JOM
·
2023
·Vol. 76
·期 3
·1467-1476
·
IF 2.6
Xia Chengcheng,Liu Zhanwei,Yan Hengwei,Liu Qiang,Li Mengnan,Lan Jinghao
Spent anodes (butts) are the remaining portion of prebaked anodes after consumption, which are reintroduced into the production of prebaked anodes after treatment. Among these residues, the main harmful element, sodium, tends to accumulate with the repeated recycling of the butts. This accumulation increases the air reactivity of prebaked anodes and consequently reduces their quality. In this study, aluminum sulfate hydrothermal acid leaching was used to remove sodium from the butts. The effects of leaching temperature, Al 3+ concentration, leaching time, and liquid-to-solid ratio on the removal of sodium from the butts were investigated. The sodium removal rate reached 99.42% at a leaching temperature of 90°C, an Al 3+ concentration of 1.5 mol/L, a leaching time of 2.5 h, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 25 mL/g. This method significantly reduced the sodium content in the butts, offering a new approach for the high-quality recovery of the butts.
研究领域:
冶金工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 11
·8719-8728
·
IF 4.6
Piao Luo,Kai Zhang,Nanjie Wu,Lanlan Wei,Shigui Peng,Qiao Fan,Tingting Luo,Yucheng Yin,Xiang Zhang,Yufei Liu,Min He,Jie Yu,Shuhao Qin
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a promising conductive polymer material, but its acidic nature leads to device deterioration and poor long-term durability. It is usual practice to neutralise PEDOT:PSS solutions with bases, resulting in a decrease of conductivity. The causes of the decline in conductivity remain disputed and uncertain. In this study, three bases (sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and imidazole) were employed to treat PEDOT:PSS to investigate their effects on doping level, composition, and structure. The results show that bases may dedope PEDOT:PSS by removing the proton doping from the PEDOT chain. Meanwhile, insulating PSS is removed, and the aggregated structure is optimised to ensure that conductivity is not significantly reduced. The PEDOT:PSS treated with the weak base imidazole showed the least loss of conductivity due to only a modest decrease in doping level and the greatest loss of insulating PSS. Aluminium electrolytic capacitors made using imidazole pH-adjusted solutions have a capacitance ratio of up to 98.28% and an equivalent series resistance of 26 mΩ. These findings provide a valuable reference for developing high electrical characteristics and neutral PEDOT:PSS materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2024
·Vol. 31
·期 31
·44348-44360
·
IF 0
Wu Shaohua,Tao Wenju,Ge Hui,Yang Jiaxin,Li Jiaming,He Jingui,Yang Youjian,Wang Zhaowen
Aluminum electrolyte is a necessity for aluminum reduction cells; however, its stock is rising every year due to several factors, resulting in the accumulation of solid waste. Currently, it has become a favorable material for the resources of lithium, potassium, and fluoride. In this study, the calcification roasting–two-stage leaching process was introduced to extract lithium and potassium separately from aluminum electrolyte wastes, and the fluoride in the form of CaF 2 was recycled. The separation behaviors of lithium and potassium under different conditions were investigated systematically. XRD and SEM–EDS were used to elucidate the phase evolution of the whole process. During calcification roasting-water leaching, the extraction efficiency of potassium was 98.7% under the most suitable roasting parameters, at which the lithium extraction efficiency was 6.6%. The mechanism analysis indicates that CaO combines with fluoride to form CaF 2 , while Li-containing and K-containing fluorides were transformed into water-insoluble LiAlO 2 phase and water-soluble KAlO 2 phase, respectively, thereby achieving the separation of two elements by water leaching. In the second acid-leaching stage, the extraction efficiency of lithium was 98.8% from water-leached residue under the most suitable leaching conditions, and CaF 2 was obtained with a purity of 98.1%. The present process can provide an environmentally friendly and promising method to recycle aluminum electrolyte wastes and achieve resource utilization.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
