Animals
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 6
·844
·
IF 2.7
Shengchen Zheng,Jianwei Lin,Yong Chen,Changjiang Zang,Fan Yang,Jiahao Li,Xiaobin Li
Simple SummaryThis study examines the impact of sodium acetate and sodium butyrate supplementation on the compositional profile, blood biochemical parameters, and volatile flavor compounds of lactating mares’ milk. By employing comprehensive analytical techniques, including Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC-IMS), this study elucidates the effects of these additives on both the chemical composition and sensory attributes of the milk. The findings offer critical insights into optimizing its flavor profile, enhancing overall quality, market appeal, and nutritional value.This study aims to explore the impact of adding sodium acetate and sodium butyrate on the composition, blood biochemical parameters, and volatile flavor compounds of lactating mares’ milk. By assessing the influence of these additives on milk flavor enhancement, the findings provide scientific evidence for optimizing flavor characteristics and offer new strategies for improving the sensory attributes of mare milk products. Eighteen lactating Yili mares were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group, a sodium acetate group (85 mg/kg·BM−1), and a sodium butyrate group (85 mg/kg·BM−1). The experiment lasted 90 days, with milk yield recorded on days 0, 30, 60, and 90. Milk samples were collected on day 60 (peak lactation) for compositional analysis, and GC-IMS was employed to identify and quantify volatile compounds. Additionally, blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein before morning feeding on day 60 using heparinized tubes to assess key biochemical markers, including glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and urea. The results revealed the following findings: (1) Milk yield and composition: The addition of sodium acetate and sodium butyrate had no significant effect on milk yield. However, both treatment groups exhibited significantly or extremely significantly higher milk fat content compared to the control group, whereas milk protein and lactose levels remained largely unchanged. (2) Blood biochemical indicators: The sodium butyrate group showed an extremely significant increase in urea levels compared to the sodium acetate and control groups. Glucose levels in the sodium acetate group were also significantly higher than in the control group. Moreover, triglyceride levels were markedly elevated in the sodium butyrate group compared to the sodium acetate group, while total bilirubin concentrations were significantly higher in the sodium acetate group than in the control group. (3) Volatile compounds: The addition of these additives led to a significant increase in the diversity and concentration of volatile compounds in mare milk. Notably, esters, aldehydes, and ketones showed substantial enrichment in both treatment groups. The relative abundance of esters such as butyl acetate, L-lactic acid ethyl ester, 1-pentene-3-ol, pentanol, and 3-pentanone increased, alongside a significant rise in aldehydes and ketones, including 2-heptenal and 3-pentanone. In conclusion, sodium acetate and sodium butyrate enhance milk flavor by modulating milk composition and metabolic parameters, providing a scientific foundation for improving the quality of mare milk products.
研究领域:
食品科学
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动物营养学
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代谢组学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
·
2025
·
IF 4.2
Guoqiang Fan,Yaxin Liu,Limei Tao,Danping Wang,Yizhu Huang,Xiaojing Yang
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with unclear causes and limited treatment options. Sodium butyrate (NaB), a byproduct of dietary fiber in the intestine, has demonstrated efficacy in treating inflammation. However, the precise anti-inflammatory mechanisms of NaB in colon inflammation remain largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effects of NaB on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. The findings indicate that oral administration of NaB effectively prevent colitis and reduce levels of serum or colon inflammatory factors. Additionally, NaB demonstrated in vitro inhibition of RAW264.7 inflammation cytokines induced by LPS, along with suppression of the ERK and NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Moreover, NaB mitigated LPS and Nigericin-induced RAW264.7 pyroptosis by reducing indicators of mitochondrial damage, including increased mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1) levels and decreased Mito-ROS production. NaB increases ZO-1 and Occludin expression in CaCo2 cells by inhibiting RAW264.7 pyroptosis. These results suggest that NaB could be utilized as a therapeutic agent or dietary supplement to alleviate colitis.
