Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management
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2025
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IF 3
Lou Wen-bo,Liu Dong-yan,Zhao Da,Wang Yun,Sun Zi-cheng,Zou Yi,Niu Xiao-wei,Cheng Quan-guo,Li Jian-zhong,Liu Hong-hui
The recovery of NCM (LiNi x Co y Mn 1-x-y O 2 , abbreviated as NCM) cathode materials from retired lithium-ion batteries is a research hotspot in resource recycling field. Nevertheless, due to aluminum impurities mixed in raw materials, Li(I) and Al(III) ions are easy to combine to form water-insoluble LiAlO 2 during reduction, affecting Li(I) ions’ water-leaching efficiency. In this study, the LiAlO 2 formation environment is analyzed. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that there is generally less spontaneity in the reaction of Li (I) ions with aluminum monomers compared to Al 2 O 3 , and the introduction of CO 2 can inhibit Li-Al-O substance production. Li-Al binding experiments show that there is almost no direct reaction between Li 2 CO 3 and aluminum monomers, but under Ar atmosphere, Li 2 CO 3 and Al 2 O 3 can easily lead to Li-Al binding, a kinetic analysis considers that binding is controlled by chemical reaction, with an activation energy of 57.78 kJ/mol, and the activation energy increases to 88.028 kJ/mol with CO 2 atmosphere. Under reduced optimization conditions (reduction temperature: 500 °C, time: 6 h, and m NCM : m Al = 1: 0.25), the carbonation water-leaching efficiency can reach 95.1% for Li(I) ions and less than 1% for Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Al(III) ions. Thus, this work offers a theoretical basis for the industrial Li(I) ions’ recovery from aluminum-containing NCM materials.
研究领域:
资源回收
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材料科学
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环境化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2021
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IF 3.764
Fujian Li,Junjun Yan,Xiangping Zhang,Na Wang,Haifeng Dong,Lu Bai,Hongshuai Gao
Aluminum, as an associated metal with rare-earth resources, is a common impurity in rare-earth separation products. In the traditional P507-kerosene-HCl system, tremendous aluminum impurity (8875 mg/L herein) is often enriched in GdCl3 solutions because of the similar extraction sequence during rare-earth separation. In this work, a new amine-group-functionalized ionic liquid (IL) was developed to remove trace aluminum impurity from high-purity GdCl3 solutions, overcoming the drawbacks of strong hydrophilicity and complicated compositions of the organic phase, as well as other impurities introduced and tremendous saline wastewater produced inevitably. Methyltrioctylammonium hydroxide (N1888OH), instead of the water soluble ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), was used to dissociate the dimer of sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA12) and synthesize cation- and anion-bifunctionalized IL [N1888][CA12]. The separation factor of Al/Gd was as high as 36. The influences of pH, salting-out agent, extraction time, temperature, and stripping efficiency on the extraction efficiency were evaluated. The result showed that high-purity GdCl3 solution was obtained with low aluminum impurity of 10 ppm after five-stage countercurrent extraction. Due to the weak interaction between the metal and IL, very dilute HCl solution (0.07 mol/L) and NaOH solution (0.07 mol/L) were in favor of metal stripping and IL regeneration.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Nano
·
2023
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IF 17.1
Chunxian Xing,Haoran Da,Peng Yang,Jiawei Huang,Min Gan,Jian Zhou,Yong Li,Haitao Zhang,Binghui Ge,Linfeng Fei
The huge amount of degraded NCM (LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2) cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries is arising as a serious environmental issue as well as a severe waste of metal resources, and therefore, direct recycling of them toward usable electrode materials again is environmentally and economically more attractive in contrast to present metallurgical treatments. In this work, we design a robust two-step method for direct recycling of degraded NCM materials, which uses the aluminum impurity from the attached current collector to supplement the transition metal vacancies for simultaneous elemental compensation and structural restoration. This single-element compensation strategy leads to the regeneration of high-quality NCM material with depressed cation disordering and stabilized layered structure. Moreover, the regenerated NCM material with controllable Al doping delivered an outstanding electrochemical performance; specifically, the capacity (158.6 mAh g–1), rate capability (91.6 mAh g–1 at 5 C), and cycling stability (89.6% capacity retention after 200 cycles) of the regenerated NCM material are even comparable with those of fresh materials. The as-established regeneration protocol has its chance in simplifying the industrial recycling process of degraded NCM materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Advanced Science
