Stereoisomers play an irreplaceable prominent role in life sciences. In molecular engineering, the isomers have been continuously designed and synthesized, and their interrelationships among structure-property-function have also been explored. However, the difficulties in purification and structural confirmation of tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivatives' stereoisomers hinder their structural diversity and scope of functions. Meanwhile, there were few researches on the macroscopic optical differences about TPE derivatives isomers. Herein, isoniazid-substituted TPE derivatives stereoisomers have been synthesized, as confirmed by single crystal data, mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The different photophysical properties were caused by the introduction of functional group isoniazid on the periphery of TPE. These isomers possessed dramatic differences in fluorescent properties, and exhibited diverse changes in response to stimuli. They also have distinct aggregated self-assembly morphologies because of different intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and they can be used as efficient fluorescent probes for detecting copper. Based on the coordination-driven sensing system, the morphologies of isomers aggregates changed significantly after interaction with copper, and the stoichiometry between them is 2:1. The theoretical calculation demonstrated that they have obvious intramolecular charge transfer behavior. Our research provided a good strategy for designing different substituted groups that can produce various functions and have more potential applications.
Hao Wan,Qiyong Sun,Haibo Li,Fei Sun,Ning Hu,Ping Wang
Herein, we present a novel miniaturized multisensor chip integrated with a nanoband electrode array (NEA) for lead and copper detection and a light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) for pH sensing. By this means, pH information could be provided before electrochemical analysis to ensure high performance in heavy metal quantification due to the significant effects of solution acidity on electrochemical analyses. The fabrication processes of the multisensor chip are described in detail and the electrochemical behaviour of NEA was characterized using cyclic voltammetry in sulfuric acid and acetate buffer. For the detection of lead and copper qualitatively and quantitatively, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was applied with the standard addition method. Deposition potential and deposition time were optimized to be −0.6 V and 120 s, respectively. NEA exhibited a sensitivity of 0.510 μA pbb−1 and 0.678 μA ppb−1 towards lead and copper, respectively, with high correlation coefficients. The repetitive and long-term experiments also demonstrated the good reproducibility and stability of NEA in heavy metal detection. Moreover, the silicon nitride modified LAPS showed a pH sensitivity of 56.49 mV pH−1 with a high correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The reproducibility of LAPS was also investigated and a deviation of less than 2 mV was obtained in both the samples. These results indicate that the miniaturized multisensor chip demonstrates good electrochemical performance in heavy metal and pH sensing.
Copper is an essential element in the human body, participating in various physiological activities in the bodies of organisms. However, an excessive load of Cu2+ is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases and prion diseases, also identified as a symptom of Wilson's disease (WD). A straightforward, rapid, sensitive, and specific copper sensor is highly required but remains a challenge. In this study, guided by the simulation, we developed a chemical sensor using a cascade signal amplification strategy based on the Cu-catalyzed click reaction, combined with a fluorescence-enhanced substrate with gold nanorods coupled with silver nanoislands. The sensor can selectively detect Cu2+ as low as 3.87 nM within 10 min. We have demonstrated that this method can be directly employed for WD diagnosis in urine samples. In addition, using antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) as an example, we verify whether this assay can be adapted to other targets where Cu is designed as an indirect indicator.
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