NATURE
·
2023
·Vol. 618
·期 7963
·63-68
·
IF 64.8
Song Tingting,Chen Zibin,Cui Xiangyuan,Lu Shenglu,Chen Hansheng,Wang Hao,Dong Tony,Qin Bailiang,Chan Kang Cheung,Brandt Milan,Liao Xiaozhou,Ringer Simon P.,Qian Ma
Titanium alloys are advanced lightweight materials, indispensable for many critical applications 1 , 2 . The mainstay of the titanium industry is the α–β titanium alloys, which are formulated through alloying additions that stabilize the α and β phases 3 , 4 , 5 . Our work focuses on harnessing two of the most powerful stabilizing elements and strengtheners for α–β titanium alloys, oxygen and iron 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , which are readily abundant. However, the embrittling effect of oxygen 6 , 7 , described colloquially as ‘the kryptonite to titanium’ 8 , and the microsegregation of iron 9 have hindered their combination for the development of strong and ductile α–β titanium–oxygen–iron alloys. Here we integrate alloy design with additive manufacturing (AM) process design to demonstrate a series of titanium–oxygen–iron compositions that exhibit outstanding tensile properties. We explain the atomic-scale origins of these properties using various characterization techniques. The abundance of oxygen and iron and the process simplicity for net-shape or near-net-shape manufacturing by AM make these α–β titanium–oxygen–iron alloys attractive for a diverse range of applications. Furthermore, they offer promise for industrial-scale use of off-grade sponge titanium or sponge titanium–oxygen–iron 10 , 11 , an industrial waste product at present. The economic and environmental potential to reduce the carbon footprint of the energy-intensive sponge titanium production 12 is substantial.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 11.2
Rong Liu,Yan Gao
Preparing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) film in situ on the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) titanium alloy is challenging owing to the dense and stable surface TiO 2 passive film. In this study, titanium-doped zirconium-based MOFs (Zr(Ti)-MOFs) film was constructed in situ on the TC4 alloy in one step at a low temperature and atmospheric pressure, with ZrCl 4 as the source of Zr metal ions. ZrCl 4 attacked and dissolved the TiO 2 film to form Zr-O-Ti bonds on the surface of TC4 to provide nucleation sites for further reactions. At the same time, Zr 4+ and dissolved Ti 4+ combined in solution to form Ti containing Zr-O cluster nodes, which aggregated and grafted to the Zr-O-Ti bonds on the substrate surface, and reacted with organic ligands (terephthalic acid) to form Zr(Ti)-MOFs film. The Ti 4+ dissolved from the TC4 participate in the Zr-MOFs formation, thereby changing the high temperature and high-pressure conditions required for the traditional preparation of Zr-MOFs (UiO-66). The in situ preparation of Zr(Ti)-MOFs on TC4 was achieved at 80°C under atmospheric pressure conditions. This study elucidated the growth mechanism of Zr(Ti)-MOFs on the TC4 surface, providing a reference for the design and in-situ preparation of multifunctional MOFs on the TC4 titanium alloy.
研究领域:
材料科学
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表面工程
·
化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 6.1
Lei Wu,Qiuyan Ye,Kun Zhang,Xiaoyan Guo,Jiaqiao Li,Yongnan Chen,Fan Fang,Hantao Chang
The inherent porous structure of Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings may facilitate penetration of corrosive ions into the substrate, thereby compromising its corrosion resistance. In this work, the metal-organic framework (MOF) ZIF-8 was employed to seal the micropores in the MAO coating of titanium alloy (MAO-Ti) through a secondary growth method involved initially physically pre-loading crystal seeds into the micropores, followed by solvent thermal synthesis. Consequently, an excellent cohesive pore-sealing coating known as ZIF-8@MAO was successfully developed. The anchoring effect between ZIF-8 in the micropores and the substrate forms a solid blocking layer, which can effectively avoid the issue of traditional sealing layers detaching easily. Additionally, the arranged ZIF-8 crystals on the surface of MAO-Ti imparts excellent hydrophobicity and high stability to the alloy, evidenced by contact angle tests conducted under various solution environments, where the water contact angles (WCAs) exceeded 140°. Moreover, ZIF-8 microcrystals act as effective sealants for the micropores of MAO-Ti, effectively safeguarding the internal titanium alloy matrix against chloride ion infiltration and ensuring long-term corrosion resistance. Electrochemical tests assessing the corrosion resistance of the coatings revealed a significant improvement in the corrosion resistance of the ZIF-8@MAO pore-sealing coating compared to the primary MAO-Ti coating. The charge transfer resistance ( R ct ) increased from 2.05 × 10 4 Ω/cm 2 to 1.287 × 10 9 Ω/cm 2 , while the current density ( I corr ) declined from 2.03 × 10 −8 A/cm 2 to 2.65 × 10 −13 A/cm 2 .
