JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
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2020
·Vol. 100
·期 6
·2554-2567
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IF 2.614
Shasha Wang,Guangjing Chen,Kewei Chen,Jianquan Kan
BACKGROUND Carapax Trionycis is the shell of the soft-shelled turtle. It is rich in minerals, amino acid, peptides, and other nutrients. Current processing and consumption of soft-shelled turtle leads to the waste of huge quantities of Carapax Trionycis in the form of spent materials. In this study, the bioavailability, prebiotic activity, and physicochemical properties of Carapax Trionycis using different processing methods were investigated. The vinegar-quenched Carapax Trionycis (V-CT), fine powders (D0.18, D0.10), and superfine powders (D0.05, D0.025) of Carapax Trionycis were prepared by the vinegar-quenching method, common grinding, and the superfine grinding method. RESULTS The average particle sizes of D0.18, D0.10, D0.05, and D0.025 were 147.82, 77.35, 36.65, and 2.24 μm, respectively. Superfine grinding changed the surface morphology of Carapax Trionycis and promoted the release of active ingredients. D0.025 had the highest polypeptide (8.15%), polysaccharide (1.21%), total free amino acid (232.36 mg 100 g −1 ) and water-soluble extract content (10.74%), and showed the highest calcium release rate (55.64%) after in vitro digestion. The apparent permeability (P APP ) of the resulting Carapax Trionycis samples in the dialysis tubing model and the everted intestinal sac model increased significantly with the decrease in the Carapax Trionycis particle sizes. Furthermore, the five Carapax Trionycis samples significantly stimulated the growth of the tested probiotics and increased lactic acids production after 48 h fermentation compared to the control. The Carapax Trionycis powder prepared by superfine grinding displayed better prebiotic activity than other samples as it significantly induced a greater proliferation of probiotic bacteria and higher production of lactic acid, as well as greater release of free calcium. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that Carapax Trionycis superfine powder D0.025 had the highest active ingredient content, calcium bioavailability, and prebiotic activity. Our approach of developing Carapax Trionycis superfine powder as natural calcium supplement or potential prebiotic would therefore broaden the scope of soft-shelled turtle processing waste utilization in an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable approach in the future. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
研究领域:
食品科学
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营养学
·
生物技术
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
·
2022
·
IF 4.042
Yue Tang,Lei Lei,Dan Yang,Jing Zheng,Qihang Zeng,Heng Xiao,Zhongrong Zhou
The lack of wear resistance is always a challenge for clinical applications of resin-based dental composites (RBDCs). In this study, the role of the calcium release from RBDCs in the adsorption and lubrication of salivary proteins was investigated, aiming to provide useful insights concerning the development of high-performance RBDCs. Three experimental RBDCs with distinct calcium-releasing capabilities were prepared using calcium phosphate particles as inorganic fillers. Salivary protein adsorption and film-forming on RBDC surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy, while the mechanical properties and lubricating effect of salivary pellicle were examined using nano-indentation/scratch techniques. Results showed that calcium release from RBDCs plays a crucial role in mediating the electrostatic interaction between salivary proteins and composite surface, thereby promoting the formation of salivary pellicle with a multi-layer structure. The mechanical properties and lubricating effect of the pellicle are positively related to the level of calcium release. In sum, for RBDCs with robust calcium release, saliva provides effective lubrication to resist composite wear. Incorporating calcium compounds is a promising way to improve the wear resistance of RBDCs in the oral cavity.
研究领域:
牙科学
·
生物材料学
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DOI
高影响因子
KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
·
2023
·Vol. 27
·期 1
·39-48
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IF 2
Qiru Wang,#,Yang Zhang,#,Qiong Du,Xinjie Zhao,Wei Wang,Qing Zhai,Ming Xiang
Spinal nerve injury causes mechanical allodynia and structural imbalance of neurotransmission, which were typically associated with calcium overload. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is considered crucial elements-mediating intracellular calcium homeostasis, ion channel activity, and synaptic plasticity. However, the underlying mechanism of SOCE in mediating neuronal transmitter release and synaptic transmission remains ambiguous in neuropathic pain. Neuropathic rats were operated by spinal nerve ligations. Neurotransmissions were assessed by whole-cell recording in substantia gelatinosa. Immunofluorescence staining of STIM1 with neuronal and glial biomarkers in the spinal dorsal horn. The endoplasmic reticulum stress level was estimated from qRT-PCR. Intrathecal injection of SOCE antagonist SKF96365 dose-dependently alleviated mechanical allodynia in ipsilateral hind paws of neuropathic rats with ED 50 of 18 μg. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that STIM1 was specifically and significantly expressed in neurons but not astrocytes and microglia in the spinal dorsal horn. Bath application of SKF96365 inhibited enhanced miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in a dosage-dependent manner without affecting miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Mal-adaption of SOCE was commonly related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the central nervous system. SKF96365 markedly suppressed ER stress levels by alleviating mRNA expression of C/EBP homologous protein and heat shock protein 70 in neuropathic rats. Our findings suggested that nerve injury might promote SOCE-mediated calcium levels, resulting in long-term imbalance of spinal synaptic transmission and behavioral sensitization, SKF96365 produces antinociception by alleviating glutamatergic transmission and ER stress. This work demonstrated the involvement of SOCE in neuropathic pain, implying that SOCE might be a potential target for pain management.
研究领域:
神经科学
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药理学
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疼痛研究
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
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2015
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IF 3.529
Demei Xu,Chuanyang Su,Xiufang Song,Qiong Shi,Juanli Fu,Lihua Hu,Xiaomin Xia,Erqun Song,Yang Song
Organisms are able to respond to environmental insult to maintain cellular homeostasis, which include the activation of a wide range of cellular adaptive responses with tightly controlled mechanisms. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle responsible for protein folding and calcium storage. ER stress leads to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen. To be against or respond to this effect, cells have a comprehensive signaling system, called unfolded protein response (UPR), to restore homeostasis and normal ER function or activate the cell death program. Therefore, it is critical to understand how environmental insult regulates the ingredients of ER stress and UPR signalings. Previously, we have demonstrated that polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) quinone caused oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Here, we investigated the role of a PCB quinone, PCB29-pQ on ER stress, UPR, and calcium release. PCB29-pQ markedly increased the hallmark genes of ER stress, namely, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), GRP94, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) on both protein and mRNA levels in HepG2 cells. We also confirmed PCB29-pQ induced ER morphological defects by using transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, PCB29-pQ induced intracellular calcium accumulation and calpain activity, which were significantly inhibited by the pretreatment of BAPTA-AM (Ca2+ chelator). These results were correlated with the outcome that PCB29-pQ induces ER stress-related apoptosis through caspase family gene 12, while salubrinal and Z-ATAD-FMK (a specific inhibitor of caspase 12) partially ameliorated this effect, respectively. N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) scavenged ROS formation and consequently alleviated PCB29-pQ-induced expression of ER stress-related genes. In conclusion, our result demonstrated for the first time that PCB quinone leads to ROS-dependent induction of ER stress, and UPR and calcium release in HepG2 cells, and the evaluation of the perturbations of ER stress, UPR, and calcium signaling provide further information on the mechanisms of PCB-induced toxicity.
研究领域:
毒理学
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细胞生物学
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）