L. Wu,D.J. Yang,C.J. Hu,S. Liu,Q.G. Chen,J.Y. Shi,F. Wu,Y. Xiang
The electrodeposition-based three-state electrochromic device with its electrode surface modified by dip-coated titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) thin films shows significantly improved cycling stability compared to the device modified with spin-coated ones. The decrement rate of optical transmittance contrast for spin-coated device after 1500 cycles is reduced significantly from 66% to 28% for dip-coated device, indicating ~60% improvement. A comparative study of the structural and morphological features of dip- and spin-coated TiO 2 thin films reveals that the surface uniformity of dip-coated device is much better than that of spin-coated one, leading to an improved overall surface roughness, which is a primary factor of the cycling stability. Although the difference in the surface roughness is marginal for the smooth parts of both the dip- and spin-coated TiO 2 thin films, the improved uniformity of the dip- coated TiO 2 thin film surface is conducive to the quick dissolution of Ag back into electrolyte during the switching between the coloration and bleaching states thanks to the reduced locally residual Ag around or into the rough regions caused by TiO 2 nanoparticles agglomeration.
Gold nanowires (AuNWs) have been one of the key components for nanoelectronics and optoelectronic devices but the fabrication has been poorly customized for this purpose even though diverse synthetic strategies bloomed over the last decades. Here, the concept of light-induced protrusion of AuNWs directly from solid state substrate is demonstrated, which is highly compatible for on-chip fabrication of functional nanodevices. This is realized by irradiating the Au ion-doped titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) films with continuous wave laser. The blue laser triggers the reduction and nucleation of Au(0) which grows vertically into AuNW bundles with diffusion-controlled supply of Au ions within the TiO 2 matrix. Thus, the morphology of the AuNWs can be tuned with irradiation time/power as well as the ion concentration, which can derive into Au nanorings (NRs) and NR stacks in 1D photonic crystal with reduced plasmon linewidth. Such light-induced protrusion can also generate nanopillars by introducing Au seeds before irradiation. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering performance of the AuNW bundles is excellent with f m detection limit. Such laser-directed solid-state growth technique is facile, versatile, cost-effective site-selective, ligand-free, and wafer-scalable, which opens up many promising applications in (bio)chemical sensing, photovoltaics, photocatalysis, plasmonic displays, and integrated nanoelectronic/optoelectronic devices.
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