研究领域:
免疫学
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消化病学
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药理学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
AQUACULTURE
·
2022
·
IF 5.135
Weijun Chen,Shiyang Gao,Kuo Chang,Xiaoyu Zhao,Ben Niu
The present study evaluated the effect of dietary sodium butyrate (NaBT) supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota composition, and liver health of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides fed high-fat diets. Four isonitrogenous and isolipid diets were formulated: a high-fat diet and the high-fat diet supplemented by 0.05% NaBT, 0.1% NaBT, or 0.2% NaBT. Each diet was randomly distributed to triplicate tanks (200 L ) containing 30 fish (initial weight 4.0 ± 0.1 g) per tank. The experimental fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 60 days. The orthogonal polynomial contrasts showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) increased linearly ( P < 0.05) with increasing dietary NaBT levels (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found for feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), condition factor (CF), viscerosomatic index (VSI), and hepatosomatic index (HSI). There were no differences in the alpha diversity indices (including Operational Taxonomic Units, Chao index, and Simpson index) of intestinal microbiota between the various dietary groups ( P > 0.05). For the intestinal microbiota composition, the proportion of Proteobacteria were linearly and cubically increased, whereas the proportion of Tenericutes and Mesomycoplasma were linearly and cubically decreased with the increase of dietary NaBT levels ( P < 0.05). The increasing dietary NaBT levels led to significantly quadratic decrease of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ( P < 0.05), linear and quadratic decrease of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ( P < 0.05), and linear, quadratic, and cubic decrease of diamine oxidase (DAO) ( P < 0.05). Hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TCHO) contents decreased linearly and quadratically with the increase of dietary NaBT levels ( P < 0.05). Increasing dietary NaBT levels linearly, quadratically, and cubically decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents ( P < 0.05). Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity levels increased linearly with the increasing dietary NaBT levels ( P < 0.05). As the dietary NaBT levels gradually increased, the relative expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) increased linearly, quadratically, and cubically ( P < 0.05), while the relative expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP 1) decreased linearly, quadratically, and cubically ( P < 0.05). The relative expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and cysteinyl aspartate specific protease 3 (Caspase 3) decreased linearly and quadratically with the increasing NaBT levels ( P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that fish growth was closely correlated with microbiota composition, hepatic lipid accumulation, hepatic antioxidant-related parameters, and hepatic gene expression ( P < 0.05). These results indicated that NaBT could be used to alleviate the negative influence of high-fat diets on fish growth, intestinal microbiota homeostasis , and liver health.
研究领域:
水产养殖学
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营养学
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微生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
·
2022
·Vol. 84
·期 3
·392-401
·
IF 1.977
Shiyang Gao,Xiaoyu Zhao,Ben Niu,Kuo Chang,Weijun Chen
An 8-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (NaBT) inclusion in high-fat (HF) diets on growth performance, liver health, and disease resistance in Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella . Three diets (Control diet containing crude lipid at 58 g/kg, HF diet with 108-g/kg crude lipid, and NaBT diet with 108-g/kg crude lipid and 1-g/kg NaBT) were randomly assigned to nine tanks with 30 fish (9.50 ± 0.06 g) in each tank. After the feeding trial, disease resistance was assessed by injecting the fish with Aeromonas hydrophila . Compared to the Control diet group, the HF diet group showed lower specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and survival rate (15.7%) after the A. hydrophila challenge; significantly higher activity levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in plasma; higher malondialdehyde content; higher messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of interleukin-8, cysteinyl aspartate specific protease (caspase) 9, and caspase 3; lower activity level of glutathione peroxidase; and lower mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in liver. However, the NaBT diet significantly increased fish growth performance and survival rate (39.7%) after the A. hydrophila challenge and reduced hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis compared to the HF diet. In conclusion, NaBT can ameliorate the detrimental effects of HF diets on fish growth performance and fish health.
