In this work, the diffusion coefficient and electrocrystallization of yttrium in LiCl-KCl eutectic are typically investigated using different electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP) and chronoamperometry (CA) techniques. At temperature from 673 to 823 K, the diffusion coefficients of two yttrium concentrations (YCl3 = 3.816 × 10−5 and 9.981 × 10−5 mol ml−1) were determined by CP and CV methods in a range from 0.453 \times 10−5 to 8.25 \times 10−5 cm2 s−1. The nucleation of Y electrodeposition is confirmed to be an instantaneous mode regardless the given temperature, over-potential and concentrations. The morphology of yttrium nuclei and growth evolution on a tungsten surface were characterized by the SEM-EDS. Some individual circular regions corresponding to initial Y nucleation sites are firstly observed on the tungsten surface. The subsequent formed Y nuclei were found to migrate toward those circular nucleation sites to extend its growth on the inside and peripheral of the circle. In addition, no distinct dendritic structure for the Y deposition was observed on the W surface.
One-dimensional nanostructure arrays hold great promise for orthogonalizing light absorption and carrier collection, and thus have been attractive building blocks for next-generation solar cells. Therefore, it is highly desired to build one-dimensional nanostructure arrays of novel photovoltaic materials. In this work, for the first time, the ternary BiSI nanorod arrays have been successfully fabricated on a tungsten substrate for application in solar cells. These nanorods have an oriented growth along the [001] direction. The UV–vis–NIR absorption results demonstrate that the prepared BiSI nanorods exhibit a continuous strong absorption in the entire visible light region with an indirect band gap of 1.57 eV. A solid-state solar-cell device utilizing the as-grown BiSI nanorod arrays as the n-type absorber layer and CuSCN as the p-type window layer is also developed. The assembled solar-cell device can reach a power conversion efficiency of 0.66% with a fill factor of 52.81%. Therefore, the present study reveals the potential of BiSI nanorod arrays as absorber materials for application in low-cost solar cells.
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