li
The electrodeposition of neodymium (Nd) in a novel analogous ionic liquid (AIL), phenyltrimethylammonium chloride-ethylene glycol (TMPAC-EG), was investigated. The existence form and the electrochemical behavior of Nd(III) in TMPAC-EG were studied using spectroscopic, cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry analyses. The spectroscopic analyses indicates that Nd 3+ interact with Cl − and EG to form complexes [Nd(EG) 6-y Cl y ] 3-y as NdCl 3 dissolves in TMPAC-EG IL. Cyclic voltammograms reveals that the overpotential for Nd electrodeposition in TMPAC-EG IL decreases with the rise of the temperature. The diffusion coefficient of Nd(III) ions is calculated to about 10 −12 m 2 s −1 . The diffusion activation energy for Nd(III) ions is determined to be 22.8 kJ mol −1 from the temperature dependence of diffusion coefficient. The transient analysis indicates that initial nucleation behavior of Nd conforms to the three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation and growth model, which are largely independent of temperature. In addition, deposition temperature and deposition potential are found to have a great influence on the nucleation and growth kinetics of Nd electrodeposition. Depending on the temperature and potential of electrodeposition, metallic neodymium with caterpillar-shape, nodule, layered rock, or porous structures was obtained.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2024
·
IF 8.1
Qing Liu,Huifang Xing,Yan Zhang,Yunze Zhao,Meng Rong,Huizhou Liu,Liangrong Yang
The metatitanic acid H 2 TiO 3 (HTO) with high selectivity shows potential in lithium extraction from salt lake brine. Nevertheless, the sluggish adsorption kinetics and unsatisfying actual adsorption capacity hinder H 2 TiO 3 industrial application. Herein, a rare earth element Nd-doped H 2 TiO 3 (Nd-HTO-1 %) was synthesized. The crystallinity, morphology, hydrophilicity, adsorption property and mechanism of Nd-HTO-1 % were systematically characterized by a series of techniques. Interestingly, Nd-doping promotes the generation of oxygen vacancies, thereby increasing the density of surface hydroxyl groups and making the surface high-hydrophilic and particle size decreased. After 1 % Nd-doping, high-hydrophilic HTO was obtained with a contact angle of 16.5°. The adsorption capacity of Nd-HTO-1 % increased by 12.5 % compared with HTO, and the equilibrium time of adsorption reduced by half to 4 h. After eight cycles, Nd-HTO-1 % still showed a considerable adsorption capacity of 39.69 mg·g −1 . In the meantime, the dissolution loss of titanium is merely 0.14 %, showing excellent cycling stability. Combined with the considerable selectivity exhibiting in Qarhan salt lake brine, it demonstrates potential in utilization of Nd-doped H 2 TiO 3 for lithium extraction from salt lake brine.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES
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2022
·Vol. 134
·期 3
·1-11
·
IF 2.15
LIU XIAOJUAN,LI MINGMING,YANG SHUMING,YANG YAYA,NIE JIANG,XUE YUBING,OUYANG YINGGEN,XIAO SONGTAO
The increasing demand for neodymium (III) and samarium (III) due to their extensive high-tech applications has drawn much attention to their recovery. In this work, the copper-based metal-organic framework HKUST-1 was prepared and used for the adsorption of neodymium (III) and samarium (III) in the media of an aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of the material for neodymium (III) and samarium (III) was 284.11 and 503.45 mg g −1 at a pH of 5.5, respectively. The adsorption removal rate could achieve nearly 100% at the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1.0 g L −1 , which is relatively excellent among such adsorbents used for rare earth elements uptake. The mechanism and reversibility of neodymium (III) and samarium (III) adsorption were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, suggesting that the mechanism for the adsorption was ion exchange and complexation between trivalent rare-earth ions and the oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group. The reason behind the material displaying a more robust affinity for samarium (III) may be caused by the energy difference between f n and f n+1 states of samarium (III) was larger than that of neodymium (III), thus forming stronger covalent bonding. Graphical abstract HKUST-1 exhibited high adsorption capacity towards Nd (III) and Sm (III). The reason behind the material displaying a more robust affinity for Sm(III) was caused by that the energy difference between f n and f n+1 states of Sm(III) was larger than that of Nd(III), thus forming stronger covalent bonding.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
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2022
·
IF 4.632
Zhixiong Song,Jizhen Liu,Liyan Xue,Zhengming Jiang,Fan Yang
In this work, neodymium (Nd) and samarium (Sm) codoped lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics were prepared by a high-temperature solid-state method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and ferroelectric analysis. Rare earth-doped PLZT ceramics show good phase formation. An appropriate rare earth element doping amount increases the densities of PLZT ceramics and reduces their resistivities, which is due to the role of rare earth elements in grain refinement. However, the increase in the amount of grain boundaries caused by grain refinement also affects domain inversion. Therefore, with increasing doping concentration, the remnant polarization of PLZT gradually decreases, and the doping of rare earth elements also slightly reduces the band gap of PLZT. Under irradiation with an X-ray simulated beta source with a particle energy of 10 keV (between the average energies of the beta particles of 3 H and 63 Ni), the ceramic sheets in this work produce current densities of up to 1.38 nA/cm 2 . This indicates that Nd and Sm codoped PLZT ceramics have a certain potential for application in betavoltaic batteries .