·
2025
·
IF 7.9
Shiheng Liu,Yizhuo Li,Jie Zhu,Jingyi An,Ruida Zhao,Youlong Xu
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is creating new requirements for supply voltage stability and power conversion efficiency, necessitating electrolytic capacitors with conductive polymer cathode films. A study examines how different doping anions, pH levels, and current densities affect the constant-current electropolymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) substrates. Highly doped PEDOT films with smooth surfaces and a conductivity of 313 S cm −1 are obtained at pH 2 and 0.5 mA cm −2 using dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBS − ) as a doping anion. A PEDOT:PSS conductive substrate is created on the dielectric surface of anodized aluminum foil. Low current density and then high current density electropolymerization of PEDOT cathodes on substrate allow for more efficient capacitors with high capacitance and low leakage current. Based on this, the chip capacitor is obtained with a capacitance of 80 μF cm −2 level, a loss of 0.65 % at 100 Hz, an equivalent series resistance (ESR) of 4.16 mΩ at 100 kHz, and a leakage current of 0.8 μA at 16 V. This work is significant for the research of ultra-low loss and ESR chip aluminum solid electrolytic capacitors.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Jiaxin Yang,Wenju Tao,Jiaming Li,Jingui He,Zhaowen Wang
Low-cost and efficient recycling methods are crucial for recovering strategic elements from lithium-containing waste electrolytes (LiWE), which are essential for energy storage and environmental protection. This study aims to develop a method for recovering lithium from LiWE through one-step calcination of CaCl 2 . Compared with the traditional high-temperature acidification roasting process, this low-temperature calcification only involves one-step roasting and low-temperature pure water leaching, which avoids the introduction of hazardous reagents such as acid/alkali. The thermodynamic analysis results indicate that the transition temperature of LiF during the calcification roasting process is higher than that of Na 3 AlF 6 . 550 ℃, 2.5 (Ca/Li ratio) and 1.0 h have been proven to be the most suitable roasting conditions. Meanwhile, 75 ℃, 7 mL/g (L/S) and 1.0 h are expected to be the most preferred leaching processes. The recovery rate of lithium exceeds 98 % and maintains a high purity (>99.0 %) of Li 2 CO 3 . The economic benefits of this process have been comprehensively evaluated, with a profit of 2.65 $/kg. Finally, the regenerated LCO prepared from recycled Li 2 CO 3 has been proven to have good electrochemical performance compared to commercial LCO with a capacity exceeding 151 mAh g-1 at 1C, demonstrating the feasibility of energy storage applications. In summary, the low-temperature calcification roasting method has been proven feasible for extracting lithium from LiWE.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Jiaxin Yang,Wenju Tao,Jiaming Li,Lingyu Kong,Shaohua Wu,Jingui He,Zhaoshun Liu,Yu Sun,Chao Fan,Zhaowen Wang
Low energy consumption and environmentally friendly extraction of high value-added elements from waste aluminum electrolytes are crucial for developing potential mineral resources and reducing environmental hazards. This study aims to propose a new method for resource utilization of retired aluminum electrolytes by combining NH 4 Cl with CaO-assisted low-temperature calcination. The leaching rates of Li and Na exceed 94.67 % and 98.12 %, respectively. The optimal conditions for roasting transformation were determined to be NH 4 Cl/CaO: 2, CaO/LWE@Al: 2, T: 550 ℃, t: 1 h. In the leaching stage, liquid–solid ratio: 5, T: 45 ℃, t: 1.0 h were proved to be the most suitable experimental condition. An evaluation was conducted on the economic benefits and creativity of the process. Finally, the regenerated