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2025
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IF 14.1
Kang Liu,Yuying Zhang,Mengmeng Wang,Xiaohong Zhu,Roya Maboudian,Daniel C.W. Tsang
Impurities are pivotal in determining the quality of the critical metal products derived from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but there is a lack of understanding of their potential impacts. The mechanisms by which Aluminium (Al) impurities permeate the active crystals of spent ternary nickel─cobalt─manganese oxide (NCM) cathode materials and interact with critical metal sites are elucidated. During frictional contact, the substitution of transition metals by Al impurities disrupts the bonding between critical metals and oxygen, leading to the formation of more stable Al─O covalent bonds. Al can preferentially substitute for Co, altering the local coordination and electronic structure of transition metals. Owing to the strong interaction of Al─O, the Fermi level shifts downward, thus increasing the stabilization of lattice oxygen in the NCM cathode materials and consequently delaying the dissolution of NCM cathode materials. In different extraction environments, the invasion of Al retards the release of lattice oxygen and inhibits the dissolution of NCM in formic acid but enhances those in ammonia solution and shows mixed results in deep eutectic solvents. These crucial findings will help to elucidate the mechanisms of Al impurities in the recycling industry chain of retired LIBs, thereby enhancing the recovery of high-quality critical metal products.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
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2022
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IF 6.364
Ling Pan,Ling He,Zibo Niu,Peng Xiao,Wei Zhou,Yang Li
In this work, Yb 4 Hf 3 O 12 ceramic, a typical rare-earth hafnate, was exposed to water vapor with Al(OH) 3 impurities at 1400 ℃, and microstructural evolution and corrosion mechanisms were investigated. The long-term corrosion can be divided into initial hydration and gasification of Hf 4+ and steady-state corrosion after the formation of Al 5 Yb 3 O 12 . In the initial stage, Hf 4+ and the surrounding O 2- tend to be hydrated and then volatilized in the form of Hf(OH) 4 , causing a metastable state of Yb 4 Hf 3 O 12 on the surface. Besides, the preferential corrosion of small grains, grain boundary, and specific crystal plane on the surface and sintered and densified grains result in varied corrosion behavior from the early linear law to the later parabolic law. In the steady-state corrosion stage, due to the consumption of Hf 4+ , more vacancies promote bonding and diffusion of Al 3+ to form corrosion product (Al 5 Yb 3 O 12 ), and during this stage, regrowth and shedding of the corrosion layer reach a dynamic balance.
研究领域:
材料科学
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腐蚀与防护
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
·
2025
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IF 10.9
Haoxuan Yu,Derun Zhao,Kechun Chen,Meiting Huang,Haitao Yang,Liming Yang,Zhihao Wang,Liang Chen,Xuan Ding,Hui Lv,Xubiao Luo
The increasing retirement of LiFePO 4 (LFP) batteries provides a unique chance for advancing the direct regeneration of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the existence of Al impurities from current collectors during the pretreatment of recycling poses a challenge. In this study, we enhance the direct regeneration process of spent LFP material by utilizing Al impurities to replace some cationic sites in the olivine structure. This approach achieves simultaneous elemental compensation and valence restoration, promoting the regeneration of LFP with stable structure and enhanced Li + diffusion rate. The regenerated LFP with Al doping exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 153.9 mAh g -1 , good rate performance with capacity of 112.1 mAh g -1 at 5 C (1 C = 170 mAh g -1 ), and excellent cycling stability (96.4 % capacity retention after 200 cycles). This strategy introduces a threshold for Al impurities and offers a chance to guide the future direct regeneration of LFP materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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储能技术
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电池回收
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）