APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2021
·
IF 6.707
Yulei Yuan,Houya Wu,Junjie Li,Pengli Zhu,Rong Sun
The development of WBG (wide bandgap) semiconductors has put forward higher requirements for packaging and interconnection technology. Cu sintering is widely considered as an advanced interconnection technology which can be used in high temperature and high power density service. In this paper, a new type of self-reducible Cu nanoparticle paste was proposed to solve the problems of easy oxidation and high sintering temperature of normal Cu nanoparticles. The proposed Cu paste was developed by mixing formic acid treated Cu nanoparticles, reducing solvents and MOD (metal organic decomposition) solutions. Based on the new type of self-reducible Cu nanoparticle paste, Cu-Cu bonding experiments were carried out with different bonding temperature and time, and a reliable Cu-Cu joint with a high shear strength of 52.01 MPa can be achieved at 250 °C under ambient condition, without any assistance of reducing or inert atmosphere. In addition, the MOD assisted self-reduction and sintering mechanism was proposed after shear strength testing, element composition analyzing, cross-sectional morphology and fracture structure observation, which can provide an effective theoretical support for the practical application of Cu-Cu bonding.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电子封装技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2021
·Vol. 29
·期 7
·9780-9791
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IF 4.223
Huang Wenqiu,Zhou Yuping,Zhao Ting,Tan Liju,Wang Jiangtao
In this study, the marine microalgae Skeletonema costatum and Nitzschia closterium were exposed to different forms of copper, such as a metal salt (Cu 2+ ), a nano-metal (nano-Cu), and nano-metal oxide (nano-CuO). During a 96-h exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) and salt, the cell number, Cu 2+ concentration in the culture medium, morphology, and intracellular amino acids were measured to assess the toxicity of the copper materials and the toxicity mechanism of the NPs. As results, the toxicity of Cu 2+ , nano-Cu, and nano-CuO to marine phytoplankton decreased in order. The EC 50 values of Cu 2+ and nano-Cu for S. costatum and N. closterium ranged from 0.356 to 0.991 mg/L and 0.663 to 2.455 mg/L, respectively. Nano-Cu inhibits the growth of marine phytoplankton by releasing Cu 2+ ; however, nano-CuO is harmful to microalgae because of the effect of NPs. The secretion of extracellular polymeric substances by microalgae could also affect the toxicity of nano-Cu and nano-CuO to microalgae. S. costatum was more sensitive to copper than N. closterium . Cu 2+ , nano-Cu, and nano-CuO all reduced per-cell amino acids and the total output of algae-derived amino acids by affecting the growth of the phytoplankton. This study helps to understand the risk assessment of nano-Cu and nano-CuO to marine microalgae.
研究领域:
海洋生物学
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环境科学
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生态毒理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Nano Research
·
2023
·Vol. 16
·期 6
·8497-8503
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IF 9.9
Zou Jian,Wu Zhenrui,Tang Ruilin,Ren Zhenzhen,Niu Xiaobin,Wang Liping
Copper sulfide (CuS) is a promising cathode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its impeccable theoretical energy density (∼ 1015 Wh·kg −1 and 4743 Wh·L −1 ). However, it suffers from voltage decay leaded energy density loss and low energy efficiency, which hinders its application. In this work, with combined ex-situlin-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical analysis, we explore detailed degradation mechanisms. For the voltage decay, it is attributed to a spontaneous reaction between CuS cathode and copper current collector (Cu CC). This reaction leads to energy density loss and active materials degradation (CuS → Cu 1.81 S). As for energy efficiency, CuS undergoes a series of phase transformations. The main phase transition processes are CuS → α -LiCuS → Li 2− x Cu x S + Cu → Li 2 S + Cu for discharge; Li 2 S + Cu → Li 2− x Cu x S → β -LiCuS → CuS for charge. Here, α -LiCuS, β -LiCuS, and Li 2− x Cu x S are newly identified phases. These phase changes are driven by topotactic-reaction-related copper diffusion and rearrangement. This work demonstrates the significance of transition-metal diffusion in the intermediates formation and phase change in conversion-type materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Animal Nutrition
