Journal of Environmental Sciences
·
2024
·
IF 5.9
Yuming Huang,Lin Liu,Hang Yang,Huixuan Yi,Xiangyu Li,Linqian Li,Dawei Lu,Qian Liu,Guibin Jiang
Accurately distinguishing between the endogenous formation and exogenous exposure of Fe-bearing particles (e.g., magnetic Fe particles) within biological organisms is the prerequisite for scientifically evaluating their health risks. However, this remains a challenging task due to lacking the comprehensive understanding of the endogenous formation process of Fe-bearing particles. Here, we report the formation dynamics of Fe-bearing particles under conditions closely resembling actual physiological conditions, and compare the morphological and structural differences between endogenous and exogenous Fe-bearing particles. We find that Fe-bearing particles can indeed form under physiological conditions at 37°C. In this process, phosphate plays a crucial role in the oxidation and mineralization of iron ions. Moreover, endogenously formed Fe-bearing particles typically have a diameter of less than 8 nm, and iron is the only metal element present. Therefore, we propose that Fe-bearing particles found in the body with a diameter larger than 8 nm are mainly derived from exogenous exposure. For Fe-bearing particles smaller than 8 nm, it is necessary to combine associated elements and crystal structure characteristics to distinguish between endogenous and exogenous sources. This study provides direct evidence from endogenous metabolism for tracing Fe-bearing particles, especially magnetic iron particles, within the human body.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
·
环境科学
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Materials Technologies
·
2021
·Vol. 6
·期 8
·2100004
·
IF 7.848
Xiaocheng Hu,Yimou Fu,Yide Liu,Binhong Liu,Shaoxing Qu
Adhesion appears in nature as a kind of clinging strategy for living creatures to survive in a complex environment. Nevertheless, the artificial counterpart applications are limited by many factors, such as slow responding rate and high driving voltage. In this paper, a novel magnetic adhesion achieved by the actuation of Ecoflex embedded with iron particles is presented, which is demonstrated by a magnetic suction cup (MSC) that can switch the adhesion state within 500 ms. Compared with suction cups made of the dielectric elastomer in existing literature, the present work's driving voltage is safe for humans. Furthermore, a mechanical model is developed and verified to optimize the design of the MSCs. By applying an altering magnetic field, the adhesive force varying with time exhibits complex waveforms such as sinusoidal wave, triangle wave, square wave, and even pulse wave can be achieved. For some situations that large adhesion force is not necessarily considered while the adhesion requires to be accurately and quickly controlled, such as transfer printing and intelligent sensing, the magnetic adhesion demonstrated in this article will enrich the future available applications.
研究领域:
仿生学
·
材料科学
·
机器人学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 55
·期 26
·11970-11983
·
IF 3.553
Niu Yingchun,Li Xueai,Dong Wenqi,Zhang Can,Zhao Kuihu,Wang Fengyan,Wang Haiyan
Carbon and iron composites have drawn much attention for their unique electromagnetic properties. In addition, nitrogen doping of carbon can effectively modulate the dielectric properties of carbon. Therefore, synthesis of N-doped carbon and iron composites is an alternative method for obtaining high-efficiency microwave absorption materials. In previous studies, the synthesis process was very complicated including multistep routes. In this work, N-doped carbon with embedded Fe/Fe 3 C was synthesized in-situ via pyrolysis of amino phenol formaldehyde resin (APF) scattered with Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles (APF/Fe 2 O 3 ), which was obtained through a simple hydrothermal process. During the heat-treatment process, the APF resin was converted into N-doped carbon, and simultaneously, the Fe 2 O 3 was reduced to iron nanoparticles. Then, inevitably, the iron nanoparticles reacted with carbon to form Fe 3 C at the interface between the iron particles and carbon. Taking advantage of multiple heterogenous interface, the interfacial polarization relaxation could be enhanced. Therefore, the N-doped carbon with embedded Fe/Fe 3 C particles displays microwave absorption with a maximum reflection loss of − 70 dB. Moreover, the effective absorption bandwidth (reflection loss of less than − 10 dB) reaches 6.02 GHz at a thickness of 2.13 mm. This study not only provides composites of N-doped carbon with embedded Fe/Fe 3 C particles with excellent stable microwave absorption but also offers a simple method for synthesizing N-doped carbon with embedded Fe/Fe 3 C particles.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电磁学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Yang Zhang,Xingwei Wang,Shuangshuang Yang,Chuanpeng Li,Tao Dong,Qiangliang Yu