LiCoO 2 prepared from recycled Li 2 CO 3 has been proven to have better electrochemical performance than commercial LiCoO 2 , demonstrating the feasibility of energy storage use. The economic accounting results indicate that this novel process demonstrates significant financial and environmental benefits through high-value lithium recovery. Compared with traditional concentrated acid roasting, this low-temperature roasting method has lower energy consumption, higher element conversion rate, lower corrosiveness, and lower operational difficulty (without the involvement of strong acids/bases). Therefore, this process has been proven to be a green, environmentally friendly, low energy consumption, and high value-added method for comprehensive utilization of waste electrolytes.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
IONICS
·
2024
·
IF 2.4
Niu Hongkun,Wang Cong,Gao Bingliang,Tan Qi,Liu Zhiwei,An Ruifeng
In aluminum electrolysis cells, the emissions of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are not only associated with the high-voltage anode effect (cell voltage > 8 V), but continuous emissions of PFCs have also been detected during cell voltage below 8 V, especially in high-amperage prebake cells. These PFCs are referred to as low-voltage anode effect PFCs (LVAE-PFCs). In this study, the influence of current density on the formation of fluorocarbon (CF x ) film was investigated on an industrial carbon anode with a bottom area of 50 cm 2 in a high-temperature see-through aluminum electrolysis cell operating at 940 °C. The formation of CF x films on localized areas of the anode under normal electrolysis conditions was confirmed through observations. The quantity of peeled CF x films and the value of the back electromotive force gradually increase with increasing current density. Simultaneously, the thermal decomposition of the CF x films results in the generation of PFCs. Under conditions of sufficient alumina concentration, the peeling of the CF x films contributes to a reduction in the cell voltage. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that regions with high current density on the carbon anode provide favorable conditions for the formation of CF x components with high resistance characteristics, inevitably leading to an increase in cell voltage.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Kang Hongguang,Hu Xianwei,Guo Ruidong,Tian Liang,Wang Qiheng,Yu Jiangyu,Liu Aimin,Shi Zhongning,Wang Zhaowen
Al 2 S 3 electrolysis process in NaCl-KCl molten salts is advantageous for aluminum production due to the low electrolysis temperature, reduced energy consumption, and no greenhouse gas emissions. It is S 2- discharging on the anode and gaseous sulfurs is generated. However, the origin of S 2- from either free S 2- or S 2- in complex ions has rarely been investigated, and the anodic electrochemical mechanism remains unclear. Herein, the discharge sequence of sulfur ions at a graphite anode in equimolar NaCl-KCl molten salts containing 1 wt.% Al 2 S 3 electrolyte at 953 K was investigated by quantum chemical calculations, and the electrochemical mechanism was verified by linear sweep voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. The results indicate oxidation of free S 2- and S 2- in AlSCl 3 2- to produce gaseous sulfurs at the anode, with free S 2- more prone to oxidation than S 2- in AlSCl 3 2- during the anodic electrochemical reaction. The oxidation reactions of both free S 2- and S 2- in AlSCl 3 2- follow one-step two-electron transfer processes. Free S 2- follows a quasi-reversible process, controlled by diffusion, with a charge transfer coefficient of 0.667 and a diffusion coefficient of 3.248 × 10 -5 cm 2 ·s -1 . By comparison, S 2- in AlSCl 3 2- follows an irreversible process, controlled by diffusion, with a charge transfer coefficient of 0.561 and a diffusion coefficient of 1.351 × 10 -5 cm 2 ·s -1 . Overall, these theoretical findings look very promising for future studies and the development of green electrolytic aluminum production processes using NaCl-KCl-Al 2 S 3 molten salts.