研究领域:
水产养殖学
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营养学
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免疫学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Aquaculture Reports
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2023
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IF 3.7
Yi Du,Long Cheng,Jianhua Zhao,Clement R. de Cruz,Hong Xu,Liansheng Wang,Qiyou Xu
This study investigated the effects of Clostridium butyricum (CB) and sodium butyrate (SB) on the growth performance, intestinal immune, and gut microbiota of mirror carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) fed with a high level of soybean meal. Three hundred sixty healthy carp fingerlings (∼3.74 g) were divided into eight dietary treatments with four replicates and ten fish per replicate. Which include basal diet (Control group, C0); C0 supplemented with three levels of CB, 3 × 10 7 cfu/kg (C1), 3 × 10 8 cfu/kg (C2), 3 × 10 9 cfu/kg (C3); three levels of SB, 500 mg/kg (S1), 1000 mg/kg (S2), 2 000 mg/kg (S3); and 3 × 10 8 cfu/kg CB+ 1 000 mg/kg SB (CS), respectively. In 8-week trial, the survival rate of all groups was 100%. Compared with C0, the Weight Gain, Feed Conversion Ratio, Protein Efficiency Ratio were not significantly different in all groups ( P > 0.05). Crude protein and ether extract contents were increased significantly ( P < 0.05) when supplemented with different levels of CB and SB, and ash content increased significantly in the CB groups ( P < 0.05). Serum globulin increased and glucose decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) in the CB and SB groups. The intestinal T-SOD and glutathione activity in the foregut, midgut, and hindgut were increased ( P < 0.05), and villus height of foregut and midgut were higher in the CB and SB ( P < 0.05). Protease activities in the foregut and midgut were significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in the C2, C3, S2, and S3. The lipase activity of the C2 and C3 in foregut, midgut, and hindgut; S2, S3, and CS in the foregut; S3 in midgut were significantly increased ( P < 0.05). The gut microbiota was modulated at the phylum and genera level by CB and SB administration. In summary, our results indicated that CB and SB could promote the whole body CP and EE content, intestine immunity, digestive enzyme activity, and intestinal morphology, and modulated gut flora in carp.
研究领域:
水产养殖
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营养学
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微生物学
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渔业科学
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DOI
高影响因子
CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2018
·Vol. 47
·期 4
·1617-1629
·
IF 5.5
Feng Wenqian,Wu Yancheng,Chen Guangxin,Fu Shoupeng,Li Bai,Huang Bingxu,Wang Dali,Wang Wei,Liu Juxiong
Background/Aims: Butyric acid plays an important role in maintaining intestinal health. Butyric acid has received special attention as a short-chain fatty acid, but its role in protecting the intestinal barrier is poorly characterized. Butyric acid not only provides energy for epithelial cells but also acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor; it is also a natural ligand for G protein-coupled receptor 109A (GPR109A). A GPR109A analog was expressed in Sus scrofa and mediated the anti-inflammatory effects of beta-hydroxybutyric acid. This study investigated the effects of butyrate on growth performance, diarrhea symptoms, and tight junction protein levels in 21-day-old weaned piglets. We also studied the mechanism by which butyric acid regulates intestinal permeability. Methods: Twenty-four piglets that had been weaned at an age of 21 days were divided randomly into 2 equal groups: basal diet group and sodium butyrate + basal diet group. Diarrhea rate, growth performance during 3 weeks of feeding on these diets were observed, the lactulose-mannitol ratio in urine were detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, the expression levels of tight junction proteins in the intestinal tract and related signaling molecules, such as GPR109A and Akt, in the colon were examined by quantitative real-time PCR or western blot analyses on day 21. Caco-2 cells were used as a colon cell model and cultured with or without sodium butyrate to assess the expression of tight junction proteins and the activation of related signaling molecules. GPR109A-short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and specific antagonists of Akt and ERK1/2 were used as signaling pathway inhibitors to elucidate the mechanism by which butyric acid regulates the expression of tight junction proteins and the colonic epithelial barrier. Results: The sodium butyrate diet alleviated diarrhea symptoms and decreased intestinal permeability without affecting the growth of early weaned piglets. The expression levels of the tight junction proteins Claudin-3, Occludin, and zonula occludens 1 were up-regulated by sodium butyrate in the colon and Caco-2 cells. GPR109A knockdown using shRNA or blockade of the Akt signaling pathway in Caco-2 cells suppressed sodium butyrate-induced Claudin-3 expression. Conclusions: Sodium butyrate acts on the Akt signaling pathway to facilitate Claudin-3 expression in the colon in a GPR109A-dependent manner