研究领域:
材料科学
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核能工程
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高影响因子
MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Xiayu Liang,Qingle Zeng
Based on the Hard-Soft-Acid-Base theory, we developed and synthesized a unique crystalline adsorbent called MIL-101(Cr)-SMA-ED-PMG (SMA: styrene maleic anhydride; ED: ethylenediamine; PMG: N,N -di(phosphonomethyl)glycine). This adsorbent consists of polymer chains that are abundant in carboxyl and phosphate Lewis hard base groups. This was performed to enhance the efficient recuperation of electrophilic Lewis hard acid rare earth elements . The Neodymium(III) (Nd 3+ ) and Europium(III) (Eu 3+) ions reached adsorption equilibrium in the MIL-101(Cr)-SMA-ED-PMG material after 6 h at pH 5. The adsorption of Nd 3+ and Eu 3+ follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models. The maximum adsorption capabilities were 102.7 mg/g for Nd 3+ and 110.4 mg/g for Eu 3+ . In addition, when applying a concentration of 0.3 mol/L of HNO 3 or HCl, the adsorbent was nearly completely desorbed, and it remained stable for five cycles. The order of adsorption for the different REE ions was as follows: Eu 3+ > Nd 3+ > Ce 3+ > La 3+ . The MIL-101(Cr)-SMA-ED-PMG compound demonstrated a remarkable 84 % selectivity in adsorbing Eu 3+ compared to the other metal ions in the mixture (Na + , Mg 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , and Zn 2+ ). Furthermore, the adsorption of Eu 3+ was not significantly influenced by changes in the aqueous conditions. The experiment conducted on a zinc ore simulated leachate exhibited the material remarkable capacity for Eu 3+ separation and enrichment. MIL-101(Cr)-SMA-ED-PMG exhibits strong adsorption properties, exceptional selectivity, effective desorption, and significant potential for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs).
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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产品关联
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高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2021
·
IF 7.312
Baoguo Zhang,Li Wang,Yubao Liu,Yongjian Zhang,Lipeng Zhang,Zhongning Shi
Reliable access to Nd-containing mineral resources and their effective future use and recycling are crucial for the sustainable development of industries based on rare earth metals. As a precursor for room-temperature Nd electrodeposition, NdCl 3 is advantageous due to its abundance, low cost, and high availability; however, it is poorly soluble in most specialized ionic liquids and is therefore not widely used in solvometallurgical processes. Herein, we develop a practical means of Nd electrodeposition from a solution of NdCl 3 and AlCl 3 in 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, revealing that Al electrodeposition does not occur at the employed AlCl 3 concentration. Instrumental and electrochemical techniques are used to confirm the electrodeposition of Nd on high-purity Al substrates, and together with theoretical calculations, these techniques are employed to probe the mechanism of NdCl 3 dissolution, the electrolyte structure/composition, and the electrochemical behavior of the Nd-containing electroactive species. Our findings provide a strategy and theoretical basis for the cost-effective electrowinning of rare earth metals from their chlorides as upstream precursors.
研究领域:
冶金学
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材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）