研究领域:
电化学
·
材料科学
·
冶金学
·
物理化学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Jiaxin Yang,Wenju Tao,Jiaming Li,Lingyu Kong,Shaohua Wu,Jingui He,Zhaoshun Liu,Yu Sun,Zhaowen Wang
Low energy consumption and environmentally friendly recycling methods can extract high-added value and high-demand elements from retired waste fluorinated aluminum electrolytes (RWE-Al), which is crucial for alleviating resource shortages and environmental hazards. This study aims to develop a method for recovering fluorine and aluminum from RWE-Al through calcium leaching transformation combined with acid leaching. Compared to the traditional high-temperature roasting transformation and high-concentration alkali-metal-salt leaching process, this new process only involves one step of low-temperature leaching, purification of fluorine, carbonization of excess calcium, and evaporation extraction of aluminum, avoiding the generation of high energy consumption and secondary hazardous waste (F-containing liquid/ residue). Fluorine and aluminum are effectively separated and purified with extraction rates exceeding 96%. The effects of leaching temperature, CaO addition coefficient, liquid–solid ratio, and leaching time on the leaching process were systematically studied. The effects of acid concentration, liquid–solid ratio, time, and temperature on the acid-leaching process were also investigated. In summary, the comprehensive utilization of RWE-Al by this new process has proved to be feasible.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Research and Technology-JMR&T
·
2024
·
IF 6.2
Guangzhu Bai,Changrui Wang,Fang Wang,Yajun Ren,Xiaohong Xu
An additive manufacturing technology was used to produce anode foils with different polystyrene microsphere (PSM). The effect of PSM addition in the range of 0–20 vol% on the specific capacitance and bending strength of the anode foils was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirms the presence of pores in the anode foils, which is attributed to the addition of PSM. The porosity and pore diameter of the anode foils increase with increasing PSM content, resulting in an initial increase and then a decrease in specific capacitance, as well as a gradual increase in bending strength. At a PSM addition of 12.5 vol%, the anode foils exhibit a high specific capacitance of 0.927 μF/cm 2 and a bending strength of over 120 times greater, meeting the specific capacitance and bending strength requirements for anode foils in aluminum electrolytic capacitors. These findings suggest that incorporating PSM into anode foils is an effective method for adjusting their specific capacitance and bending strength.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Sen Feng,Junjie Zhang,Junli Xu,Mouhamadou Aziz Diop,Aimin Liu,Fengguo Liu,Zhaowen Wang,Zhongning Shi
The aluminum industry is one of the major causes of CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere, mainly caused by carbon anode consumption and the emission of perfluorocarbon gases. Carbon anodes are consumed by anodic reactions in the standard technology. The environmental constraints and the costs associated with the utilization of carbon anodes have, for many decades, led to the look for non-consumable anodes, called “inert anodes,” considered for years to be the future of aluminum production. However, the current research on inert anodes is limited to metal, ceramic, cermet, and gas anodes and remains impotent in solving the difficulties of anode consumption, CO 2 , and other greenhouse gas emissions . Here, we propose the utilization of argon plasma as an inert anode for aluminum electrolysis. The results from emission spectroscopy analysis and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations depict a production of positively charged argon ion (Ar + ) at the anode region, which infuses into the electrolyte and reacts electrochemically with the oxy-fluoro aluminate complexes (Al 2 OF 6 ) 2- . For a current ≤ 0.4 A, the oxygen evolution occurs anodically from 2Al 2 OF 6 2- + 4Ar + → 4AlF 3 + O 2 + 4Ar, with no argon consumption. Furthermore, the aluminum is reduced cathodically, and the decomposition reaction is 2Al 2 O 3 → 4Al + 3O 2 . This innovative approach enables carbon-free aluminum electrolysis, a large-scale reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which can be extended to similar electrolytic industries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
·
2024
·Vol. 53
·期 4
·2026-2039
·
IF 2.2
Bai Guangzhu,Chen Zhibin,Liu Jie,Wang Fang,Zhang Yusheng
Sintered foils are currently being considered as a promising material for anode foils in capacitors due to their high specific capacitance and anti-buckling performance, which meet the requirements for capacitor winding. In this article, sintered foils with added starch were produced using a protective atmosphere sintering process. The effect of starch addition in the range of 0–50 vol% on the specific capacitance and anti-buckling performance of the sintered foils was evaluated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the formation of the pores in the sintered foils due to the addition of starch. These pores play a crucial role in improving the specific capacitance and enhancing the anti-buckling performance of the sintered foils. However, excessive amounts of starch can have a negative impact on the specific capacitance of the sintered foils which initially decreased, then increased, and finally decreased with increasing starch content. On the other hand, the anti-buckling performance increased with increasing starch content. At 30 vol% starch addition, a high specific capacitance of 0.886 μ F/cm 2 and an anti-buckling performance of more than 120 times were obtained, meeting the requirements for anode foils in aluminum electrolytic capacitors. The specific capacitance of the sintered foils was predicted using the close-packed packing model, which can help establish a powder metallurgy method for preparing anode foil materials with high specific capacitance and anti-buckling performance for aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Graphical
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）