JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
·
2017
·Vol. 40
·期 24
·4857-4864
·
IF 2.557
Zhongping Huang,Yueting Xu,Yilei Huang,Charles Liu,Kezhi Jiang,Lili Wang
A novel method based on direct analysis in real time integrated with mass spectrometry was established and applied into rapid determination of ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba kernels and leaves. Instrument parameter settings were optimized to obtain the sensitive and accurate determination of ginkgolic acids. At the sample introduction speed of 0.2 mm/s, high intensity of [M–H] – ions for ginkgolic acids were observed in the negative ion mode by utilization of high-purity helium gas at 450°C. Two microliters of methanol extract of G. biloba kernels or leaves dropped on the surface of Quick-Strip module was analyzed after solvent evaporated to dryness. A series of standard solutions of ginkgolic acid 13:0 in the range of 2–50 mg/L were analyzed with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9981 and relative standard deviation ( n = 5) from 12.5 to 13.7%. The limit of detection was 0.5 mg/L. The results of direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry were in agreement with those observed by thermochemolysis gas chromatography. The proposed method demonstrated significant potential in the application of the high-throughput screening and rapid analysis for ginkgolic acids in dietary supplements.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
植物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2021
·
IF 5.645
Qihui Dong,Jun Cao,Rong Wu,Tingting Shi,Wen Zhang,Fuliang Cao,Guibin Wang,Erzheng Su
Extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves (EGb) is a widely used phytotherapy drug, while ginkgolic acids (GAs) are considered as potentially hazardous constituents in EGb. In this work, a liquid-liquid microextraction method for removing ginkgolic acids from Ginkgo biloba leaves crude extract using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) was reported. After screening and designing, a ternary hydrophobic DES composed of l -menthol, 1-hexanol and lauric acid at a molar ratio of 1:0.8:0.2, named as MHL, gave the highest removal rate of GAs. The removal conditions were optimized based on the removal rate of GAs, and the optimal conditions were 27.5 % (v/v) of ethanol solution used as the aqueous phase for dissolving the Ginkgo biloba leaves crude extract, 180 μL of the hydrophobic DES, removal temperature of 40 °C, and removal time of 24 min, respectively. Under these conditions, the removal rate of GAs in the model EGb solution reached 74.35 ± 1.56 %. Only one step removal could reduce the GAs content in the real Ginkgo biloba leaves crude extract to 4.02 μg/g (below 5.00 mg/kg). Scaling up the removal operation volume by 100 times, the removal rate of GAs did not decrease, but even improved. The retention rates of total flavonoids and ginkgolides always kept at high levels. This work provides the basic for further considering hydrophobic DESs as green media for efficiently removing the GAs in the standardized EGb production.
研究领域:
药学
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分析化学
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植物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis
·
2020
·Vol. 16
·期 6
·763-773
·
IF 0.923
Yaro Peter,Nie Jing,Xu Mingcheng,Zeng Kui,Zeng Su
Background: Terpene lactones are major components of ginkgo biloba extract which are used in cardiovascular and degenerative diseases. To study the involvement of transporters in the transport/disposition of ginkgolides A, B, C, and bilobalide, a bioanalytical assay was developed by
LCMS/ MS system for the quantitation of intracellular levels of terpene lactones in cells expressing organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2). Methods: The assay involved an optimized simple sample handling with methyl tert-butyl ether for liquid-liquid extraction and reconstitution in modified
dissolution solution. Pretreatment of samples with 50 μM ascorbic acid and the addition of ascorbic acid and formic acid in dissolution solution significantly reduced matrix effect and stabilized the postpreparative samples. Separations were performed by Zobrax RRHD column (extend-C18 1.8μm,
3.0 x 100mm) and acetonitrile gradient elution. The analysis was carried out in the negative ion scan mode using multiple reaction monitoring. Results: The method was validated for linearity (concentration range of 20-5000nM), accuracy (±13.1%), precision (<11.0%), recovery
(94.31–105.9%), matrix effect (93.8-111.0%) and stability. Finally, the method was applied in the determination of intracellular concentrations of ginkgolides A, B, C, and bilobalide in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK-mock) and MDCK-OCT2 cells in uptake study. Conclusion: The developed
method was successfully validated. Results suggest that OCT2 is involved in the renal disposition of ginkgolide A, B, and bilobalide. This method would foster the study of transport mediated activity via the interaction of ginkgolides and bilobalide with cellular systems.