The magnetic microwave absorption (MA) materials are prone to corrosion in high temperature and high humidity environments, leading to a deterioration in the MA performance, so, the development of composite coatings with comprehensive properties such as excellent absorption performance, corrosion resistance , and oxidation resistance holds significant importance in the field of stealth technology. In this study, a core-shell structure MA materials titanium dioxide coated carbonyl iron particle (CIP@TiO 2 ) was prepared and utilized as a filler in the preparation of composite coatings. The results show that the low-frequency impedance modulus of composite coating improves by three orders of magnitude from 4.5 × 10 5 Ω cm 2 to 2.5 × 10 8 Ω cm 2 , demonstrating outstanding corrosion resistance. The TiO 2 shell not only improves CIP's electromagnetic parameters but also optimizes the impedance matching of the composite material. The CIP@TiO 2 coating achieves a minimum reflection loss of −56.8 dB at a thickness of 1.2 mm and an effective bandwidth of 6.57 GHz at a thickness of 0.6 mm, demonstrating excellent absorption performance. This study provides a novel approach for preparing composite materials with superior corrosion-resistant and absorptive properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
隐身技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
·
2024
·
IF 11.4
Xinyi Qin,Yitian He,Shuming Liu,Baoyou Shi
The widespread presence of iron (Fe) particles and natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) can significantly affect tap water quality, contributing to aesthetic issues and potentially generating harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs). This study revealed that Fe particles, when combined with humic acid (HA), substantially increased DBP formation during chlorination. Fe particles (particularly preformed Fe particles) significantly increased haloacetic acid (HAA) formation by activating the persistent free radicals (PFRs) in the HA. Compared with the control system without Fe particles, greater than 2 times of HAA increase were observed for the system with Fe pariticles. PFRs accumulated on Fe particle surface could generate hydroxyl radicals, facilitating the decomposition of HA into smaller molecules, which were more reactive with chlorine disinfectants, thus elevated the DBP formation including both known and unknown N-DBPs and Cl-DBPs. The DBP promotion effect of in-situ formed Fe particles was much less than that of preformed Fe particles although both in-situ formed and preformed Fe particles could accumulate PFRs from HA. In-situ formed particles primarily accumulated carbon-centered PFRs, while preformed particles accumulated oxygen-centered PFRs. To mitigate the Fe particle induced water quality risks, it is crucial to control iron pipe corrosion and iron release in DWDS. In addtion, the optimization of treatment processes such as coagulation and filtration to more completely remove NOM and Fe particles could help minimize the DBP formation.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
·
公共卫生
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2021
·
IF 9.229
Yongyu Lu,Zhanxun Che,Fangyuan Sun,Sen Chen,He Zhou,Pengju Zhang,Yang Yu,Lei Sheng,Jing Liu
Magnetic liquid metal is regarded as a promising material due to its integration of fluidic, metallic, and magnetic properties simultaneously. Previously, few methods of fabricating magnetic liquid metal have been proposed. However, either the alloying reaction inside the matrix or the poor performance in electrical and thermal conduction is troublesome in practical applications. Here, inspired by the mussel in nature, polydopamine is introduced to in situ reduce and immobilize silver shells on the surface of iron particles, and then the modified particles mix with liquid metal to prepare liquid metal-based magnetic suspensions (LMMSs). The silver shells can prevent iron particles from alloying with liquid metal and enhance the electrical and thermal conductivities of the LMMS concurrently. Besides, the LMMS thus obtained can keep its magnetism intact for a long period, at least during the 60 days of the test. Compared to directly mixing bare iron particles with liquid metal, the maximum electrical conductivities increase by at least 13.69% and the thermal conductivities increase by almost 4 times in the LMMS. The LMMS also exhibits potential applications in patterning and magnetic manipulation. This work puts forward a new strategy for preparing a LMMS with appealing properties and its broad applications are expected in the future.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
·
生物仿生学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
·
2019
·
IF 2.683
Xinlu Guo,Zhengjun Yao,Haiyan Lin,Jintang Zhou,Yuxin Zuo,Xiangyu Xu,Bo Wei,Wenjing Chen,Kun Qian
