Sweet sorghum stalks can be utilized for the preparation of carbon materials, which can then be applied as negative electrode materials in lead–carbon batteries. In this study, sweet sorghum stalks were pretreated with 5 wt.% H 3 PO 4 and subsequently carbonized at 550 °C for 105 min. Subsequently, the electrochemical properties of lead-coated sorghum stalk–based carbon materials, prepared under varying reduction durations, were investigated through EIS and CV tests. On this basis, the negative electrode materials, which consisted of the lead-coated sorghum stalk–based carbon material (under the reduction time of 45 min) and physically ground comparison materials, were assembled into simulated lead–carbon batteries. The charge–discharge performance of these batteries was evaluated using a charge–discharge tester. The initial discharge capacities of the two materials were 73.0 mAh/g and 57.24 mAh/g, respectively. After 150 cycles, the capacity retention ratios were 71.8% and 57.5%, respectively. These results indicate that the simulated lead–carbon battery with the newly prepared carbon material exhibits superior electrochemical performance.
Dielectric film capacitors are a highly ubiquitous and indispensable electronic component, serving a crucial role in a wide array of electronic devices and power systems. Despite their extensive use, polymer film capacitors are often hampered by the conduction loss that ensues when they are subjected to high electric fields and temperatures. As a result, this leads to a significant reduction in energy density and charge-discharge efficiency. To solve this issue, magnetron sputtering technology was used to create a sandwich structure made of polyetherimide (PEI) thin films with lead zirconate titanate (PZT) inorganic layers coated on both sides. This remarkable innovation has successfully introduced the high dielectric PZT layer in the PEI film/metal electrode, substantially augmenting the barrier height at the dielectric/polymer interface. This has also resulted in a marked decrease in conduction loss, as conclusively validated by the experimental findings. At 150 °C and with charge-discharge efficiency above 90%, the maximum discharged energy density is 3.26 J/cm 3 , which is increased by 263% compared to the pristine PEI films (1.24 J/cm 3 at 290 MV/m and 150 °C). This study designed a unique inorganic barrier layer of PZT to increase the energy storage capability of polymer dielectric films in high-temperature environments.
In this paper, an Al/TiB 2 layered composite was prepared by plasma spraying for use as the base material to reduce resistivity and improve electrochemical performance in an electrode. The β-PbO 2 coating was prepared by electrochemical deposition . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the Al/TiB 2 composite and the β-PbO 2 coating. The electrochemical performance of the Al/TiB 2 /β-PbO 2 and Ti/β-PbO 2 composites was studied by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), Tafel polarization curves (Tafel) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate that Al/TiB 2 /β-PbO 2 composite electrode materials with a uniform structure were successfully prepared by plasma spraying and electrochemical deposition. The structure of the Al/TiB 2 composite improves the conductivity of the electrode matrix, the optimal value of conductivity is 2.76 × 10 7 S m −1 , and the optimal value of density is 8.758 g cm −3 for β-PbO 2 coating. The composite also decreases the charge resistance in the double layer structure of the electrode surface, accelerating the charge transfer rate. Compared with the Ti matrix, the Al/TiB 2 /β-PbO 2 exhibited the best corrosion-resistant performance and electrochemical catalytic activity for electrowinning of nonferrous metals .
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