Shaoliang Wang,Zeyu Xu,Xiaoliang Wu,Huan Zhao,Jinling Zhao,Jianguo Liu,Chuanwei Yan,Xinzhuang Fan
Iron–chromium flow battery (ICFB) is one of the most promising technologies for energy storage systems, while the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during the negative process remains a critical issue for the long-term operation. To solve this issue, In 3+ is firstly used as the additive to improve the stability and performance of ICFB. The results suggest that In 3+ not only effectively inhibits the HER but also accelerates the kinetics of Cr 3+ /Cr 2+ and Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ to some extent. More importantly, the ICFB using an optimal concentration of 0.01 M In 3+ in the anolyte exhibits an energy efficiency of 77.0% at 200 mA cm −2 , and a 36.3% higher capacity retention ratio than that of the pristine anolyte after 140 cycles at 160 mA cm −2 . Furthermore, the capacity decay rate is low to 0.16% per cycle during the cycle test, which is much lower than that in the previous studies. Both the enhanced stability and electrochemical performance are attributed to the coupling effect of the inhibited HER and promoted kinetics of Cr 3+ /Cr 2+ after In 3+ is introduced. Therefore, In 3+ as an anolyte additive can be a promising and cost-effective method to further improve the battery performance of ICFB and promote its engineering application.
Dingfeng Yang,Hongzheng Pu,Peng Dai,Wen Jiang,Yuanxue Yi,Tao Zhang,Shuming Zhang,Xichuan Guo,Yuanyuan Li
A systematic evaluation of enhancing photocatalysis via aliovalent cation doping is conducted. Cation In3+, being p-type-doped, was chosen to substitute the Sn site (Sn4+) in Li2SnO3, and the photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol was applied as a model reaction. Specifically, Li2Sn0.90In0.10O3 exhibited superior catalytic performance; the photodegradation efficiency reached about 100% within only 12 min. This efficiency is far greater than that of pure Li2SnO3 under identical conditions. Density functional theory calculations reveal that introducing In3+ increased the electron mobility, yet decreased the hole mobility, leading to photogenerated carrier separation. However, photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence suggest that In3+ induced nonradiative coupling in the matrix, reducing the photogenerated carrier separation ratio compared with that of Li2SnO3. The optical band gap of Li2Sn0.90In0.10O3 was almost unchanged compared with that of Li2SnO3 via ultraviolet–visible absorption. The increased photocatalytic efficiency was ascribed to the lower valence band position and enhanced hole concentrations by valence band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements. Finally, a 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation pathway, an intermediate toxicity assessment, and a photocatalytic mechanism were proposed. This work offers insights into designing and optimizing semiconductor photocatalysts with high performance.
Cao Jianfei,Yin Zuodong,Pang Qi,Lu Yuexi,Nong Xiuqing,Zhang Jin Zhong
In this work, we demonstrated an in situ approach for doping CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals (NCs) with In 3+ and Cl − with a ligand-assisted precipitation method at room temperature. The In 3+ and Cl − co-doped NCs are characterized by the powder x-ray diffraction patterns, ultraviolet–visible, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, time-resolved PL (TRPL), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Based on PL and TRPL results, the non-radiative nature of In 3+ -doping induced localized impurity states is revealed. Furthermore, the impact of In 3+ and Cl − doping on charge transfer (CT) from the NCs to molecular acceptors was investigated and the results indicate that the CT at the interface of NCs can be tuned and promoted by In 3+ and Cl − co-doping. This enhanced CT is attributed to the enlarged energy difference between relevant states of the molecular acceptor and the NCs by In 3+ and Cl − upon co-doping. This work provides insight into how to control interfacial CT in perovskite NCs, which is important for optoelectronic applications.
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