Journal of Cleaner Production
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2022
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IF 11.072
Mai Ouyang,Kehui Hu,Qianwen Jiang,Qingda Yao,Hualong Zhou,Yupei Deng,Yiyue Shen,Fahui Li,Linghua Zhuang,Guowei Wang
Chrome tanning agent is the most widely used tanning agent with the best performances of finished leather , but the traditional chrome tanning process poses severe challenges because of the serious chromium pollution, thus the upgrading of cleaner chrome tanning process is imminent. In order to reduce the residual chromium in wastewater and increase the utilization rate of chrome tanning agent, 4-acetyl-heptanediate (AHA), a high exhaustion chrome auxiliary , was developed and applied in chrome retanning process. The results showed that AHA chrome retanning processes (AHA-6 and AHA-4) significantly reduced the chromium content in wastewater by 48.14% and 47.57%, and increased the chromium content in leather by 102.14% and 82.43%. COD and TDS values decreased by 43.82% and 31.46% with AHA-4 method. The addition of AHA obviously reduced the chromium concentration of wastewater, improved the chromium absorption rate, and promoted the cleaner chrome retanning process, which satisfied with the overall requirements of modern sustainable leather industry. The formation of AHA and chromium (III) was discussed using Gaussian 16 program to explain the high exhaustion chrome tanning agent mechanism. The work will guide on design and preparation of new high exhaustion chromium tanning agents for clean leather production.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
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2021
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IF 0.284
Qi Yao,Hualin Chen,Youyi Chen,Lianlong Zhan
Carboxyl-terminated hyper-branched polyester is extensively used as high exhaustion chrome tanning auxiliary owing to its strong coordination ability with trivalent chrome. Owing to lower electronegativity of N than O, the coordination ability with trivalent chrome for hyper-branched polyamide is stronger than polyester. Herein, in this paper, an amino-terminated hyper-branched polyamide (HBPN) is synthesized and used as high exhaustion chrome in tanning of pickling pigskin (HBPN–Cr). The effects of utilization of HBPN in denaturation temperature, shrinkage temperature, chrome uptake, and microstructure structure of wet-blue leather are studied. Moreover, the anti-oxidation stability of wet-blue leather is preliminary studied by heat treatment. The results show that incorporation of 1% HBPN in pickling process can significantly improve chrome uptake to 83.32%. The hydrothermal stability of wet-blue leather is improved due to the formation of higher crosslinking degree of collagen fibers. In addition, for the wet-blue leather without unsaturated fatliquoring agent, through heat treatment, hexavalent chrome does not appear after 24 h heat treatment. On the contrary, the chrome complex changes from hydroxyl copolymerization to more stable oxygen copolymerization or chrome oxide for C–Cr and HBPN-Cr tanned leather, respectively. These results will build a data support for the further study of hyper-branched polymer chrome tanning auxiliaries.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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皮革加工
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2015
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IF 4.642
Taotao Qiang,Xin Gao,Jing Ren,Xiaoke Chen,Xuechuan Wang
This paper discusses the terminal carboxyl groups of the hyperbranched polymer (HPAE-C) complexing Al3+ in aluminum sulfate to synthesis a new chrome-free tanning agent (HPC-Al). The molecular structure of HPC-Al was characterized and analyzed by IR, UV, and XRD. In the tanning process, the results indicate the following: (1) The shrinkage temperature of HPC-Al tanning leather is 79.5 °C. (2) The shrinkage temperature is greater than 95 °C after chrome retanning and about 87 °C after zirconium retanning. (3) It has greatly improved the fullness, softness, and physical-mechanical properties of the leather. Meanwhile, the environmental impact assessment after tanning was evaluated. The results show that biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids are reduced. This indicates that the use of HPC-Al as a tanning agent, with chrome-free or chrome-less tanning, can be achieved.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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皮革化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2024
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IF 7.1
Xugang Dang,Heng Qiu,Shuguang Qu,Shuang Liang,Lianxiang Feng,Xuechuan Wang
