Lu Chunxiao,Zhao Ye,Zhang Qiwei,Li Shuai,Li Pengyu,Guo Yu,Li Yong,Zhang Liwen,Hao Xihong
Transparent ferroelectric ceramics, emerging as innovative photoelectric multifunctional coupling material, demonstrate significant potential for applications in optical storage and smart windows. However, achieving high transparency via manipulation of the preparation process, microstructure, and phase structure poses a considerable challenge. Here, we employ multiple strategies, including the fabrication technology regulation and donor doping of La 3+ and Tb 3+ at the A-site of K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 to fabricate exceptional transparent ceramics coupled with multi-mode reversible modulations of transparency, photochromism, and photoluminescence. This research offers a novel perspective on the design of transparent multifunctional materials.
Multimodal sensing in thermomechanically coupled environments, such as lithium–ion battery monitoring, remains constrained by inter-modal interference and low sensitivity to environmental changes. This work presents a decoupling strategy using a modulus-heterogeneous “rotating square” auxetic structure to vertically separate a thermoresistive temperature sensor array from a piezoelectric strain sensor array. This design near-perfectly eliminates thermo-mechanical crosstalk, enabling simultaneous detection of subtle thermal and mechanical variations over a wide temperature range. Specifically, the rigid regions of the auxetic structure rotate under tensile strain to isolate the temperature sensors from deformation, while the stretchable regions expand laterally to enhance in-plane strain in the potassium sodium niobate (KNN)-based piezoelectric layer, compensating for its intrinsically low d 31 coefficient. Benefiting from this architecture, the thermoresistive sensor provides stable, independent responses from 25 to 130 °C with 0.1 °C resolution. Simultaneously, the first developed piezoelectric unit, based on a lead-free KNN ceramic framework, achieves 100% stretchability and reliably detects surface protrusions as small as 5 µm without thermal interference. When deployed on a pouch-cell battery, the sensor array reliably detects both overheating and swelling, offering a compact and robust dual-parameter sensing solution with strong potential for structural health monitoring in complex environments.
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