研究领域:
动物营养学
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胃肠病学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Microbiology
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Liu Han,Zhao Jing,Zhang Wenju,Nie Cunxi
Objective: Butyrate is thought to enhance intestinal mucosal homeostasis, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, further investigation on the mechanism of butyrate regulation of intestinal mucosal homeostasis was performed.Materials and methods: This study used weaned piglets with similar intestinal metabolic function to humans as a research model. The dietary supplemented 0.2% sodium butyrate group (0.2% S) and negative control group (CON) were established to detect the effects of butyrate on growth performance, intestinal tissue morphology, mucosal barrier function, and intestinal microbial community structure in weaned piglets.Results: There was an increase in average daily gain (ADG) during three different experimental periods and a reduction in average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) during days 1–35 and days 15–35 in 0.2% S compared with CON (P > 0.05). Furthermore, villus height in the ileum and duodenum was increased, and crypt depths in the colon and jejunum were reduced in both groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the ratio of villus height and crypt depth (V/C) in 0.2% S both in the ileum and jejunum was significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with CON. The relative mRNA expression of PKC, MUC1, CLDN1, and ITGB1 was upregulated in the ileum of 0.2% S compared with CON (P < 0.05). The digesta samples of 0.2% S, both in the ileum (P < 0.05) and colon, contained greater intestinal bacterial abundance and diversity of probiotics, including Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Megasphaera, and Blautia, which promoted amino acid metabolism and energy production and conversion in the colon and the synthesis of carbon-containing biomolecules in the ileum.Conclusion: In summary, dietary supplementation with 0.2% sodium butyrate was shown to have a tendency to improve the growth performance of weaned piglets and enhance intestinal mucosal barrier function via altering the gut microbiota.
研究领域:
动物营养学
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微生物学
·
胃肠病学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Materials Today Bio
·
2025
·
IF 10.2
Ying Xiang,Jinyu Zheng,Xinlu Zhao,Lina Zhou,Qiong Yan,Yichun Ma,Yue Zhou,Ping Jiang,Yi Fang,Wenjun Li,Yinya Pan,Hongji Tao,Wenying Li,Fan Xiang,Yang Hua,Yuyi Li,Chang Zheng,Weihong Ge,Yuhong Li,Simin Yan,Yun Zhu,Guifang Xu
While much attention has been focused on the direct cytotoxic effects of anticancer agents on tumor cells, emerging evidence suggests that the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) and the consequent remodeling of the tumor microenvironment may critically influence overall therapeutic efficacy. Sorafenib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can induce ferroptosis and thereby trigger ICD, offering the potential to overcome chemoresistance and coordinate systemic antitumor immunity. However, its therapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains limited, attributing to its low efficiency in inducing ICD. Herein, this study investigates combined sodium butyrate (NaB) and sorafenib in liposomal co-delivery system (LipNaB@Sor) at an optimal 1:1 molar ratio in CRC. LipNaB@Sor synergistically amplifies sorafenib-induced ferroptosis and consequent ICD, concurrently activating antitumor immunity through dendritic cell maturation and cytotoxic CD8 + T cell recruitment. Mechanistically, IRF2-mediated Oasl2 downregulation activates the cGAS-STING pathway, augmenting DNA damage signaling cascades. In vivo validation demonstrates significant tumor suppression and prolonged survival without observable toxicity, establishing LipNaB@Sor as a translatable strategy to overcome therapy resistance in immunologically unresponsive CRC.
