Defence Technology
·
2021
·
IF 3.172
Yu-lan Song,Qi Huang,Bo Jin,Ru-fang Peng
To improve the safety of HMX, HMX/NH 2 -GO composite was prepared with aqueous ammonia functionalized graphene oxide (NH 2 -GO). The composite was characterized by SEM, Zeta potential, XPS, Raman spectrum, XRD, HPLC, DSC and BAM sensitivity test. The results indicated that the functionalization with aqueous ammonia can enhance the interaction between GO and HMX, and more efficiently desensitize the explosive. The optimal impact sensitivity of the HMX/NH 2 -GO composite can be not less than 40 J, which is also the most insensitivity compared to the previous reports prepared by coating desensitization with non-energetic desensitized material. Moreover, the potential reason for the different impact and friction sensitivity was also discussed, which may bring a novel perspective to achieve the desensitization of energetic material.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸物安全
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2019
·Vol. 44
·期 4
·413-422
·
IF 1.634
Wenbo Dong,Shusen Chen,Shaohua Jin,Minglei Chen,Bo Yan,Yu Chen
Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) is an energetic ion salt with high energy and low mechanical sensitivity. However, its poor morphology and low binding ability with conventional binders have significantly limited its application. In the present work, we reported a novel strategy to improve the morphology and surface properties of TKX-50 using sodium alginate (SA) as the modifier by the anti-solvent method. The results of imaging characterization indicated that SA greatly affected both crystal habit and morphology of TKX-50, resulting in modified TKX-50 granulars with low aspect ratios. The formation mechanism was explored by the molecular dynamics simulation. The XPS and SEM characterizations also revealed that SA adhered onto TKX-50 surface to form a coating layer. The non-isothermal kinetic parameters were calculated from DSC results. Our work has provided a new strategy to improve the morphology and surface properties of TKX-50 for its practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
·
2022
·Vol. 23
·期 12
·6710
·
IF 6.208
Binghui Duan,Xianming Lu,Hongchang Mo,Bojun Tan,Bozhou Wang,Ning Liu
Safety concerns remain a bottleneck for the application of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro- 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20)/1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane (HMX) cocrystal. Melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin was chosen to fabricate CL-20/HMX cocrystal-based core–shell composites (CH@MF composites) via a facile in situ polymerization method. The resulted CH@MF composites were comprehensively characterized, and a compact core–shell structure was confirmed. The effects of the shell content on the properties of the composites were explored as well. As a result, we found that, except for CH@MF–2 with a 1% shell content, the increase in shell content led to a rougher surface morphology and more close-packed structure. The thermal decomposition peak temperature improved by 5.3 °C for the cocrystal enabled in 1.0 wt% MF resin. Regarding the sensitivity, the CH@MF composites exhibited a significantly reduced impact and friction sensitivity with negligible energy loss compared with the raw cocrystal and physical mixtures due to the cushioning and insulation effects of the MF coating. The formation mechanism of the core–shell micro-composites was further clarified. Overall, this work provides a green, facile and industrially potential strategy for the desensitization of energetic cocrystals. The CH@MF composites with high thermal stability and low sensitivity are promising to be applied in propellants and polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) formulations.Keywords:CL-20/HMX cocrystal;in situ polymerization;core–shell structure;desensitization;thermal stability
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸物化学
·
高能材料工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2025
·
IF 7.5
Hou Conghua,Li Jingyu,Jia Xueru,Ma Jingjing,Zhang Haozhe,Luo Yuhang
RDX (Royal Demolition Explosive) is renowned for its exceptional explosive performance, yet it is prone to combustion and explosion when exposed to open flames, high temperatures, vibrations, impacts, and friction. Addressing these challenges is essential for the practical application of RDX. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to calculate the binding energies of composite particle models with varying ratios of TATB/RDX/PVAc, revealing that the TATB/RDX/PVAc (40/55/5) combination exhibited significantly higher binding energies, indicating optimal system stability. Experimental findings indicated that the optimal processing conditions are a polymerization temperature of 60 °C, a stirring rate of 350 r/min, and an initiator dosage of 1 wt%. Consequently, TATB/RDX/PVAc/GO microspheres with uniform and dense morphology were successfully synthesized. Through the calculation and comparison of thermal decomposition kinetic parameters, it was determined that the thermal explosion critical temperature of RDX in composite particles is elevated by 4.27 °C and 2.97 °C compared to pure RDX, with the T p0 value increased by 5.5 °C and 3.85 °C, respectively. For TATB in composite particles, the thermal explosion critical temperature was raised to 21.51 °C and 17.79 °C, with the T p0 value enhanced by 22.96 °C and 18.56 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the critical impact sensitivity (55 J) is 4.5 times greater than that of refinement RDX (12 J), and the critical friction sensitivity (288 N) is twice that of refinement RDX (144 N). The results demonstrate that TATB/RDX/PVAc/GO energetic composite microspheres, prepared via the Pickering emulsion polymerization method, possess excellent thermal stability and mechanical blunt sensitivity, providing a theoretical foundation for the broad application of RDX.