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2021
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IF 6.383
Yang Wen,Runxian Li,Xiangshu Piao,Gang Lin,Pingli He
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element in the production of swine. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 3 different sources of Cu on growth performance, Cu metabolism, and intestinal microorganisms of finishing pigs, so as to estimate the bioavailability of the 3 sources for pigs. A total of 42 male finishing pigs (88.74 ± 5.74 kg) were randomly allocated to 7 treatments. The factors were 3 sources (CuSO 4 , Cu-glycine, Cu-proteinate) and 2 levels (5 and 20 mg/kg) of Cu, plus one negative control treatment (0 mg/kg added Cu level) for the entire 28-d experiment. The average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain ratio (F:G) both increased when Cu was added. The Cu level in liver, bile, kidney, serum, lung, urine and feces rose ( P < 0.001) with increasing dietary Cu level regardless of the source. Meanwhile, pigs receiving organic Cu (glycinate or proteinate) retained more Cu and excreted less Cu than those receiving inorganic Cu (CuSO 4 ), which showed that organic forms were more bioavailable. At the transcriptional level, changes in the level and source of dietary Cu resulted in modulation of transporters. In the jejunal mucosa, import transporter high affinity copper uptake protein 1 ( CTR1 ) and export transporter ATPase copper transporting alpha ( ATP7A ) in supplemental Cu treatments were down-regulated compared to the control. Also, peptide transporter 1 ( PepT1 ) and lanine-serine-cysteine transporter, type-2 ( ASCT2 ) were significantly ( P < 0.01) up-regulated in 20 mg/kg Cu-proteinate and Cu-glycinate treatments, respectively. Microbial diversity was lowest in the 20 mg/kg CuSO 4 treatment, and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was higher in added Cu treatments, especially Cu-glycinate treatment. These results indicate that uptake of different Cu forms is facilitated by different transporters and transport mechanisms, and compared with inorganic Cu, organic Cu provides benefits to intestinal microflora and reduces Cu excretion.
研究领域:
动物营养学
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微生物学
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兽医学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POULTRY SCIENCE
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2024
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IF 3.8
Min Wu,Guofeng Tan,Ruirui Shi,Dewen Chen,Yumei Qin,Jianzhong Han
ABSTRACT In poultry diets, copper is an essential nutrient that is critical for various physiological functions. Although copper sulfate is commonly used due to its cost-effectiveness, organic copper sources are gaining popularity because of their superior production outcomes and environmental benefits. Nevertheless, understanding the distinct bioaccessibility of inorganic and organic copper in diverse dietary setting remains limited. This study investigated the bioaccessibility of copper sulfate, copper amino acid chelate, and copper proteinate in the intestine via in vitro digestion and in situ dialysis. The results showed significant differences in the molecular size distribution of compounds formed by different copper salts within the intestinal environment, thereby leading to varying bioaccessibility. Copper sulfate has a bioaccessibility of 47 % ± 4%, which is significantly lower than copper amino acid chelate and copper proteinate (63% ± 5%, and 60% ± 4%, respectively) in purified diet systems. Similarly, in whey protein systems, sulfate records 54% ± 10% bioaccessibility compared to 78% ± 9% and 76% ± 5% for copper amino acid chelate and copper proteinate. Coexisting feed ingredients have a significant impact on copper bioaccessibility. Copper sulfate forms precipitates, reducing its bioaccessibility to 34% ± 1% in sodium nitrate solution. The addition of digestive enzyme increases the bioaccessibility of copper sulfate to 81% ± 2% by providing organic ligands. Digestive enzyme also enhanced the bioaccessibility of copper proteinate from 36% ± 4% to 81% ± 4% by degrading its ligands. However, feed ingredients may decrease copper bioaccessibility by forming macromolecular complexes with copper, as all the organic ligands can competitively bind with copper in the intestine. These findings emphasize the importance of considering copper salt types and diet composition in animal nutrition practices.
