RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
·
2024
·
IF 11.2
Weizhong Huo,Tong Hu,Yuchao Shao,Rong Ye,Ajmal Muhammad,Wenjing Lu
In this study, the role of inorganic carbon in chain elongation fermentation was investigated by examining its effects at different carbonate concentrations. The results demonstrated that higher yield of caproate (6.3±0.3 g/L - 7.4±0.2 g/L) was achieved with a NaHCO 3 concentration of 2.5-5.0 g/L. Building upon these findings, a chain elongation process for food waste was developed. The caproate productions of control, CO 2 and Na 2 CO 3 trials were 4.6±0.2 g/L, 7.3±0.1 g/L, and 8.3±0.2 g/L, respectively. Chain elongation fermentation of food waste (1t TS) with Na 2 CO 3 enhancement could synthesize 116.9 kg of caproate and 72.5 kg of carbon could be converted in caproate, accounting for 15.5% of the total organic carbon in the food waste. This study provided a comprehensive exploration of the chain elongation process for food waste, offering insights for further optimization and enhancement of food waste chain elongation performance coupling inorganic carbon utilization.
研究领域:
环境工程
·
生物技术
·
废物管理
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2018
·
IF 1.551
Miao-Jun Xu,Hai-Chao Liu,Kun Ma,Bin Li,Zhi-Yong Zhang
A novel flame-retardant chain extension agent (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide)-3,5-triglycidyl isocyanurate defined as DOPO-TGIC was synthesized, and its chemical structure was well characterized and confirmed. The effect of DOPO-TGIC as a synergistic agent on the flame retardancy, rheology, thermal and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/aluminum diethylphosphinate (PA6/AlPi) composites were investigated in details. The results demonstrated that PA6/AlPi/DOPO-TGIC composites (1.6 mm) successfully passed UL-94 V-0 rating with the limiting oxygen index value of 30.5% when the total loading amount of AlPi/DOPO-TGIC was 10 wt%. In order to achieve the equal flame-retardant level, the individual AlPi was required 14 wt%. The incorporated DOPO-TGIC improved the complex viscosity of PA6/AlPi/DOPO-TGIC composites due to the chain extending reaction between epoxide groups in DOPO-TGIC and the terminal groups of PA6 matrix. The mechanical performance of PA6/AlPi/DOPO-TGIC composites was also improved compared with that of PA6/AlPi composites. DOPO-TGIC stimulated to the formation of more sufficient and compact char layer during combustion. The higher melt viscosity and compact char layer of PA6 composites effectively constrained the volatilization of flammable gases, thus the heat release was reduced. Consequently, the introduction of DOPO-TGIC simultaneously enhanced the flame retardant and mechanical properties of PA6/AlPi/DOPO-TGIC composites compared with that of PA6/AlPi composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E206–E215, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2018
·
IF 2.955
Yan Xu,Xiaoqian Ji,Fangqing Ge,Chaoxia Wang
The hydroxyl terminated polyurethanes covalently bonded anthraquinone chromophores into skeleton were successfully synthesized based on 1-amino-4-hydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-hexyloxy) anthraquinone (AHHA) and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) as chain extenders. The UV–visible spectroscopy of polyurethane solution revealed that the conjugated structure of chromophore was not affected after bonding into polyurethane. Owing to the absorption of chromophore in the range of 360–630 nm, the polyurethane with 0.12 wt% AHHA in backbone possessed high transmittance of 94.6% in the range of 630–800 nm and that of polyurethane with 0.89, 1.32, 2.13 wt% AHHA were 87.9%, 82.5%, 78.6%, respectively. Interestingly, the optical transmittance of corresponding polyurethane was 80.5% in the range of 630–800 nm. Transparency was strongly related to the phase separation and crystallization behavior. The DSC curve revealed no endothermic peak and XRD showed a broad diffraction peak, demonstrating that chromophore-incorporated polyurethane with different AHHA amounts had no distinct phase separation and crystallization that accounted for good transparency.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 46
·51371
·
IF 3.125
Yulong Wang,Yaqiong Li,Maoyong He,Jingjing Bai,Bingxiao Liu,Zhenzhong Li
In this work, four aliphatic chain extenders, hexanediol (HDO), hexane diamine (HDA), cystamine (CY), and cystine dimethyl ester (CDE), were chosen to synthesize four kinds of polyurethane and poly(urethane-urea)s (PUs), respectively. HDO extended polyurethanes, HDA extended poly(urethane-urea), CY extended poly(urethane-urea), and CDE extended poly(urethane-urea) were denoted as OPU, APU, CPU, and SPU, respectively. The effect of chain extender type on microphase structure and performance of four PUs was investigated. Our research showed that mechanical strength increased in the following order: OPU < SPU < CPU < APU, and self-healing performance increased in the opposite direction. This result is attributed to the increasing degree of microphase separation: OPU < SPU < CPU < APU. The optimal sample SPU has not only excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 27.1 MPa and elongation at break of 397.7%), but also exhibits superior self-healing performance (self-healing efficiencies of 95.3% and 93.5% based on tensile strength and elongation at break). The moderate degree of microphase separation between the soft segments and the hard segments, the introduction of disulfide bonds and low degree of hydrogen bonding are responsible for preparing a polyurethane or poly(urethane-urea) system with high mechanical strength and excellent self-healing performance simultaneously. This work provides useful information for us to develop self-healing polyurethane or poly(urethane-urea) materials in the future.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.7