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Inflammation Research
·
2025
·
IF 4.1
Jiaxin Di,Meifang Guo,Maijiao Peng,Leyao Fang,Junxi Shen,Nenqun Xiao,Zhoujin Tan
Purpose To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of sodium butyrate combined with SSP in treating diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome, providing experimental evidence for the modern application of classical Chinese medicine formulas.Methods A mouse model of diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome was established via adenine combined with Folium sennae gavage. After successful model establishment, the drug intervention groups were administered by gavage with 100% SSP decoction, 300 mg/mL sodium butyrate, and 100 mg/kg sodium butyrate + 50% SSP decoction, respectively. General physical conditions and organ indices were assessed. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, as well as colonic immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and mucin 2 (MUC2) levels, were determined via ELISA. Kidney and intestinal histology were evaluated via hematoxylin‒eosin (HE) staining. The characteristics of the small intestinal mucosal microbiota under different interventions were analysed via 16S rRNA sequencing.Results Compared with natural recovery, the combination of 100 mg/kg sodium butyrate + 50% SSP significantly restored colonic sIgA levels (p< 0.05) and MUC2 levels, indicating an improvement in intestinal mucosal barrier function. Histological analysis revealed that the combination of 100 mg/kg sodium butyrate + 50% SSP improved renal inflammation and restored intestinal villus length and crypt depth. The combination therapy controlled the relative abundance of Corynebacterium while restoring Dwaynesavagella and Megasphaera_A. Correlation analysis indicated that Mammaliicoccus and Corynebacterium were significantly negatively correlated with sIgA and MUC2 levels and that their relative abundances were inhibited by the combination therapy.Conclusion Sodium butyrate enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of SSP. The combination therapy effectively repaired damaged kidneys and intestines and alleviated diarrhea with kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome by modulating the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota and enhancing intestinal immunity as well as mucosal barrier function. The interaction between the intestinal microbiota and intestinal mucosal protective factors may be a key mechanism in the combined treatment of diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome.
研究领域:
药理学
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中医学
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微生物学
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免疫学
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胃肠病学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
·
2025
·Vol. 31
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 6.4
Liu Miao,Xie Wen-jie,Zhang Xu,Wu Wei,Li Guang,Wang Lu
Background Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). We will explore the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on macrophage function.Methods The targets of butyric acid were identified using SwissTargetPrediction database and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Limited proteolysis mass spectrometry (Lip-MS) was used to further investigate the binding sites of butyric acid with its targets and molecular docking was employed to simulate their binding modes. Macrophage polarization model was established with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) and β-arrestin2 expression and macrophage polarization markers were detected with or without SB.Results TGR5 was identified as the target of butyric acid. Moreover, the amino acid regions 275–286 and 321–330 of TGR5 (GPBAR1 [275–286] and GPBAR1 [321–330]) were the potential binding regions for butyric acid. Based on molecular docking analysis, butyric acid formed effective hydrogen-bonding interactions with ASP-284 and TYR-287 of TGR5. In cell experiments, LPS inhibited the expression of TGR5, β-arrestin2, IL-10, ARG1, and CD206 and increased the expression of IL-1β, iNOS, and CD86, while SB reversed the effect of LPS. SBI-115, a TGR5 antagonist, and knockdown of β-arrestin2 inhibited the effect of sodium butyrate. INT-777, a TGR5 agonist, reversed the inhibitory effect of knockdown of β-arrestin2.Conclusion SB inhibited M1-like polarization and promoted M2-like polarization induced by LPS via TGR5/β-arrestin2 in RAW264.7 cells and TGR5 was the target of SB.
研究领域:
免疫学
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药理学
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胃肠病学
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细胞生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）