HYDROMETALLURGY
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2024
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IF 4.8
Xinyu Cheng,Dong Shi,Yuze Zhang,Xiaowu Peng,Shaolei Xie,Lijuan Li,Yong Niu,Yuxuan Wang,Fugen Song
Cesium is an important strategic resource, and solvent extraction is the most frequently used technology for its extraction from various minerals and brines. However, this common method faces operational and cost problems owing to large alkali consumption. A synergistic extraction system consisting of 4- tert -butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol (t-BAMBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was designed and used to extract Cs + from an alkali-free solution. The effects of variables such as: (i) pH, (ii) concentration of t-BAMBP and D2EHPA, (iii) temperature, (iv) Cs + concentration, and (v) coexisting cations, on the Cs + extraction performance of the synergistic system were investigated. The most suitable organic phase composition was 1.0 mol/L t-BAMBP and 0.1 mol/L D2EHPA in kerosene, and the synergistic coefficient was up to 57 at 25 °C and an organic/aqueous phase volume ratio of 1/1. The extraction sequence of cations using the t-BAMBP–D2EHPA synergistic system followed the descending order Cs + > Rb + > Ca 2+ > K + > Li + > Mg 2+ > Na + . The chemical formula of the extracted species was determined as [CsA(HA)(ROH) 2 ] using the slope method. The Cs + extraction process is an exothermic reaction with an enthalpy ( ΔH o ) of −55.3 kJ mol −1 , confirmed by the thermodynamic study. After three-stage countercurrent extraction, the extraction efficiency of Cs + was 92.6%, demonstrating excellent selectivity from coexisting cations. The t-BAMBP–D2EHPA synergistic system showed outstanding economic and environmental advantages and a good application prospect to develop a conceptual process flowsheet for extraction with this system and stripping with HCl to separate cesium salt from salt-lake brine.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
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2024
·
IF 5.3
Jintao He,Junyuan Hua,Xiaohua Ma,Ranil Wickramasinghe,Jianxin Li
Efficient extraction of Cs + from aqueous solution was investigated by liquid–liquid extraction based on ionic liquids (ILs). In this study, Di(aminobenzo)-18-crown-6 (DAB18C6) was used as the extractant and three ILs (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C 4 mim][PF 6 ]), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C 6 mim][PF 6 ]), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis-trifluoromethyl sulfonamide ([C 4 mim][NTf 2 ])) were employed as co-extractants in the construction of a liquid–liquid extraction system for efficient and selective extraction of Cs + from aqueous solutions. It was demonstrated that the DAB18C6-[C 4 mim][NTf 2 ] mixed solvent system at 0.12 mol/L DAB18C6, a mass ratio of ILs/CHCl 3 of 1:4 and a volumetric ratio of O/A of 1:1 exhibited a high % extraction of Cs + up to 99.94 %, with a higher selectivity for Cs + relative to coexisting ions such as K + ( β Cs/K = 1216.7) and Rb + ( β Cs/Rb = 139.03). The high selectivity of the extraction system for Cs + was attributed to the lower hydration binding energy of Cs + (−366.51 kJ/mol) and the stronger interaction between DAB18C6 and Cs + , g(r) = 12.7. Further, the hydrogen bonding interaction between the amino crown ether and ionic liquid increases the viscosity and surface tension of the extraction system, thus enhancing the stability of the system. Noteworthy, the most stable structure formed by DAB18C6-Cs + -[NTF 2 ] − is attributed to cation exchange. In summary, this study demonstrates the great potential for efficient separation and extraction of cesium from aqueous solutions.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2025
·
IF 5.3
Xiaozhou Zhou,Tong Zhong,Wenjuan Guan,Mingyu Wang,Shengxi Wu,Xinsheng Wu,Zuoying Cao,Qinggang Li,Guiqing Zhang
Lepidolite is one of the important resources containing Li, Rb, and Cs. Currently, sulfate roasting is the predominant industrial method for processing lepidolite. However, this approach faces challenges including low comprehensive recovery, high energy consumption, and significant reagent usage. This study introduces a clean and efficient technology for recovering Li, Rb, and Cs from lepidolite, based on alkali and water cycles. The process encompasses collaborative leaching with a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), selective impurity removal using Ca(OH) 2 , and alkaline extraction for lithium recovery. Experimental results demonstrated that the leachate could be recycled 2 times to enrich Li, Rb, and Cs. The average leaching efficiencies after 2 cycles were: 92.7 % Li, 94.3 % Rb, 94.5 % Cs, and 94.6 % K, under the leaching conditions of 400 g/L NaOH, 0.6 of mass ratio of Ca(OH) 2 /ore, <106 μm particle size, 5 h reaction time and 250 °C. The XRD and SEM-EDS analyses revealed that the leach residue comprised the phases Ca 0.63 Fe 2.37 Fe 2 (SiO 4 ) 3 , NaCaHSiO 4 , CaF 2 , and Fe 3 O 4 . Furthermore, Ca(OH)₂ was employed for selective impurity removal from the solution, achieving a valuable metal loss of only 0.67 %. Subsequently, Li was efficiently recovered via synergistic solvent extraction using dodecyl phenyl methyl-β-diketone (LIX 54) and trialkylphosphine oxide (TRPO). The 85 % volume fractions of raffinate of Li could be returned to pressure leaching to reuse H 2 O and NaOH. The process developed in this study features environmental friendliness, high comprehensive recovery, and low reagent consumption, providing a promising approach for the clean and efficient utilization of lepidolite.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
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2014
·Vol. 302
·期 1
·575-581
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IF 1.415
Dai Ying,Zhang Anyun
A new supermolecular recognition agent named tetra - tert -butyl-calix[4]-bis[(4-methly-1,2-phenylene-crown-6] ( Tert ButylCalixC) was synthesized. Batchwise experiments of extraction of Na(I), K(I), Rb(I), Cs(I), Sr(II), Ba(II), Ru(III) and Fe(III) from aqueous solution with Tert ButylCalixC/ o -nitroanisole were carried out. Effects of HNO 3 concentration, contact time and temperature on the extraction behavior were examined. The equilibrium established within 30 min implied a fast extraction kinetics. The optimal operation temperature was 298 K. Stoichiometry of Tert ButylCalixC and Cs(I) by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry characterization revealed 1:1 molar ratio. It was observed that the extraction system of Tert ButylCalixC/ o -nitroanisole was effective for selective removal of Cs(I), showing remarkable separation performance.
研究领域:
化学
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环境科学
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高影响因子
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