Wenhe Ding,Hongyan Liu,Yanyan Bo,Siqi Zhan,Zaiqian Yu,Yuting Zhang,Ruize Yuan,Shiwei Wang,Mingyao Zhang
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been applied to high-performance laminated glass depending on its high impact strength and bonding properties. The utilization of various polyurethane molecular structures in laminated glass is scarcely reported. The selection and application of chain extenders are crucial for TPU performance. In this work, aliphatic polyurethane film with high strength has been successfully synthesized, incorporating chain extender of poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether) (PEA230). The films with melting point above 80°C were prepared by adjusting the proportion of dimethylglyoxime (DMG), while simultaneously monitoring the thermal behavior of the samples by DMA. Results indicate that combining PEA230 and DMG in a 1:1 molar ratio yields the hydrogen bonding degree of 85.77%, toughness of 43.14 MJ m 3 , and shear stress of 1.8 MPa for the polyurethane film. Subsequently, laminated glasses based on the polyurethane film with different thermal properties were constructed successfully, and their super strong impact resistance was confirmed through falling ball impact experiments.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2014
·Vol. 132
·期 9
·
IF 1.64
Weihua Fan,Yue Zhao,Aijing Zhang,Yukun Liu,Yanxia Cao,Jinzhou Chen
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/nano zinc oxide/copper chlorophyll acid (CCA) antibacterial nanocomposites with excellent mechanical properties were prepared in the presence of a chain extender named tolylene diisocyanate (TDI). The effect of the chain extender on the PLA long chain was confirmed by the increased molecular weight shown in the mass flow rate and gel permeation chromatography. Escherichia coli were adopted to examine the antibacterial ability of the blends. The effect of CCA is also discussed with regard to the enhancement of the antibacterial effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) over E. coli . Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to view the agglomeration and dispersion of ZnO in the PLA matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis revealed a relatively stable thermal performance of the nanocomposites with and without TDI. A sharp increase in the mechanical properties was also observed after the addition of the chain extender under different processing conditions. Additionally, we found that the nanocomposites with the incorporation of TDI and the masterbatches in batches effectively improved the mechanical properties of PLA/ZnO/CCA without a sacrifice of the antibacterial effect. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 41561.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2021
·
IF 5.161
Wei Xu,Wen Wang,Lifen Hao,Hongna Liu,Fang Hai,Xuechuan Wang
A novel triazine-based fluorinated diol, CC-F, was synthesized from cyanuric chloride (CC), octafluoropentanol (OFP), and ethanolamine (MEA). Subsequently, a series of fluorinated waterborne polyurethanes (CC-FPUF-n, n expressed as mass percentages of CC-F in product formula) were synthesized using CC-F as the chain extender. The chemical structure of the product was verified using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques. The influence of the CC-F contents on the properties of the latex particles, surface properties, thermal stabilities, and mechanical properties of CC-FPUF films was determined using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle (WCA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Mechanical tests were also conducted for the same. The results revealed that the hydrophobic and mechanical properties of the CC-FPUF films were improved. Water contact angle and tensile strength values of the CC-FPUF-8 film were 125.8° and 36.63 MPa, respectively, which were, respectively, 34.1° and 24.47 MPa higher than those of the CC-FPUF-0 film. Thus, the embedding of CC-F into polyurethane molecules could significantly improve the hydrophobic and mechanical properties of the waterborne polyurethane films. Therefore, these novel fluorinated waterborne polyurethanes can be potentially used for hydrophobic coatings in the future.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of CO2 Utilization
·
2018
·
IF 5.503
Xiaoyun Li,Jiexi Ke,Junwei Wang,Chen Liang,Maoqing Kang,Yuhua Zhao,Qifeng Li
In this work, CO 2 was chemically fixed by reacting with 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether in the presence of a basic polystyrene resin catalyst. Under the 100% conversion of 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, five-membered cyclocarbonate with a selectivity of 98.5% was obtained. The cyclocarbonate was then reacted with an excess of 1, 2-ethylenediamine and the product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The results confirmed the successful synthesis of NH 2 terminated product with a selectivity of 98.9%, accompanied by the formation of hydroxyls on β-C to the carbonyl groups, which can be regarded as a new amino-alcohol. Further, the obtained amino-alcohol was applied for the preparation of polyurethane urea as chain extender in a prepolymer way. Since the reactivity of isocyanate with NH 2 is much faster than that with OH, the OH groups can be maintained in the system and hence strengthen the hydrogen bonding in polyurethane urea, which endows the materials with some unique properties. Comparing with the polyurethanes yielded from 1, 6-hexanediamine and 1, 6-hexanediol, polyurethane urea synthesized from the new amino-alcohol possessed better water/solvents resistance, considerable mechanical and thermal properties.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2019
