Jie Chen,Chenjing Zhang,Renwei Liu,Longyang Jia,Qianqian Niu,Suna Fan,Yaopeng Zhang
The development of visible periodic piezoelectric domains is highly attractive but challenging to overcome the homogeneous distribution and lack of visualization of the electric field on traditional piezopolymers. This work reports an in situ synthesis to create customized silver patterns with micron-level distinguishability. This method serves to form visible periodic piezoelectric domains and endows the silk fibroin (SF) piezoelectric generator with maximum root mean square current, energy density, and voltage of 5.1 mA, 6.7 W m −2 and 529.5 mV, respectively, under an ultrasound intensity of 1.0 W cm −2 . The oriented piezoelectric electric field is periodically distributed into the SF film with ultrasound-driven assistance and remarkably regulates neurite directional growth, length, and gene expression. Additionally, these piezoelectric domains enable the direct and timely observation of the electric field's effect on neurites by biological microscopy. This approach paves the way for great potential in tailored electric stimulation for cell biology and medical engineering.
Flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCEs) are essential components in emerging optoelectronics, including flexible displays, smart glasses/windows, organic solar cells, and electronic skins. The surface energy-directed assembly (SEDA) process, known for its capability to create high-resolution and high-fidelity patterns, has been utilized to fabricate TCEs on rigid glass substrates. However, the fabrication of FTCEs on flexible substrates remains comparatively underexplored. Here, we present the fabrication of silver patterns on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates using the SEDA process. A surface treatment process has been devised to render the PEN substrates hydrophobic, achieved through coating the substrates with fluorine-containing PyFlon films. This approach yields a significant improvement over silane-based self-assembled monolayer film-coated substrates, as it drastically diminishes surface roughness. Consequently, the contact angle hysteresis of the substrate surface is minimized, enabling the effective dewetting of the nanoparticle suspension. The incorporation of PyFlon films into the SEDA process has proven to be highly successful. Using this approach, we have successfully assembled functional patterns of various geometries and dimensions on PEN substrates, composed of silver nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, and gallium indium eutectic, with a high resolution down to 500 nm. The assembled silver line electrodes exhibit excellent transmittance (∼88%), low sheet resistance (7.12 Ω/□), and high mechanical stability, and their application in electroluminescent devices is showcased.
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