In this study, novel CIP@EP composites with a core-shell structure were prepared by using the in-situ polymerization method. The phase structure, morphology and thermal stability were investigated by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM and TG. The results indicated that EP were densely covered on the surface of CIP particles, and with the increase of EP contents, the EP shell became thicker, which effectively strengthened the thermal stability of the materials. The magnetic and electromagnetic properties of the composites were systematically investigated. It was found that the content of EP played an important role in improving the magnetic and dielectric properties. High EP content can effectively improve the impedance matching between the dielectric and magnetic loss of the absorbers and enhance the EM wave absorption ability of the composites. This study proves that the CIP@30%EP exhibits an excellent EM wave absorption ability, which has higher value of R L and wider absorption width than other CIP@EP composites. The CIP@30%EP has a strong reflection loss peak of −16.1 dB and wide effective absorption bandwidths of 5.4 GHz at the thickness of 2.2 mm. Furthermore, the method utilized to synthesis the CIP@EP composites can be a suitable and efficient way to prepare other spherical microwave absorption materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电磁学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.3
Junxiao Li,Bochong Wang,Qijun Sun,Congpu Mu,Jianyong Xiang,Anmin Nie,Kun Zhai,Tianyu Xue,Fusheng Wen,Zhongyuan Liu
To cope with the complex electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic pollution environment, it is necessary to develop the electromagnetic interference shielding products with adjustable shielding efficiency. One of the solutions is to modulate the shielding efficiency by changing a shape of the products. In this work, the polylactic acid-graphite nanoplatelets Janus films with both high and modulated shielding efficiency were prepared by hot pressing method. The shape-memory organic polymer Polylactic Acid (PLA) was used as the base material, whose morphology can be adjusted by changing the ambient temperature. The highly conductive Graphite Nanoplatelets (GNPs) was used as efficient electromagnetic shielding layer. And, a small amount of carbonyl iron particles (CIP) was added into the Janus films to enhance the conductivity of GNPs layer, while realize the pre-deformation state of PLA layer under the non-contact magnetic force. As the GNPs layer thickness increased, the maximum electromagnetic shielding performance of the Janus film reached around 68 dB in the frequency range of 8–26.5 GHz. The surface temperature of the Janus film can be regulated by applying contact current and non-contact light irradiation, to realize the deformation of the Janus film. The electromagnetic shielding performance of Janus film can be manually adjusted to a certain expected value (10–50 dB) by controlling the applied current and irradiation time. The GNPs-PLA Janus films can be applied in complex electromagnetic environments and have enormous research value and development potential in the field of controllable electromagnetic interference shielding.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电磁学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
·
2020
·
IF 9.13
Xiaoyu Yu,Jianliang Sun,Guibiao Li,Yi Huang,Yu Li,Dehua Xia,Feng Jiang
The sulfate radical (•SO 4 − )-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the degradation of refractory organic pollutants consume a large amount of persulfate activators and often generate toxic organic by-products. In this study, we proposed a novel iron-cycling process integrating •SO 4 − -based AOP mediated by reusable iron particles and a sulfidogenic process to degrade and detoxify Orange II completely. The rusted waste iron particles (Fe 0 @Fe x O y ), which contained Fe II /Fe III oxides (Fe x O y ) on the shell and zero-valent iron (Fe 0 ) in the core, efficiently activated persulfate to produce •SO 4 − and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) to degrade over 95% of Orange II within 120 min. Both •SO 4 − and •OH destructed Orange II through a sequence of electron transfer , electrophilic addition and hydrogen abstraction reactions to generate several organic by-products (e.g., aromatic amines and phenol), which were more toxic than the untreated Orange II. The AOP-generated organic by-products were further mineralized and detoxified in a sulfidogenic bioreactor with sewage treatment together. In a 170-d trial, the organic carbon removal efficiency was up to 90%. The inhibition of the bioreactor effluents on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa became negligible, due to the complete degradation and mineralization of toxic AOP-generated by-products by aromatic-degrading bacteria (e.g., Clostridium and Dechloromonas ) and other bacteria. The sulfidogenic process also well recovered the used Fe 0 @Fe x O y particles through the reduction of surface Fe III back into Fe II by hydrogen sulfide formed and iron-reducing bacteria (e.g., Sulfurospirillum and Paracoccus ). The regenerated Fe 0 @Fe x O y particles had more reactive surface Fe II sites and exhibited much better reactivity in activating persulfate in at least 20 reuse cycles. The findings demonstrate that the integrated process is a promising solution to the remediation of toxic and refractory organic pollutants because it reduces the chemical cost of persulfate activation and also completely detoxifies the toxic by-products.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