研究领域:
药理学
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分析化学
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药物代谢
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 3.2
Desy Anggraini Soetanto,Fengnan Li,Isaac Duah Boateng,Xiao-Ming Yang
Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBLs) contain high phytoconstituents, but ginkgolic acids (GAs, the main toxic compound in GBLs) have limited its applications. Processing Ginkgo biloba dark tea (GBDT) using fixation technology could decrease the toxic compounds; retain flavonoids, ginkgolides, and bilobalide; and improve the product quality. For the first time, various thermal fixations (hot air fixation [HAF], iron pot fixation [IPF], and boiled water fixation [BWF]) followed by rolling, fermentation, and drying were applied to produce GBDT. A comprehensive analysis of the toxicants (GAs), main bioactive compounds (ginkgolides and bilobalide, flavonoids, antioxidants, and phenolic profiles), and product qualities (moisture content, reducing sugar [RS], free amino acids [FAAs], enzyme activity, color properties, antioxidant capacity, etc.) were evaluated. The results revealed that thermal fixations BWF and HAF significantly reduced the GA contents (41.1%–34.6%). Most terpene lactones showed significant differences in control, IPF, and HAF. The HAF had lower total flavonoid content (TFC) than BWF and IPF. The control group (unfixated) had the highest toxic components (GA), terpene trilactones, and TFC compared with various fixations. Adding different fixations to rolling, fermentation, and drying had various impacts on GBDT, and principal component analysis supported the results. Among four thermal fixations, HAF yielded the best results in RS, FAA, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities, while IPF had the highest TFC. BWF had the lowest content for GA. In conclusion, HAF (6) was chosen as the best technique for producing GBDT since it preserved GBDT's bioactive components while lowering its toxic components.
研究领域:
食品科学
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药理学
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植物科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2014
·
IF 4.258
Wenhua Ji,Xiuli Ma,Hongkai Xie,Lingxiao Chen,Xiao Wang,Hengqiang Zhao,Luqi Huang
Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (DMIPs) for simultaneously selective removal and enrichment of ginkgolic acids (GAs) during the processing of Ginkgo biloba leaves have been prepared. Two dummy template molecule with similar structural skeleton to GAs, 6-methoxysalicylic acid (MOSA, DT-1) and 6-hexadecyloxysalicylic acid (HOSA, DT-2), have been designed and synthesized. The performance of the DMIPs and NIPs were evaluated including selective recognition capacity, adsorption isotherm, and adsorption kinetics. The selective recognition capacity of the three GAs with four analogues on the sorbents illustrated that the DMIPs sorbents have high specificity for GAs. An efficient method based on DMIP-HOSA coupled with solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed for simultaneously selective removal and enrichment of ginkgolic acids (GAs) during the processing of Ginkgo biloba leaves. The method showed excellent recoveries (82.5–88.7%) and precision (RSD 0.5–2.6%, n = 5) for licorice extracts, Gastrodia elata extracts and pepper extracts spiked at three concentration levels each (50, 100, 200 μg mL −1 ). The results indicated that GAs and standardized Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts could be obtained simultaneously through the DMIP-SPE.
研究领域:
植物化学
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药物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Fengnan Li,Isaac Duah Boateng,Simeng Chen,Xiao-Ming Yang,Desy Anggraini Soetanto,Weimin Liu
Although high temperature processing is a traditional physical processing method used to degrade ginkgolic acid (GA) in Ginkgo biloba L., it leads to loss of abundant bioactive compounds in G. biloba leaves (GBL) such as ginkgo flavonoids , ginkgolides, etc. Pulsed light (PL) is a prospective non-thermal technique that might be a possible solution to the above problem. In this research, the impact of PL and heating pretreatment on GA, ginkgolides and bilobalide, flavonoid profile, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), antioxidant capacity , and total phenolics content (TPC) of GBL was evaluated. Besides, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap High-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was employed to gain insight into the degradation pathway of GA C13:0. The findings showed that fluences of 0.52 J/cm 2 for 300 s reduced GA by 19.94%, while heating at 180 °C for 300 s only reduced the GA by 7.04%. Moreover, the ginkgo flavonoids and terpene trilactones (bilobalide and ginkgolides A to C) in GBL were effectively retained after PL irradiation but significantly reduced by heating at 180 °C. Ginkgo leaves irradiated by PL for 200 s had the highest antioxidant capacity and TPC, while heating produced opposite results. Pulsed light and heating treatments significantly inactivated PPO and POD, but PL preserved color of leaves (lower total color change). UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS results showed that PL irradiation degraded GA C13:0 by removing the hydroxyl or carboxyl group of the benzene ring. These findings demonstrate that PL treatment can improve quality of GBL, opening a broader way for its applications in food industry.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
药理学
·
植物科学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
·
2023
·Vol. 103
·期 10
·4993-5003
·
IF 4.1
Fengnan Li,Isaac D Boateng,Xiao-Ming Yang,Yuanyuan Li,Weimin Liu