·
IF 3.42
Botian Li,Wei Shao,Yanzan Wang,Da Xiao,Chen Li,Chengyou Kan
In this work, a new method for facile synthesis of covalently colored polyurethane latex was developed. A series of blue dye monomers were synthesized via one-step reaction of a reactive dye and amino compounds, and then employed as chain extenders to react with polyurethane prepolymer in the emulsification process to prepare the covalently colored polyurethane latexes. The chemical structures and the properties of dye monomers and the corresponding polymers were investigated, and the UV–Vis spectra of covalently colored polyurethane featured fairly consistent with dye monomers with maximum absorption wavelength at 620 nm and 580 nm, since the chemical structure of chromophore maintained unchanged. The conversion of dye monomer reached more than 92% with 1.0 wt% dye content, whereas the conversion decreased with the increase of the dye amount and the adding time. Compared with the noncovalently latex film, the light fastness of the covalently colored latex film was greatly promoted due to the chemical bonding of chromophores with polymer matrix.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 5
·2332-2342
·
IF 3.049
Caiyun Zhao,Chaoxia Wang,Youjiang Wang,Donggang Yao
A novel polyurethane elastomer (PUE) that exhibited high tensile strength, large elongation at break, great color strength and supreme color fastness was successfully designed and synthesized. The PUEs were prepared with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as hard segments, polycarbonate diol (PCDL)/polytetrahydrofuran glycol (PTHF) as mixed soft segments, and anthraquinone chromogen as the chain extender agent. The relationships between the mechanical properties/color performance and chromogen addition content were investigated. The chromogen actual access rate of the obtained BPUEs was evaluated by UV-Vis. The clear tortuous surface and entanglements were exhibited in PUEs micromorphology structure, indicating a significant reinforcement of mechanical properties. Elongation-at-break and tensile strength reached the maximum value 2394% at 1% (BPUE1) and 18.29 MPa at 5% (BPUE5), respectively, and then decreased as chromogen addition content increased. Mechanical testing results correlate well with XRD and SEM findings, which proved that anthraquinone chromogen induced an improvement in phase separation. Furthermore, BPUE films displayed high color strength and excellent color fastnesses. The rubbing fastness and washing fastness of BPUE1 and BPUE0.5 reached grade 5, respectively. These inspiring findings suggest that PUE films with superb performance have potential to be directly applied in the textile field.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纺织科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 22
·17888-17895
·
IF 3.289
Lin Gu,Bin Cui,Qing-Yun Wu,Haibin Yu
In this work, a series of bio-based shape memory polyurethanes were synthesized from polylactide copolymer diols, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and chain extenders, in which the chain extenders are used to adjust their transition temperatures and shape memory properties. These bio-based polyurethanes (bio-PUs) show a Tg in the range of 28.7–34 °C, which is very closed to the body temperature and can be adjusted by the carbon chain length of the chain extenders. Moreover, they have low Young's modulus (34.7 MPa) and high elongation (434.0%). Through a series of shape memory tests, the bio-PUs exhibit good shape memory behavior at the body temperature with a shape recovery rate greater than 90%. Especially, the bio-PU from 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) with a non-planar ring structure displays the highest shape recovery rate, which may be because CHDM in the hard segments acts as a “molecular spring”. Therefore, these shape memory bio-PUs are expected to have many practical applications in medical devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2022
·Vol. 14
·期 9
·1673
·
IF 4.967
Pengcheng Yi,Jingrong Chen,Junyao Chang,Junbo Wang,Ying Lei,Ruobing Jing,Xingjiang Liu,Ailing Sun,Liuhe Wei,Yuhan Li
Commercial diol chain extenders generally could only form two urethane bonds, while abundant hydrogen bonds were required to construct self-healing thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU). Herein, two diol chain extenders bis(2-hydroxyethyl) (1,3-pheny-lene-bis-(methylene)) dicarbamate (BDM) and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) (methylenebis(cyclohexane-4,1-diy-l)) dicarbamate (BDH), containing two carbamate groups were successfully synthesized through the ring-opening reaction of ethylene carbonate (EC) with 1,3-benzenedimetha-namine (MX-DA) and 4, 4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane (HMDA). The two chain extenders were applied to successfully achieve both high strength and high self-healing ability. The BDM-1.7 and BDH-1.7 elastomers had high comprehensive self-healing efficiency (100%, 95%) after heated treatment at 60 °C, and exhibited exceptional comprehensive mechanical performances in tensile strength (20.6 ± 1.3 MPa, 37.1 ± 1.7 MPa), toughness (83.5 ± 2.0 MJ/m3, 118.8 ± 5.1 MJ/m3), puncture resistance (196.0 mJ, 626.0 mJ), and adhesion (4.6 MPa, 4.8 MPa). The peculiar mechanical and self-healing properties of TPUs originated from the coexisting short and long hard segments, strain-induced crystallization (SIC). The two elastomers with excellent properties could be applied to engineering-grade fields such as commercial sealants, adhesives, and so on.Keywords:carbamate-containing chain extenders;high strength;high self-healing ability;adhesive properties
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）