污染治理
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Soft Matter
·
2023
·Vol. 19
·期 5
·1008-1016
·
IF 3.4
Xiaodong Si,Mingliang Luo,Mingzhong Li,Yuben Ma,Yige Huang,Yunzhi Ge
A soft magnetic elastomer, called a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE), based on a polyacrylamide (PAM) modified carbonyl iron particle (P-CIP) composite and a water-soluble PAM matrix was designed and prepared by the chemical polymerization and crosslinking method. P-CIPs were synthesized by the polymerization of an acrylamide monomer on the CIP surface to improve the oxidation resistance of CIPs and the interaction between the particles and polymer matrix in the MRE. The results obtained from infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) (in a nitrogen atmosphere) show that the coating effect of the polymer on the particle surface is very good. TGA (in an air atmosphere) curves indicate that the P-CIPs show strong oxidation resistance. Meanwhile, the test results obtained for the magnetic properties show that the MRE with P-CIPs has a saturation magnetization (94.7 emu g−1), a relative magnetorheological effect (687.5%), and a Payne effect factor (92%) under the action of a strong magnetic field (1 T). It was also clearly found that these properties are enhanced with increasing magnetic field intensity. Furthermore, the chain effect of magnetic particles under a magnetic field, the strong particle–matrix interaction and its breakdown process with increasing shear strain were discussed in this work.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
磁学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY
·
2017
·Vol. 61
·期 3
·515-524
·
IF 3.136
Yang Jianjian,Yan Hua,Dai Jun,Hu Zhide,Zhang Hansong
In this study, carbonyl iron based magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) with 12-hydroxy stearic acid (12-HSA) oil solutions as carrier were fabricated. Rheological performance of the magnetorheological fluid, including viscosity, yielding, magnetic hysteresis, dynamic modulus as well as thixotropic behavior, was investigated by using a rotational rheometer equipped with a magnetic device. It is found that the 12-HSA gave rise to an increase in the off-state viscosity and shear stress in the absence of magnetic field, indicating gel structure developed in the suspensions. This gel network associating with field-induced particle structure lead a substantial yield stress and dynamic modulus. The hysteresis test validated that the gel like network had a certain effect on maintaining the aggregation structure after removing the magnetic field. Dynamic oscillatory tests showed that 12-HSA solution based MRF exhibits solidlike property in the absence of magnetic field. The dependence of plateau value G′ on magnetic field showed relationship of natural logarithm. Regarding to the thixotropy, a longer recovery progress was observed in 12-HSA solution based MRF due to the restriction of gel network. The sedimentation measurements revealed that the strong flocculation could be formed by 12-HSA and enhances the stability of suspensions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
流变学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
·
2019
·
IF 4.12
Long Cheng,Hongtao Yang,Yue Yang,Yifan Li,Yingyi Meng,Yanchun Li,Dongming Song,Houhe Chen,Ramón Artiaga
The application of boron in fuel-rich solid propellant is limited by its long combustion time, ignition delay and low combustion efficiency. To overcome these problems, B/Nitrocellulose (NC)/Fe particles were fabricated by electrospraying. The reactivity and combustion behavior of B/NC/Fe particles were characterized by TG/DSC, oxygen bomb calorimeter and laser ignition. Compared with pure boron, lower oxidation temperature was observed in the thermal analysis of prepared particles. Meanwhile, the prepared particles released more heat and ignite more readily during the combustion. Furthermore, B/NC/Fe particles were added into Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)/Ammonium perchlorate (AP) propellants as additives to test their combustion performance. The burning rate of propellants in air and closed bomb were both improved by 8.20% and 117%, respectively. Overall, B/NC/Fe particles not only show the superior reaction performance, but also contribute to the tunable burning rate of propellants.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧与推进
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）