研究领域:
动物营养学
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食品科学
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消化生理学
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DOI
高影响因子
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 6.1
Jiaxing Li,Jiongming Chen,Ying Chen,Jialei Ren,Jianan Li,Liankui Wu,Hongwei Liu,Fahe Cao,Qingqing Sun
This study develops a new shot peening method, i.e., copper powder ultrasonic shot peening, and investigates its antibiofouling effect on commercially pure titanium grade 2 (TA2) alloy in seawater. The results indicate that adding Cu powder during ultrasonic shot peening can form a Cu-containing layer with a thickness 1–2 μm on the surface of TA2 alloy, primarily in the form of nanocrystals. This Cu-containing layer exhibits a 90 % antifouling efficiency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an 85 % efficiency against Aspergillus terreus , mainly due to the release of Cu ions during immersion. Electrochemical corrosion test results show that corrosion rate of this anti-fouling layer is two orders of magnitude higher than the substrate alloy, which significantly enhances the release of Cu ions and thereby improving the antifouling capability. Tensile test results show that Cu powder peening similarly improves the mechanical properties of TA2 alloy as conventional peening.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
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2024
·
IF 4.9
Qiang Zhang,Yongsheng Sun,Guanda Wu,Xinlei Wei,Peng Gao
Chrysocolla is an important refractory copper oxide ore. The sulfidation roasting using pyrite as a sulfidation agent was conducted on the chrysocolla. A copper recovery of 87.31 % was obtained with butyl xanthate. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the predominant equilibrium product was Cu 2 S. Excessive pyrite dosage resulted in an overproduction of by-products, and a satisfactory equilibrium composition can be obtained at a roasting temperature above 500 °C. The main gas product was SO 2 , with no H 2 S generated. The roasting process involved the dehydration of chrysocolla, forming copper oxides that reacted with S released from pyrite pyrolysis. The sulfidation reaction gradually proceeded from the particle surfaces to the interiors with the gradual S diffusion. Even with satisfactory copper recovery, a significant amount of copper oxides remained within the particles. This was because xanthate primarily adsorbed onto the particle surface, implying that complete copper mineral phase reconstruction may be unnecessary for efficient flotation.
研究领域:
冶金学
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矿物加工工程
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DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2022
·
IF 9.136
Zhiwei Wang,Zhi Li,Jiaojiao Bu,Juanjian Ru,Yixin Hua,Ding Wang
Cuprous sulfide (Cu 2 S) is the main composition of chalcocite and widely used in the catalyst. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are eco-friendly electrolytes for the separation and recycling of metals and their compounds in addition to environmental protection. In this work, choline chloride-ethylene glycol (ChCl-EG) DES is innovatively used towards one-step desulfurize cuprous sulfide to recycle copper for the first time. Cyclic voltammetry is employed to investigate the effect of initial potential, scan rate and temperature on the electrochemical behavior of Cu(I) in ChCl-EG DES. The effect of essential parameters (applied voltage, temperature and NH 4 HCO 3 ratio) on the chemical composition and microstructure of the product are discussed. Pure polycrystalline nano-Cu with an average size of ≈16.15 nm can be obtained with the current efficiency of 96.58% at the optimized parameters of 2.5 V, 353 K, 40% NH 4 HCO 3 and 10 h. The structure of Ch + is unbroken and the main existence form of Cu(I) is CuCl 2 − in the electrolyte. Mechanism analysis indicates the reduction of Cu 2 S to Cu is step-by-step with the feasible process of Cu 2 S→Cu 1.96 S→Cu 7.2 S 4 …→Cu. The S element is possibly converted and stabilized as the sulfate (SO 4 2− ) in the DES. All these findings are expected to provide new feasibility for the direct extraction and recycling of Cu from Cu 2 S with high current efficiency and less hazardous.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Animals
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 3
·345
·
IF 3
Hulong Lei,Qian Du,Naisheng Lu,Xueyuan Jiang,Mingzhou Li,Dong Xia,Keren Long
Simple SummaryCopper sulfate and copper glycinate have been used as additives for copper supplementation and growth promotion in the swine feed industry. However, their effects on the gut microenvironment, especially for the fecal microbiota and metabolites, still remain unclear, which are the important indicators of gut health. As well as the nutrient digestibility and physiological and biochemical indices of pigs, the effects of copper sulfate and copper glycinate on fecal microbial communities and metabolic profiles were investigated to understand it better in the present study. Our results suggested that copper sulfate and copper glycinate could differentially affect fecal microbiota and metabolites, by which dietary copper glycinate exerted more beneficial effects on the gut health of pigs.AbstractThis study aims to compare the fecal microbiome-metabolome response to copper sulfate (CuSO4) and copper glycinate (Cu-Gly) in pigs. Twelve Meishan gilts were allocated into the CuSO4group and the Cu-Gly group (fed on a basal diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg