NASICON-type Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) is a widely used solid electrolyte in solid-state lithium batteries, owing to its excellent chemical stability against moisture and high total ionic conductivity. However, traditionally, densification of LATP has been achieved through a high-temperature sintering process (approximately 1000 °C) owing to its poor sinterability. Herein, we report a facile synthesis route to obtain highly sinterable LATP solid electrolyte using tetrabutyl titanate (C16H36O4Ti) as the titanium source and incorporating the traditional solid-state reaction method. The synthetic LATP powder mixed with a low ratio of LiTiPO5 exhibited a hybrid crystalline–amorphous phase structure, which facilitated grain fusion, promoted structural homogeneity, and facilitated structural densification under low-temperature sintering. The sintered LATP pellet, which exhibited an interconnected structure and indistinct grain boundaries, achieved a relative density of >90% and an ionic conductivity of 0.667 mS/cm at a sintering temperature of only 750 °C. Additionally, we systematically studied and demonstrated the synthesis reaction mechanism, sintering behavior, and ionic diffusion kinetics of LATP electrolytes. Our study paves the way for synthesizing highly sinterable LATP solid electrolytes using a simple, additive-free, and cost-effective method.
This paper presents the first successful fabrication of hierarchically ordered porous (HOP) TiO2. Poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) colloidal spheres and triblock copolymer P123 were used as macro- and mesoporous structure-directing agents, and titanium chloride and titanium tetraisopropoxide were used as sources of titania. When the mixture of polymer spheres, P123, and titania precursors were cast on substrates, and conducted for complete solvent evaporation, followed by thermal treatment, large-scale HOP TiO2 can be directly fabricated. The in situ chelate effect between the titania precursors and the poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) plays a key role in the fabrication of HOP TiO2. The as-obtained HOP TiO2 exhibits 50% and 70% greater the highest photocurrent under UV and visible lights, respectively, and far higher photoelectrocatalytic property than commercial TiO2 (P-25).
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