BACKGROUND Ginkgo biloba leaves contain beneficial flavonoids, bilobalide (BB), and ginkgolides. However, the toxic ginkgolic acid (GA) limit its application. In this study, various traditional processing methods were used to prepare G. biloba leaf tea (GBLT), including white tea, black tea, dark tea, green tea, and freeze-dried as control, followed by investigations of their effects on quality, antioxidant capacity, bioactive components, and cytotoxicity of the tea products. RESULTS Results showed that different processing methods significantly impact the tea products' quality indexes and the principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) corroborated it. White tea had the highest total sugar (TS) and GA content and the most potent cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. However, TS and GA content and the cytotoxicity of GBLT markedly decreased during fermentation and fixation. Moreover, white tea possessed higher total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and more vigorous antioxidant activities than green tea, black tea, and dark tea. Terpene trilactones value was stable, but different catechins contents fluctuated according to the manufacturing process of different GBLTs. Among the four GBLTs, dark tea combining fixation and fermentation had the lowest GA content and cytotoxicity, less bioactive components reduction, appropriate quality, and stronger flavor. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that fixation and fermentation help reduce GAs during the manufacturing of GBLT. However, their ability to retain bioactive substances needs further optimization in future studies. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
药理学
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生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 3.414
Peter Yaro,Jing Nie,Mingcheng Xu,Kui Zeng,Houhong He,Jianbiao Yao,Ruwei Wang,Su Zeng
Ethnopharmacological relevance The major terpene lactones of ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) include ginkgolide A , B, C and bilobalide are used for the protection of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Terpene lactones are orally bioavailable and predominantly eliminated via the renal pathway. However, information on the transporters involved in the pharmacokinetics (PK) and renal excretion of terpene lactones is limited. Aim of the study The objective of this study is to assess the role of OAT1/3 which are important transporters in the human kidney in the PK and renal excretion ginkgolide A, B, C and bilobalide. Materials and methods Uptake of ginkgolide A, B, C and bilobalide in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells overexpressing OAT1 or OAT3, respectively were studied. To verify the result from in vitro cell models, the studies on PK, kidney accumulation and urinary excretion of ginkgolide A, B, C and bilobalide were carried out in rats. Results The result showed that ginkgolide A, B, C and bilobalide are low-affinity substrates of OAT1/3. Following co-administration with probenecid , a typical inhibitor of OAT1/3, the rat plasma concentrations of ginkgolide A, B, C and bilobalide increased significantly. AUC showed a significant increase in the probenecid-treated rats compared to control rats (893.48 vs. 1123.85, 314.91 vs. 505.74, and 2724.97 vs. 3096.40 μg/L*h for ginkgolide A, B and bilobalide, respectively), while the clearance of these compounds significantly decreased. The accumulation of ginkgolide A, B and bilobalide in the kidney of the probenecid-treated rats was reduced by 1.8, 2.4, and 1.5-fold, respectively; further reducing the cumulative urinary recovery of these compounds. Conclusion The findings indicated that ginkgolide A, B and bilobalide are excreted via OAT1/3-mediated transport in the kidney and OAT1/3 inhibitor significantly influence the PK ginkgolides and bilobalide.
研究领域:
药理学
·
民族药理学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2014
·
IF 2.939
HanLiang Guan,Dawei Qian,Hao Ren,Wei Zhang,Hui Nie,Erxing Shang,Jinao Duan
Ethnopharmacological relevance Extracts from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves confer their therapeutic effects through the synergistic actions of flavonoid and terpenoid components, but some non-flavonoid and non-terpenoid components also exist in this extract. In the study of this paper, an investigation was carried out to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of fourteen compounds to clarify the influences of non-flavonoid and non-terpenoid fraction (WEF) on the pharmacokinetics profile of the flavonoid fraction (FF) and the terpene lactone fraction (TLF) from Ginkgo biloba extracts . Materials and methods A selective and sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method was established to determine the plasma concentrations of the fourteen compounds to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters after orally administration of FF, TLF, FF–WEF, FF–TLF, TLF–WEF and FF–TLF–WEF with approximately the same dose. At different time points, the concentration of rutin (1), isoquercitrin (2), quercetin 3-O-[4-O-(-β-D-glucosyl)-α-L-rhamnoside] (3), ginkgolide C (4), bilobalide (5), quercitrin (6), ginkgolide B (7), ginkgolide A (8), luteolin (9), quercetin (10), apigenin (11), kaempferol (12), isorhamnetin (13), genkwanin (14) in rat plasma were determined and main pharmacokinetic parameters including T 1/2 , T max , C max and AUC were calculated using the DAS 3.2 software package. The statistical analysis was performed using the Student׳s t-test with P <0.05 as the level of significance. Results FF and WEF had no effect on the pharmacokinetic behaviors and parameters of the four terpene lactones, but the pharmacokinetic profiles and parameters of flavonoids changed while co-administered with non-flavonoid components. It was found that C max and AUC of six flavonoid aglycones in group FF–WEF, FF–TLF and FF–TLF–WEF had varying degrees of reduction in comparison with group FF, especially in group FF–TLF–WEF. On the contrary, the values of C max , T max and AUC of four flavonoid glycosides in group FF–TLF–WEF were significantly increased compared with those in group FF. Conclusions These results indicate that non-flavonoid components in Ginkgo biloba extracts could increase the absorption and improve the bioavailability of flavonoid glycosides but decrease the absorption and reduce the bioavailability of flavonoid aglycones.