This study aimed to pioneer the development of an innovative, eco-friendly, and chrome-free tanning agent, with a focus on promoting sustainable practices in ecological leather production. Two novel biomass-derived tanning agents, namely, β-TCD and β-GCD, were synthesized through a one-pot grafting process involving environmentally friendly epoxy monomers: triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) and glycerol triglycidyl ether (GTE). Characterization through various analytical methods, including FTIR, 1H NMR, XPS, GPC, SEM, and TGA, confirmed the successful grafting of TGIC and GTE onto β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) backbones. The resulting β-TCD and β-GCD exhibited notable epoxide values of 0.349 and 0.388 mol/100 g, respectively, along with a broader molecular weight distribution of intermediates. These newly developed tanning agents, β-TCD and β-GCD, were then applied in depickling goatskin tanning experiments. Results indicated that the crust leather tanned with β-TCD and β-GCD displayed favorable thermal stability, with shrinkage temperatures reaching 84 and 82 °C, respectively. Moreover, the thickening rates of the leather exceeded 40%. The crust leathers tanned with β-TCD, and β-GCD demonstrated excellent physical and mechanical properties, as well as notable resistance to yellowing compared to conventional commercial chrome-free tanning agents like TWS and F-90. Overall, this research emphasizes the efficacy of natural cyclodextrin materials as potent and environmentally friendly alternatives to chromium-based tanning agents, showcasing their significant potential in advancing sustainable and cleaner practices in leather production.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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皮革化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
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2018
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IF 5.651
Qi Yao,Hualin Chen,Henghui Huang,Bailing Liu
A combination chrome tanning technology which endows leather high chrome exhaustion and thermal property based on hydroxyl-terminated dendrimer (HTD) is reported. The chrome concentration in effluent, denaturation temperature (Td), enthalpy (ΔH), thermal degradation active energy (Ea), crosslinking degree of wet-blue leathers are determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetry analysis (TG-DTG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The element (especially chromium) content and distribution of wet-blue leather are also obtained by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS). The results show that the chrome uptake, Td, ΔH and Ea of wet-blue leather tanned with HTD and basic chrome sulphate (HTD-Cr) can reach 94.1%, 117.4 °C and 432.2 J/g, and 153.1 kJ/mol much higher than conventional chrome tanning which is 66.1%, 112.5 °C and 129.2 J/g and 147.2 kJ/mol, respectively. It is because HTD could act as excellent masking agent with good alkaline stability, which slows down the basifying process and promotes chrome penetration towards central of wet-blue leather, resulting in evenly dispersed along the grain layer, middle layer and flesh layer of wet-blue leather. Consequently, crosslinking density of collagen increased, thereby inhibiting the outward diffusion of chrome and improving the chrome uptake. In contrast, for blank trial, the chrome mainly aggregate at grain layer and flesh layer. These results illustrate the chrome tanning promotion mechanism of HTD and provide a valuable insight of developing high exhausted chrome agent based on dendrimer for more sustainable future of leather industry.
研究领域:
皮革化学与工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
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2021
·Vol. 29
·期 5
·7732-7742
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IF 4.223
Jia
Xinju,Tan Ran,Peng Biyu
Leather manufacturing is the process of transforming animal skin into high value-added commodity. As a crucial step in the leather producing process, conventional chrome tanning could lead to discharge of chromium contaminant due to the low efficiency of chromium uptake. In this paper, a series of polyethylene glycol triazine derivatives’ tanning agent (PT) with different molecule weight was synthesized with one-step method and applied in the main tanning of hide. The chemical structure of the PT was detected by FT-IR and 1 H-NMR. The application experimental results indicated that after 16% of PT tanning at pH of 6, the wet-white was endowed with shrinkage temperature over 80°C and thickening rate over 108%. The experimental results indicated that the PT tanning leather not only have a better physical and mechanical properties than commercial triazine derivatives tanning agent, but also the leather is endowed with the effects of outstanding thermal properties. Considering that the pickling process became unnecessary, a large number of neutral salts could be avoided, the chromium load in spent liquor decreased from 1288 mg/L to 0, and the total dissolved chlorine in spent liquor decreased from 15,360 to 9581 mg/L; no toxic and harmful substances such as chromium and aldehyde are introduced into the tanning process. Compared with the leather tanned with commercial triazine derivatives’ tanning agent, the leather tanned with PT showed a similar overall tanning properties and better environmental friendliness, which makes PT matches the integral requirements of the modern sustainable leather industry.