研究领域:
材料科学
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腐蚀与防护
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表面工程
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DOI
高影响因子
Nanomaterials
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 12
·2086
·
IF 5.719
Yuxin Wang,Jiahuan Chen,Yifan Yang,Zihan Liu,Hao Wang,Zhen He
This study develops the nanostructured superhydrophobic titanium-based materials using a combined preparation method of laser marking step and the subsequent anodizing step. The structural properties were determined using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the performance was explored by wear and corrosion tests. The laser marking caused a rough surface with paralleled grooves and protrusions, revealing surface superhydrophobicity after organic modification. The anodizing process further created a titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotube film. Both phase constituent characterization and surface elemental analysis prove the uniform nanofilm. The inert nanosized oxide film offers improved stability and superhydrophobicity. Compared to those samples only with the laser marking process, the TiO2nanotube film enhances the corrosion resistance and mechanical stability of surface superhydrophobicity. The proposed preparation pathway serves as a novel surface engineering technique to attain a nanostructured superhydrophobic surface with other desirable performance on titanium alloys, contributing to their scale-up applications in diverse fields.Keywords:titanium alloy;nanostructure;superhydrophobicity;anodic oxidation
研究领域:
材料科学
·
表面工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Hongzhan Lv,Liwen Zhang,Xiaoli Xi,Zuoren Nie
With the widespread expansion of titanium applications and its significant increase in usage, the issue of recycling titanium resources after consumption has emerged. Focusing on titanium alloys with high usage, such as TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V), this article proposes a titanium separation and recovery method based on molten salt electrolysis. This method thoroughly analyzes the characteristics of elements in TC4 and electrochemical principles, ensuring that vanadium in the TC4 alloy does not undergo electrochemical dissolution when the electrolysis potential is below 0.3 V vs Pt. Subsequently, through electrochemical analysis, it was discovered that the precipitation of aluminum ions is influenced by concentration. Therefore, by controlling the concentration of aluminum in the eutectic molten salt, such as increasing the electrolyte concentration and shortening the electrolysis time, the precipitation of aluminum can be effectively avoided. Under the experimental conditions mentioned above, vanadium elements deposit at the bottom of the crucible in the form of anode slime, while aluminum dissolves and remains in the electrolyte. Meanwhile, titanium ions in the cathode region undergo electron reduction and deposit in the cathode area in the form of titanium, thus achieving precise separation of alloy elements. Experimental verification shows that the purity of the obtained titanium reaches 99.17 atomic percent. Therefore, this molten salt electrolysis method, which combines the physical properties of alloy elements with electrochemical principles, not only provides a new perspective for the separation and recovery of titanium and other critical metals, but also offers new research directions for the recovery technology of other alloy elements.
