JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2019
·Vol. 166
·期 13
·E401
·
IF 3.12
Handong Jiao,Shuqiang Jiao,Wei-Li Song,Haosen Chen,Mingyong Wang,Jiguo Tu,Daining Fang
Owing to the low-cost and fast process, molten salt electrolysis is considered as a novel method to replace the Kroll process for preparing titanium. However, this process has not been fully realized because of the multi-step reduction and complicated disproportionation behaviors of multivalent titanium ions in melt. To address such critical problems, here we use liquid metals (Sn and Pb) as the cathode instead of solid metal cathode (Mo) during the electrolysis, in which the reduction process of Ti3+ (TiF63−) becomes a simple one-step process (Ti3+ + 3e = Ti (alloys)). Also, the deposition potential is more positive (>0.5 V) than that using solid Mo, owing to the depolarizing effect of the liquid metals. One-step process and depolarization behavior are favorable to increase the current efficiency, effectively decreasing the power consumption in comparison with the conventional electrolysis at solid metal cathodes. Similar to the electrolytic production of aluminum in Hall-Heroult system, there would be a continuous electrolysis process because the product is liquid alloy in this system.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Science
·
2021
·Vol. 8
·期 24
·2101373
·
IF 16.806
Handong Jiao,Zhaoliang Qu,Shuqiang Jiao,Yang Gao,Shijie Li,Wei-Li Song,Mingyong Wang,Haosen Chen,Daining Fang
Electrodeposition is a fundamental technology in modern society and has been widely used in metal plating and extraction, etc. However, extreme reaction conditions, including wide operation temperature ranges and corrosive media (molten salt/oxide systems as a particular example), inhibit direct in situ observation of the electrodeposition process. To visualize the electrode kinetics in such “black box,” X-ray tomography is employed to monitor the electrochemical processes and three-dimensional (3D) evolution of morphology. Benefiting from the excellent penetration of X-ray, a non-destructive and non-contact in situ four-dimensional (4D) visualization of Ti deposition is realized. Real-time 3D reconstructed images reveal that the counterintuitive nucleation and growth process of a mesoscale Ti dendrite at both solid and liquid cathodes. According to 3D morphology evolution, unusual mechanism based on synergetic effect of the diffusion of metallic Ti and local field enhancement is achieved utilizing a simulation method based on a finite element method. This approach allows for timely and accurately regulating the electrodeposition process upon in situ monitored parameters. More importantly, the 4D technique upon operando X-ray tomography and numerical simulation can be easily applied to other electrodeposition systems, which will help deeply understand the internal kinetics and the precise optimization of the electrodeposition conditions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2025
·Vol. 37
·期 28
·2501875
·
IF 26.8
Jie Zhang,Thomas Dittrich,Qian Li,Chenwei Ni,Zhongrui Min,Lingcong Zhang,Jiangshan Qu,Mingrun Li,Xiuli Wang,Can Li,Fengtao Fan
Ferroelectric materials, known for their non-inversion symmetry, show promise as photocatalysts due to their unique asymmetric charge separation, which separates hydrogen and oxygen evolution sites. However, the strong depolarized field induces a relaxed surface structure, which in turn directly leads to slow hole charge transfer dynamics, hindering their efficiency in water splitting. In this study, a fundamental breakthrough in dramatically enhancing the overall water-splitting activity is presented, through the synergistically regulating of the surface behaviors of photogenerated carriers, resulting in nearly perfect parallel dynamics and balanced amounts. By depositing atomic layers of TiO 2 onto the surface of PbTiO 3 , surface vacancies are effectively passivated, significantly prolonging the hole lifetime from 10 −6 to 10 −3 s. Spatially resolved transient photovoltage spectroscopy showed that improved hole dynamics led to a 180° phase shift between photogenerated electrons and holes, indicating nearly identical extraction dynamics. Notably, hole and electron concentrations increased to equivalent levels. This leads to a nearly 578-fold increment in the apparent quantum yield, resulting in significantly increased overall water-splitting rates, with a quantum yield of 5.78% at 365 nm. The strategy is also effective with Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 , demonstrating its versatility across varied materials, providing a valuable method for creating high-performance ferroelectric photocatalysts.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光催化
·
能量转换
·
铁电学
·
可再生能源
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）