研究领域:
药理学
·
药学
·
民族药理学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
·
2024
·
IF 4.7
Tingbiao Wu,Deyao Li,Qiuyu Chen,Dezhi Kong,Hongxuan Zhu,Hefeng Zhou,Qingwen Zhang,Guozhen Cui
Ginkgolide B (GB), a compound derived from Ginkgo biloba , exhibits significant cardioprotective properties, although its precise molecular target has yet to be identified. In this study, we synthesized a biotin-labeled GB probe (GB-biotin) to identify the molecular targets of GB. Our experiments demonstrated that treatment with GB or GB-biotin reduced mitochondrial injury, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, GB increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, indicating improved mitochondrial bioenergetics. Proteomic analysis revealed that the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is a key protein that interacts with GB-biotin. This finding was further confirmed through cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and molecular docking, which revealed hydrogen bond formation between GB and VDAC1. Furthermore, overexpression of VDAC1 diminished the protective effects of GB, highlighting the crucial role of VDAC1 in GB-mediated cardioprotection. These findings identify VDAC1 as a therapeutic target for GB in vitro , providing valuable insights into the cardioprotective mechanisms of GB and the development of novel cardioprotective strategies.
研究领域:
药理学
·
分子生物学
·
心血管科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Desalination and Water Treatment
·
2024
·
IF 1
Lincai Peng,Jing Gao,Shun Yao,Xianqiu Lan,Huaiping Li,Hang Song
ABSTRACT As a common agriculture waste as well as available biomass resource from ginkgo tree, ginkgo leaves were used as adsorbent to remove two models of cationic dyes methyl violet (MV) and malachite green (MG) after adequate modification. As the result, hydroxylated magnetic ginkgo leaf powder and carboxylated magnetic ginkgo leaf powder were obtained and characterized, respectively, which had the potential to be an environmentally friendly and economically effective biosorbents for the adsorption of dyes. These new biosorbents exhibited high adsorption capacity for dyes, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 450 mg g –1 for MV and 231 mg g –1 for MG. Further investigation confirmed that these adsorption processes were fitted with pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isothermal model. Moreover, these adsorbents with remarkable magnetism could be easily and rapidly recovered by external magnet after their use. The study demonstrated that the promising and reliable modified biosorbents were very suitable for removal of cationic dyes with high concentration at lower cost.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
生物技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2020
·
IF 4.244
Daoming Wu,Jiayi Feng,Mingli Lai,Jianhui Ouyang,Dandan Liao,Wanwen Yu,Guibin Wang,Fuliang Cao,Douglass F. Jacobs,Shucai Zeng
Higher flavonoids yield can increase economic and industrial efficiency of Ginkgo biloba Linn. leaf-harvesting plantation. However, high-temperature limits ginkgo leaf flavonoids production in warm climates regions. Few studies have reported on methods that may improve ginkgo leaf flavonoids yield by increasing leaf productivity and flavonoids content simultaneously. This study investigated the effects of combined application of fertilizer for bud growth (FBG) and fertilizer for leaf growth (FLG) on the growth, productivity and flavonoids accumulation of ginkgo leaves, aiming to optimize fertilization schemes for improving leaf flavonoids yield of ginkgo in high-temperature regions. Results revealed that FBG significantly improved twig bud break, twig number, and twig elongation, and increased leaf number (up to 446±27.38 per four-year-old seedling) in spring. Topdressing FLG in summer moderated the decline of leaf SPAD (soil and plant analyzer development) values, modulated leaf nutrient content, and significantly increased single leaf dry weight, antioxidative enzyme activities, and leaf flavonoids content. Dry leaf productivity, flavonoids content, and flavonoids yield of four-year-old ginkgo with combined application of FBG and FLG was 103±16.05 g/plant, 6.54±0.13 mg/g, and 615.71±58.22 mg/plant, respectively, which were comparably high in reference to those in the central production region. These results suggest that the integrated application of FBG and FLG is an effective approach for improving ginkgo leaf flavonoids yield in high-temperature regions.
研究领域:
植物学
·
药用植物学
·
农学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）