研究领域:
冶金学
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材料科学
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电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2020
·
IF 8.758
Stephan Handschuh-Wang,Tao Wang,Lifei Zhu,Yang Xu,Lei Huang,Tiansheng Gan,Yongbing Tang,Xuechang Zhou
Gallium-based liquid metals (GLMs) exist as atypical liquid-phase metals at and near room temperature while being electrically and thermally conductive, enabling copious applications in soft electronics and thermal management systems. Yet, solid metals are affected by interfacing with GLMs, resulting in liquid metal embrittlement and device failure. To avert this issue, mechanically durable and electrically tunable diffusion barriers for long-term reliable liquid metal–solid metal interfacing based on the deposition of various diamond coatings are designed and synthesized, as they feature high chemical inertness and extraordinary mechanical resistance. The diamond coatings show superlyophobicity (GLM contact angle ≥ 155°) and are nonstick toward GLMs, thereby achieving high mobility of GLM droplets (sliding angle 8–12°). The excellent barrier and anti-adhesion performance of the diamond coatings are proven in long-term experiments (3 weeks) of coated titanium alloy (Ti) samples in contact with GLMs. The electrical performance of the conductive diamond coating deposited on Ti is reliable and stable over a period of 50 h. As proof-of-concept applications a switch and a thermal management device based on liquid metals are demonstrated, signifying that coating diamond films on metals is a potent means to achieve stable integration of solid metals with GLMs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电子工程
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DOI
高影响因子
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 6.1
Kun Cui,Fan Xu,Bingyu Tian,Mengyao Liu,Yingying Yao,Haolin Li,Ping Wen,Rui Dong,Mingjin Fan
The poor wear resistance of titanium alloy makes it challenging to develop high-performance lubricating materials. For the characteristic of highly designable structure, ionic liquids (ILs) are the potential lubricants with excellent physicochemical properties and lubricating performance. Herein, three protic phosphorus-based ionic liquids (PPILs) were designed and synthesized with the exploration of their interfacial lubrication behavior and interaction mechanism on the titanium substrate. The as-synthesized IL lubricants exhibit optimal tribological properties on steel-titanium friction pairs even at high load and temperature. The surface analysis showed that IL can form the lubricating protective film on the titanium-based metal surface, effectively reducing the adhesive wear . Combined with surface analysis techniques (SEM, XPS , FIB-TEM and TOF-SIMS), the lubrication mechanism was discussed systematically.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
摩擦学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2023
·Vol. 16
·期 15
·5206
·
IF 3.4
Guijun Yang,Houjiang Liu,Ang Li,Tiansheng Liu,Qiqin Lu,Fang He
Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V is a commonly used bone implant material, primarily prepared as a porous material to better match the elastic modulus of human bone. However, titanium alloy is biologically inert and does not have antibacterial properties. At the same time, the porous structure with a large specific surface area also increases the risk of infection, leading to surgical failure. In this paper, we prepared three porous samples with different porosities of 60%, 75%, and 85%, respectively (for short, 3D-60, 3D-75, and 3D-85) using 3D printing technology and clarified the mechanical properties. Through tensile experiments, when the porosity was 60%, the compressive modulus was within the elastic modulus of human bone. Anodic oxidation technology carried out the surface modification of a 3D-printed porous titanium alloy with 60% porosity. Through change, the different voltages and times on the TiO2oxide layer on the 3D-printed porous titanium alloy are different, and it reveals the growth mechanism of the TiO2oxide layer on a 3D-printed unique titanium alloy. The surface hydrophilic and antibacterial properties of 3D-printed porous titanium alloy were significantly improved after modification by anodic oxidation.Keywords:Ti6Al4V porous titanium alloy;3D printing;anodic oxidation;antibacterial
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Yuxi Zhao,Jinkai xu,Guantong Wang,Qianqian Cai,Haiyan Zheng
Superhydrophobicity facilitates improved corrosion resistance and self-cleaning properties of material surfaces. Titanium alloys with excellent strength, hardness and robustness are extensively employed to prepare superhydrophobic structures. Herein, titanium alloy surfaces featuring bionic moth-eye micro- and nanocomposite structures were constructed by composite method of laser processing, hydrothermal treatment and further chemical modification phase. The average reflectance decreases up to 48.7 % in the wavelength range of 450–1000 nm for bionic moth-eye micro- and nanocomposite structured titanium alloy surface compared to the untreated titanium alloy. Corrosion performance increased by an order of magnitude and corrosion protection efficiency up to 76.5 % is achievable resulting from the reduced solid-liquid contact area created from the air cavities on the superhydrophobic surface. It provides an effective approach for preparing multifunctional superhydrophobic surfaces with micro- and nanocomposite structures on titanium alloy substrates.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
