Dong Jiang,Wenzhong Wang,Erping Gao,Ling Zhang,Songmei Sun
For conventional photocatalysis, the energy threshold rather than merely the spectral response is always restricted that the infrared part (48% of solar energy) has never been efficiently utilized, undesirably elevating the temperature and damaging the photon-to-electron conversion. It remains challenging to conquer the IR-related contradiction and integrate the infrared energy into the solar energy conversion. Herein, we logically designed a Bi-induced synergistic photo/thermocatalyst (fluorite Ce1–xBixO2−δ nanorods), where the coupled ionic conductivity accompanying highly reductive Bi and concomitant oxygen vacancies helped bring about integration of photocatalysis with synergistic low temperature (20–80 °C, IR-driven) catalysis, promising for the effective utilization of infrared energy. More generally, through our results a feasible methodology is verified in detail that integration of semiconductor photocatalysis with solid state ionics may help design brand new catalysts, shedding light on the practical solar energy conversion.
Bismuth is a promising anode material for potassium-ion batteries due to its green, non-toxic and high theoretical capacity (384 mAh g −1 ). However, the sluggish reaction kinetics and excessive volume expansion during cycling limit its practical application. Herein, Bi-induced few-layered graphite frameworks are in situ encapsulated on the surface of Bi nanoparticles, based on the mechanism of graphitization by rearrangement of interstitial carbon atoms during the nucleation process of Bi, while these composite particles are embedded in Bi-doped porous carbon fibers composite. The graphite frameworks can stabilize the structure while serving as an efficient interfacial transfer layer, enabling rapid transport of both potassium ions and electrons. Bi atoms doped into the carbon fiber matrix effectively enhances the potassium ion transport kinetics in amorphous carbon by lowering the migration energy barrier of potassium ions in the carbon layer. The porous structure effectively alleviates the volume expansion of Bi nanoparticles during cycling, which synergistically results in superior high-rate performance and cycling stability. Finally, the capacity can reach 215 mAh g −1 at 10 A g −1 , and a capacity retention rate of 83.8% is achieved after 6000 cycles at 10 A g −1 with an ultra-low decay rate of 0.00278% per cycle.
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