copper from CuSO4or Cu-Gly) paired in litter and body weight. After a two-week feeding trial, the Cu-Gly group had a higher copper digestibility, blood hemoglobin, and platelet volume and higher levels of plasma iron and insulin-like growth factor-1 than the CuSO4group. The Cu-Gly treatment increased the abundance of theLachnospiraceaefamily and the generaLachnospiraceae XPB1014,Corprococcus_3,Anaerorhabdus_furcosa_group,Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group, andLachnospiraceae_NK4B4_groupand decreased the abundance of theSynergistetesphylum andPeptostreptococcaceaefamily compared to the CuSO4treatment. Moreover, the Cu-Gly group had a lower concentration of 20-Oxo-leukotriene E4 and higher concentrations of butyric acid, pentanoic acid, isopentanoic acid, coumarin, and Nb-p-Coumaroyl-tryptamine than the CuSO4group. The abundance ofSynergisteteswas positively correlated with the fecal copper content and negatively correlated with the fecal butyric acid content. The abundance of theLachnospiraceae_XPB1014_groupgenus was positively correlated with the plasma iron level and fecal contents of coumarin and butyric acid. In conclusion, Cu-Gly and CuSO4could differentially affect fecal microbiota and metabolites, which partially contributes to the intestinal health of pigs in different manners.Keywords:copper sulfate;copper glycinate;microbiome;metabolome;pigs;copper source
研究领域:
动物科学
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营养学
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微生物学
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代谢组学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Experimental Nanoscience
·
2021
·
IF 3.075
Ying Zhang,Yangmei Li,Qiang Tan,Song Hong,Zhenyu Sun
Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) powered by renewable electricity is reckoned to provide an effective strategy to alleviate environmental issues and energy crisis, enabling a potential carbon neutral economy. To boost the ECR to fuels and value-added chemicals, the design of highly active and selective catalysts is important. In this study, we demonstrate facile ultrasonication-facilitated synthesis of two-dimensional copper terephthalate for efficient ECR. High faradaic efficiencies (FEs) of up to 72.9% for hydrocarbons are achieved at a mild overpotential in an H-type cell. In particular, the FE for ethylene (C2H4) formation approaches 50.0% at an applied potential of −1.1 V (vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode), outperforming commercial Cu, Cu2O, CuO, Cu(OH)2 and many recently reported Cu-based materials. The C2H4 partial geometric current density is as high as ∼6.0 mA·cm−2. This work offers a simple avenue to developing advanced electrocatalysts for converting CO2 into high-value hydrocarbons.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Acta Metallurgica Sinica-English Letters
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Wang Fengyi,Ma Jingyuan,Liu Jiahao,Ji Hongjun,Chen Hongtao
This study investigates using an antioxidation copper particle-free paste, formulated with self-reducing copper formate, for Cu-Cu bonding in electronic packaging applications. The research highlights the oxidation resistance of copper formate compared to traditional copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and its ability to generate CuNPs through thermal decomposition. Experimental results demonstrate that the sintering process benefits from releasing reductive gases during decomposition, improving joint quality with reduced porosity and enhanced mechanical strength at elevated temperatures. Molecular dynamics simulations further elucidate the sintering behavior of CuNPs, providing significant insights into pore collapse, atomic mobility, and neck formation. The findings indicate that increased temperatures enhance surface and bulk diffusion, facilitating robust particle connections. Overall, this work establishes the potential of copper formate for achieving reliable interconnects in semiconductor devices, paving the way for advancements in material formulations for direct copper–copper bonding.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电子封装技术
·
计算材料学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2020
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IF 4.65
Mengmeng Cui,Xingjie Lu,Taofang Zeng,Olim Ruzimuradov,Dong Fang,Caiju Li,Fengxian Li,Yichun Liu,Rui Bao,Jianhong Yi
Copper vanadate materials have a higher gravimetric capacity and energy density than those of the traditional vanadium oxide or vanadate electrodes because of the multistep oxidation-reduction reactions. This work presents the synthesis of nano-structured copper vanadates using ion-exchange reaction of sodium vanadate nanowire arrays in an aqueous solution, containing copper acetate or copper nitrate. The morphology, crystal structure, composition and lithium-storage performance of the materials are measured and characterized thoroughly. Due to the dissolution effect of the acetate anion on the sodium vanadate nanowire arrays, copper vanadate spheres composed of nanosheets are produced. By contrast, after the ion-exchange reaction in the copper nitrate solution, the sample maintains its original nanowire arrays structure. The copper vanadate nanowire arrays synthesized in copper nitrate solution for 48 h followed with calcination at 300 °C for 2 h exhibit a remarkably high storage capacity of up to 997.76 mAh g −1 in 3–0.01 V versus Li/Li + , thus showing a great potential for application in lithium-ion batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）