表面工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry B
·
2025
·
IF 5.7
Ying Hu,Mingjun Li,Xun Xu,Nan Ma,Jiahao Luo,Xiaoxuan Wu,Qixiang Ping,Xiao Lin,Tingbin Zhang,Chunyong Liang,Lei Yang
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a significant challenge in clinical applications. It not only impedes the recovery of bone tissue at the site of bone defect but also leads to multiple debridements, long-lasting antibiotic treatment and even secondary replacement. Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (TC4) is widely used in orthopedic implants due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility; however, it lacks inherent antibacterial and osteoinductive functions. In this study, a composite coating based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with tissue repair and antibacterial properties was applied on the surface of TC4. A PVA gel coating functionalized with terpyridine and catechol groups (PVA–TP–CA) was synthesized and subsequently complexed with copper (Cu) ions. The differential binding affinities of TP and CA groups to Cu enabled a sustained and controlled release of metal ions. Furthermore, a micro–nano surface structure was fabricated on TC4 using femtosecond laser technology to achieve a micro–nano structure interface and enhanced bonding strength. Biological evaluations demonstrated that the modified surface significantly improved the antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties of TC4. These findings indicate that this multifunctional composite coating holds great promise for surface modification of orthopedic implants, offering an effective strategy for preventing PJI while promoting bone regeneration.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
材料科学
·
组织工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Bioactive Materials
·
2020
·
IF 8.724
Wei Xu,Chenjin Hou,Yuxuan Mao,Lei Yang,Maryam Tamaddon,Jianliang Zhang,Xuanhui Qu,Chaozong Liu,Bo Su,Xin Lu
When biomaterials are implanted in the human body, the surfaces of the implants become favorable sites for microbial adhesion and biofilm formation, causing peri-implant infection which frequently results in the failure of prosthetics and revision surgery. Ti–Mo alloy is one of the commonly used implant materials for load-bearing bone replacement, and the prevention of infection of Ti–Mo implants is therefore crucial. In this study, bacterial inhibitory copper (Cu) was added to Ti–Mo matrix to develop a novel Ti–Mo–Cu alloy with bacterial inhibitory property. The effects of Cu content on microstructure, tensile properties, cytocompatibility, and bacterial inhibitory ability of Ti–Mo–Cu alloy were systematically investigated. Results revealed that Ti–10Mo–1Cu alloy consisted of α and β phases, while there were a few Ti 2 Cu intermetallic compounds existed for Ti–10Mo–3Cu and Ti–10Mo–5Cu alloys, in addition to α and β phases. The tensile strength of Ti–10Mo-xCu alloy increased with Cu content while elongation decreased. Ti–10Mo–3Cu alloy exhibited an optimal tensile strength of 1098.1 MPa and elongation of 5.2%. Cytocompatibility study indicated that none of the Ti–10Mo-xCu alloys had a negative effect on MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation. Bacterial inhibitory rates against S. aureus and E. coli increased with the increase in Cu content of Ti–10Mo-xCu alloy, within the ranges of 20–60% and 15–50%, respectively. Taken together, this study suggests that Ti–10Mo–3Cu alloy with high strength, acceptable elongation, excellent cytocompatibility, and the bacterial inhibitory property is a promising candidate for biomedical implant applications.
研究领域:
生物材料学
·
医学工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Analytical Methods
·
2017
·Vol. 9
·期 30
·4471-4475
·
IF 1.9
L. F. Tian,D. S. Zou,Y. C. Dai,L. L. Wang,W. Gao
Quantification of chromium in V–Cr–Ti ternary alloys, used as candidate structural materials for fusion reactors, is essential in view of its significant effect on the properties of these vanadium-based alloys. Various methods have already been used for the determination of chromium in common alloys, but most of these methods are based on complicated and expensive instruments or suffer from the serious matrix interference of vanadium. In this study, a simple, rapid and accurate spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of chromium in V–Cr–Ti alloys without any prior separation and chromogenic agent. The alloy samples were dissolved in diluted sulphuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, and chromium was oxidized with persulphate in the presence of Ag(I) ions as a catalyst. After alkalization of the solution with sodium hydrate, greenish-yellow coloured chromate (CrO42−) ions were formed in the alkaline solution and had a maximum absorption peak at 374 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 0.15–12.0 μg mL−1 Cr(VI) at 374 nm and the molar absorptivity was 4.8 × 103 L mol−1 cm−1. All the variables were studied in order to optimize the analytical conditions. Vanadium and titanium seriously interfered with the determination of Cr(VI) and their interference can be eliminated by addition of ammonium tartrate. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate and of low cost, and has been satisfactorily used for the determination of chromium in V–Cr–Ti alloys. The results are in good agreement with data given by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and the relative standard deviation is found to be lower than 0.4%.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）