HYDROMETALLURGY
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2019
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IF 3.465
Yukun Shen,Huibin Zhang,Huazhen Cao,Liankui Wu,Guoqu Zheng
An efficient method for extracting bismuth (Bi 3+ ) from a hydrochloric acid (HCl) system by cementation with copper (Cu 0 ) powder was proposed in this work. The thermodynamic properties of cementation were investigated via cyclic voltammetry measurement and thermodynamic calculation. Then, the effects of reaction temperature, Cu 0 /Bi 3+ molar ratio, stirring rate, HCl concentration, and competing ions on the cementation efficiency of bismuth were systematically investigated. Results showed that the cementation reaction between bismuth and copper powder was thermodynamically spontaneous. A Bi recovery of 99% could be achieved with copper powder under an optimized cementation condition (6 mol L −1 HCl, 60 °C, Cu 0 /Bi 3+ molar ratio of 4, stirring rate of 500 rpm, and reaction time of 30 min). Kinetics study revealed that Cu 0 -Bi 3+ cementation followed a first-order reaction law in the range of 20 °C–60 °C. The activation energy of bismuth cementation was 8.58 kJ mol −1 . The generated cuprous ions can be recovered as copper sulfides by sulfuration after Bi 3+ was extracted. This finding indicated that Cu 0 powder cementation showed potential for Bi 3+ extraction.
研究领域:
化学工程
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冶金学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2023
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IF 8.4
Wei Jin,Shenghai Yang,Chaobo Tang,Yun Li,Cong Chang,Yongming Chen
Traditional bismuthinite concentrate precipitation smelting has problems of low recovery of valuable metals (e.g., Bi, Cu, Mo, and Ag), high fuel consumption, and high cost of SO2 flue gas treatment. Therefore, in this study, an eco-friendly alkaline smelting process was proposed to extract metallic bismuth and recover valuable metals. The phase equilibrium composition of the Bi2S3-Na2CO3-C system was revealed by thermodynamic simulations at different temperatures and reductant contents. Based on reaction product characterizations and thermodynamic simulations, the following reaction mechanism and suitable bismuth extraction path were confirmed: Bi2S3 first reacted with Na2CO3 to form Bi2O3 and Na2S, and the intermediate (Bi2O3) was then reduced to metallic Bi by both C and CO. Under optimized conditions (Wbismuthinite/WNa2CO3/Wcoke = 200:300:20, 900 °C, 150 min), up to 96.56% Bi, 75.07% Pb, and 85.11% Ag were enriched in crude bismuth, respectively, while 93.57% Cu, 70.23% Fe, 96.63% Mo, and 94.34% W entered the salt slag. More than 99.9% W and Mo were recovered as Na2WO4 and Na2MoO4, respectively, from the salt slag by water leaching. In the leaching residue, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and elemental sulfur could be recovered by flotation.
研究领域:
冶金学
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环境科学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 8.4
Cong Chang,Shenghai Yang,Shanshan Liu,Henghui Wang,Hong Liu,Junjie Qu,Wei Jin,Changhong Wang,Yongming Chen
As the mainstream hydrometallurgical medium of bismuth sulfide concentrate, chloride/hydrochloric acid suffers from high volatility, strong corrosiveness, and inferior deposit quality. In this paper, methanesulfonic acid (MSA) with low volatility and high stability was adopted as the bismuth hydrometallurgical system, and the membrane electrochemical deposition method was proposed to extract bismuth metal from a bismuth-containing solution. The effects of additives, such as calcium lignosulfonate (CL), tetrabutylammonium chloride, β-naphthol, and lugalvan NES, on the morphology of bismuth deposits and electric energy consumption (EEC) were investigated in detail. The addition of CL as an additive could produce dense and flat bismuth deposits while the EEC is reduced simultaneously. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry analysis reveal the electrochemical behavior of bismuth deposition in the CL-assisted MSA medium, and the nucleation and growth of bismuth grains follow a 3D ″nucleation/growth″ mechanism. Under a cathode current density of 180 A/m2, a flat metallic bismuth deposit (purity > 99.96%) is produced in the presence of 0.5 g/L CL. The cathodic current efficiency (CCE) and EEC of membrane electrodeposition are 98.25% and 705 kWh/t Bi, respectively. Compared with chloride/hydrochloric acid, the bismuth membrane electrodeposition process in the CL-assisted MSA system has the advantages of being energy-saving, green, and safe, and it has a good application prospect in the field of bismuth hydrometallurgy.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）