研究领域:
皮革化学与工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
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2021
·Vol. 23
·期 7
·2640-2651
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IF 10.182
Zhicheng Jiang,Mi Gao,Javier Remón,Wei Ding,Changwei Hu,Bi Shi
This work addresses the manufacturing of a pioneering chrome-free tanning agent, consisting of ‘Al–Zr-oligosaccharides’ produced from biomass. First, a microwave-assisted AlCl3–H2O2–H2O reaction system was used for the simultaneous degradation and oxidation of hemicellulose in corncob. The obtained aqueous solution containing ‘Al-oligosaccharides’ was then combined with Zr to produce water-soluble ‘Al–Zr-oligosaccharides’. These species behaved as a ‘Trojan horse’, allowing the uniform and controlled penetration of Al and Zr into the leather, avoiding their accumulation on the surface. The effects of the reaction temperature and the AlCl3 and H2O2 concentrations used during the synthesis were systematically analyzed. Increases in the temperature and AlCl3 concentration improved the hemicellulose conversion, while the use of high H2O2 concentrations augmented the amounts of –CHO/–COOH functionalities in the oligosaccharides, with both phenomena being paramount for the efficient formation of ‘Al–Zr-oligosaccharides’. However, more severe reaction conditions led to the formation of an undesirable species, negatively influencing the tanning performance and chromaticity of the tanning agent. Given this, these parameters were optimized, and it was found that it is possible to convert up to 72 wt% of the hemicellulose present in corncob into an ‘advanced Trojan horse tanning agent’ contained in a colorless water solution, conducting the synthesis at 129 °C with a solvent comprising 56 mM AlCl3 and 2.6 vol% H2O2. The application of this solution for leather tanning provided leather with a shrinkage temperature as high as 87 °C, thus meeting the restrictive requirements of the leather industry. Therefore, these results are a landmark achievement in this field and represent a step forward to a sustainable and renewable leather industry.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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可持续化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2024
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IF 7.1
Sijie Yu,Taotao Qiang,Ruilong Li,Fangfang Dong,Xiaonan Ruan,Yihao Wei,Longfang Ren
To solve the problem of chrome pollution in the leather industry from the source, based on the large end-group functionality and strong designability of the dendrimer, a series of phenolic hydroxyl-terminated dendrimers (Gx-GA) were synthesized. Then, Gx-GA complexed with Al3+ to construct different generations of chrome-free tanning agents (Gx-GA-Al) with polyphenol–metal network (MPN) structures. It can take advantage of its branched structure to form multipoint and multiform cross-linking with leather collagen fibers, thus giving leather excellent physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the shrinkage temperature (Ts) of leather tanned with the first generation of chrome-free tanning agents (G1-GA-Al) reached 87.2 °C, which was 17.6 °C higher than that of 8% aluminum-tanned leather. The tensile strength and elongation at break increased by 26.5 and 60.8%, and the fastness to washing was also greater than 99%. The antibacterial rates against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reached 99.9 and 98.7%, respectively. Moreover, leather tanned by Gx-GA-Al also had a good thickening effect, fullness, and softness. The degradation rate of Gx-GA-Al-tanned leather under natural conditions was much higher than that of chrome-tanned leather. Treated tanning wastewater was used in agricultural irrigation, and results showed that the growth of crops was accelerated. Therefore, the construction of Gx-GA-Al avoided the pollution of chrome from the source and endowed leather with better tanning properties. This study provides a new strategy for sustainable leather manufacturing.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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化学工程
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可持续发展
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2023
·
IF 11.1
Dongyu Hao,Xuechuan Wang,Ouyang Yue,Shuang Liang,Zhongxue Bai,Jin Yang,Xinhua Liu,Xugang Dang
Organic chrome-free tanning agents are an important part of the sustainable development in leather manufacturing industry. However, organic chrome-free tanning agents tanned leather have a low isoelectric point (pI < 5), which results in a low absorptivity of traditional anionic wet finishing materials; as a result, leather quality is poor, and tannery wastewater is difficult to treat. In addition, leather is easily eroded by bacteria and mold during its production, storage, and use, causing serious economic loss to enterprises and users. In this study, hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine (HHTT), ethylene glycol glycidyl ether (EGDE), and collagen polypeptide (CP) were used as raw materials to prepare a wrench-like, antimicrobial, amphoteric, epoxy-terminated, organic chrome-free tanning agent (HHTT-EGDE-CP) with a pI of 5.21, and an epoxy value of 0.267 mol/100 g. HHTT-EHDE-CP can establish a stable covalent cross-linking with collagen fibers, thereby enhancing the physicochemical properties of leather, the absorptivity of anionic wet finishing materials, giving leather long-term and efficient antibacterial properties . Experimental results show, that the shrinkage temperature (78.8 °C) and the absorptivity of anionic fatliquors (93.1%) and dyes (97.5%) of HHTT-EGDE-CP-tanned leather surpassed those of leather tanned using commercial organic chrome-free tanning agents. Notably, the inhibition rates of HHTT-EGDE-CP-tanned leather against E. coli and S. aureus reached 99.93% and 99.99%, respectively. In addition, HHTT-EGDE-CP-tanned leather exhibited excellent inhibition against A. flavus and Asp. niger, with long-term and efficient antibacterial properties. This innovative technique offers new perspectives for designing and developing multifunctional green materials toward the sustainable development of industrial manufacturing.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
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皮革制造
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可持续发展
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）