研究领域:
含能材料
·
高分子化学
·
炸药工程
·
材料科学
·
化学物理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·Vol. 46
·期 19
·9389-9396
·
IF 3.925
Yuanyuan Yao,Dongze Li,Shaohua Jin,Zifeng Wang,Dongxu Wang,Qinghai Shu
Strong corrosiveness to metals is the main factor restricting the widespread application of the insensitive explosive 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO). Herein, MXene rich in active functional groups was obtained by selective etching of Ti3AlC2, and fine-grained MXene/NTO composites with rod-like morphology were prepared by recrystallization. The incorporation of MXene not only significantly reduced the particle size of explosives from 25 to 8 μm, but also weakened the impact sensitivity from 32% to 20% and friction sensitivity from 28% to 16%. Meanwhile, the enhanced corrosion resistance and thermal stability of the resulting NTO/MXene composites benefited from the introduction of MXene. The corrosiveness of NTO aqueous solution to metals was due to the easy ionization of hydrogen in the molecular structure, MXene with active groups combined with hydrogen atoms in NTO by non-covalent bonds, resulting in difficult hydrogen ionization and corrosion resistance without changing the chemical properties of explosives. The good thermal conductivity of MXene endowed NTO with improved thermal stability and promoted the crystallization of NTO as a nucleating agent. These insensitive explosives with good comprehensive properties would be the mainstay of the upgrading of weapons and equipment.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
炸药工程
·
化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
·
2021
·
IF 4.076
Yongan Feng,Jie Wang,Zhimin Li
Energetic substances with layered crystal packing have been identified as the most promising next-generation high-energy materials (HEMs) due to their excellent insensitivity. The challenge, however, is how to design layered HEMs. In this study, a novel strategy called “acceptor–donor separation” was proposed to control the layer-by-layer stacking of energetic molecules through directional hydrogen boding: that is, a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor are located in different energetic segments and at least one of them has a conjugated planar structure, which will enable the energetic fragments to be infinitely extended in a two-dimensional plane to form a target layered structure. The experimental results showed that three exemplary substances designed by using this strategy possess the expected layered structures, which have been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, demonstrating the robustness of this strategy. Moreover, the three as-synthesized HEMs all exhibit excellent insensitivity (impact sensitivity IS > 40 J; friction sensitivity FS > 360 N), affording safety far beyond those of the most powerful HEMs in use today. Especially, the hydroxylammonium energetic salts possess good detonation performance (detonation velocity D = 8924 m s–1; detonation pressure P = 36.9 GPa) comparable to that of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), one of the most powerful high explosives in use today.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
晶体化学
·
含能材料
·
分子工程
·
固体化学
·
爆炸物化学
·
结构设计
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials
·
2025
·Vol. 8
·期 4
·1-14
·
IF 21.8
Hou Xudong,Zhang Minghao,Yao Qifa,Ren Yeping,Zhong Lin,Li Changlin,Lv Haohao,Chen Hanyu,Wei Zuting,Yang Fanzhi,Yang Wei,Xia Min,Luo Yunjun
High sensitivity of energetic oxidizers and difficulties in activating passivated aluminum during the ignition are two serious obstacles for safe and efficient application of aluminized explosives. Herein, a safe and highly reactive HMX@PDA@FG (HPF) dual-shell oxidizer was constructed through functionalizing octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) core with a bio-enhanced interface polydopamine (PDA) and a two-dimensional (2D) fluorine source fluorinated graphene (FG) via bionic and self-assembly strategies. The synergistic integration of FG and PDA coatings achieves a remarkable reduction in HMX sensitivity (the impact energy increase from 7 to 28 J and friction load weight increase from 108 to 160 N). The 2D structure of FG notably enhances heat transfer within the system and leads to more rapid and concentrated decomposition of HMX. Furthermore, HPF oxidizers feature significant combustive activation effects for nano-aluminum due to high fluorine content of FG. Aluminized mixture HPF-10/n-Al exhibits superior combustion reactivity and energy output. The combustion heat of HPF-10/n-Al reaches 14,770.8 kJ/g, nearly 1000 kJ/g higher than HMX/n-Al, while the peak pressure and pressurization rate are approximately 1.5 and 4.9 times higher than HMX/n-Al. Hence, modifying multifunctional fluorinated graphene coating and bioinspired interface polydopamine on HMX shows great potential in enhancing both safety and energetic performance of aluminized explosives. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
含能材料
·
爆炸工程
·
材料科学
·
表面工程
·
燃烧化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Min Li,Ying Wang,Xin Zhou,Qi Zhang,Mingyang Chen,Dandan Han,Junbo Gong,Hongzhen Li
In this work, the micro/nano spherulitic hierarchical 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene (HNS) with the excellent specific surface area was prepared for the first time, which was expected to overcome the agglomeration problems of nanoscale HNS. In detail, poly( N -isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM), polysuccinimide (PSI), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were selected as additives to induce forming spherulitic HNS. Leaflike crystals were obtained in the presence of PNIPAM, while spherulitic HNS could be fabricated in the presence of PSI or PVP. And the prepared spherulitic HNS owned nearly 6 times the specific surface area of the raw HNS, with decreased impact sensitivity and advanced melting and decomposition temperatures, demonstrating a good desensitization effect, and a favorable energy release of the hierarchical structure. Moreover, morphological changes under the effect of the molecular weight and concentration of PVP were explored. The approximated morphological evolution of spherulitic HNS was consistent with the classical spherulitic growth by noncrystallographic branching. Furthermore, it was verified that preferential adsorption of PVP and PSI on the HNS inhibits the growth steps of the (200) face and introduces stress to generate crystal defects, which triggers noncrystallographic branching and further spherulitic growth. Overall, the strategy of fabricating micro/nano spherulitic hierarchical energetic materials via polymer-additive induced noncrystallographic branching is promising to solve the problems of nanoscale energetic materials in agglomeration and microscale bulk crystals in low activity.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高能材料
·
聚合物科学
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）