Trace hydrogen detection plays an important role in the safety detection of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the generation and leakage of trace hydrogen in the early stage of LIBs damage. In this work, an amperometric hydrogen sensor based on solid polymer electrolyte was reported. The sandwich device structure was realized, which could directly diffuse the gas from both sides to the three-phase interface (gas/electrode/electrolyte) to participate in the reaction through the optimal design of the gas diffusion path. Then, platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) were loaded on the metal foam by electroplating, and the porous electrode was filled with solid polymer electrolyte. A sensor with high specific surface area, high catalytic activity, and high sensitivity was obtained. Finally, the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) mechanism of the platinum-loaded (Pt-loaded) titanium foam (Ti foam) electrode under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions was verified, and the properties of the sensor was evaluated. The hydrogen sensor with a “sandwich” structure has the advantages of high sensitivity, good stability, low detection limit and low cost, which provides a technical solution for the safety and real-time monitoring of LIBs.
Chlorine-mediated electrochemical advanced oxidation (EAO-Cl) process, which converted Cl - into highly oxidizing active chlorine species under electricity, exhibits exceptional performance in wastewater pollutants removal. In this study, degradation of p -Nitrophenol (PNP) through EAO-Cl was investigated with RuO 2 /Ti foam as anode and Ti foam as cathode. Under high salinity (342 mM NaCl) condition, 95.4 % of PNP with initial concentration of 20 mg/L was removed within 120 min. The reaction kinetics constant was 0.0265 min −1 , which increased nearly 14 times compared to that of in low salinity (25 mM NaCl). ESR and quenching experiments were employed to identify the in-situ generated reactive chlorine species and evaluate their relative contributions to the degradation process. It was found that chlorine radicals (·Cl) was the dominant oxidants and contributed 60.0 % to PNP degradation. The reaction mechanisms and PNP degradation pathways mediated by chlorine species were further elucidated. Long-term continuous reactor operation revealed that PNP was near-completely removed in single-pass mode with energy consumption of 5.22 kWh/m 3 . This study proposed a novel “waste to treat waste” approach for contaminant removal in high-salinity wastewater by in situ conversion of unwanted chloride ions into useful reactive chlorine species, simultaneously enabling pollutant degradation and resource utilization from inherent wastewater salinity.
Yunfan Zhou,Xue Wei,Jun Chen,Hanzhi Xiong,Dandan Sui,Xu Chen,Wensheng Yang
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor, with various subtypes showing different behaviors. Endogenous H2O2 is an important marker of tumor progression, which makes it important to study the relationship between breast cancer subtypes and H2O2 for pathogenesis and treatment strategies, but this has rarely been reported so far. In this work, we constructed a three-dimensional (3D) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing platform for the detection of H2O2 released from two typical subtypes of breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells for luminal A-type and MDA-MB-231 cells for three negative breast cancers, TNBCs). To adequately replicate the tumor microenvironment, the peptide hydrogel was introduced as a scaffold for 3D cell culture. The titanium foam (TF) was used as a 3D electrode to better match the 3D culture substrate. N-(4-Aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI) was selected as the ECL emitter and assembled into the peptide hydrogel by hydrogen bonding and π-stacking, which resulted in a stable and homogeneous distribution of ABEI along the hydrogel fibers. Furthermore, basic amino acids were introduced to provide alkaline microenvironment for ABEI. Therefore, ABEI exhibited high ECL efficiency, resulting in a high sensitivity with an ultralow detection limit of 0.023 nM (S/N = 3) for H2O2 of the proposed ECL biosensor. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in a 3D peptide hydrogel/ABEI/TF electrode, respectively, and endogenous H2O2 was successfully monitored. A notably significant difference of H2O2 released between MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells without stimulation but similar extra release with stimulation were observed. These findings may help understand the physiological mechanisms behind the various subtypes and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related treatment for breast cancer.
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