CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
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2023
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IF 4.7
Xiaorong Meng,Yue Jing,Jiaming Li,Zhengmeng Sun,Zhenpeng Wu
Lithium extraction from salt lakes has become a hot research issue in recent years, and LiMn 2 O 4 -based electrochemical lithium extraction is considered to be one of the most promising technologies for application. However, LiMn 2 O 4 limits its further application due to the dissolution of Mn and the Jahn-Teller effect. In this study, a LiNi 0.05 Mn 1.95 O 4 (LNMO-0.05) lithium-extraction electrode material with truncated octahedral characteristics was prepared. The special crystal surface structure enhanced the diffusion and adsorption rates of Li + , whereas Ni doping effectively suppressed the Jahn-Teller effect, and the two mechanisms synergistically enhanced the lithium extraction performance of LMO. In lithium extraction from East Taijiner brine with an Mg/Li ratio of 46, LNMO-0.05 showed excellent ion selectivity (α Mg-Li = 214.08), high lithium extraction capacity (20.99 mg/g) and no significant capacity decay occurred after 10 cycles. These excellent properties make the LNMO-0.05 electrode suitable for industrial electrochemical lithium extraction.
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
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环境科学
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能源技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2024
·
IF 8.1
Hemin Li,Yuefeng Deng,Ji Chen
Lithium is becoming one of the most eye-catching metal elements in modern industry, mainly because of its crucial role in manufacturing lithium-ion batteries. The demand for lithium in the new energy market is burgeoning significantly, while enormous lithium resources reserved in salt lakes in northwest China are not exploited effectively, due to the high Mg/Li mass ratio. Although the TBP extraction system has been applied in lithium extraction from salt lake brines, there are still some problems to be solved, such as its high solubility, easy degradation, and so on. In this work, a novel low dissolution loss extraction system was developed, with DEHEHP and FeCl 3 serving as extractant and co-extractant, respectively. A real brine from Da Qaidam Lake was used to prove its practicality and effectiveness. After studying the detailed conditions of each process, a whole countercurrent process was performed, including eight stages of extraction, two stages of scrubbing, three stages of stripping, and regeneration. It was found that 99.4% of Li + was successfully recovered from the brine, and the stripping liquor contained 22.74 g/L Li + , 0.51 g/L Mg 2+ , and 3.16 g/L B. The concentration of Li + increased approximately 20-fold while the Mg/Li mass ratio decreased by a factor of 3900, from real brine to stripping liquor. High-purity (>98.5%) lithium carbonate products were prepared from the stripping liquor by precipitation. The dissolution loss of the organic phase in the raffinate was only 22.5 ppm, much lower than published works. Finally, the mechanism of extraction and co-extraction were systematically studied and the structure of the complex formed during extraction was revealed as LiFeCl 4 ·2DEHEHP.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
DESALINATION
·
2025
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IF 9.8
Huifang Li,Yu Yue,Xiao Wang,Dahuan Liu
Solvent extraction has emerged as an extremely effective and highly promising approach for extracting lithium ions from salt lake brine, primarily due to its remarkable Li + selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and high efficiency. In this paper, the utilization of bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) as an iron-fixed reagent in an organic solution, along with tributyl phosphate (TBP) as the extractant and FeCl 3 as the co-extractant, is proposed. Compared to the traditional TBP-FeCl 3 system, TBP-Cyanex 272 extraction system holds potential advantages in terms of a more environmentally friendly extraction process. Particularly, during the stripping process, the coordination of Fe 3+ with Cyanex 272 and TBP at a lower Cl − concentration allows Fe 3+ to be retained in the organic phase, thereby facilitating a greener extraction process. This method has effectively overcome the technical challenges associated with TBP-FeCl 3 systems, such as strong acid stripping and strong base saponification. Additionally, as an environmentally friendly extraction system, TBP-Cyanex 272 demonstrates exceptional performance in terms of lithium extraction efficiency and phase separation.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2018
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IF 3.927
Licheng Zhang,Lijuan Li,Dong Shi,Xiaowu Peng,Fugen Song,Feng Nie
The kinetics of forward extraction of lithium from alkaline solution is investigated using a Lewis cell. Different parameters such as lithium concentration, HFTA concentration, TOPO concentration, pH value of aqueous phase, type of anion ion, as well as temperature are studied separately to examine their effect on lithium extraction rate, and an initial rate equation is deduced based on the experiment results. By changing the agitation speed and interfacial area of the Lewis cell, controlling mechanism of the extraction process is determined. Experimental results suggest that lithium extraction is controlled by chemical reaction at the interface rather than in the bulk phase. Further data analysis demonstrates that the lithium extraction is first order with respect to lithium ion concentration, HFTA concentration, and TOPO concentration. Different types of anion ions in aqueous phase show almost no effect on lithium extraction rate according to the experiments. Rate equation of lithium extraction by HFTA and TOPO is proposed as R Li,0 = 10 −4.33±0.1 [Li + ][HFTA][TOPO]. The rate-determining step of lithium extraction is the formation of final complex at the interface and the deduced extraction mechanism justified the experiments results well. For stripping process, effect of lithium concentration in organic, hydrogen ion concentration stirring speed and interfacial area on stripping rate are investigated. Analysis of the experimental data reveal that lithium stripping from organic phase is mainly controlled by chemical reaction and the reaction takes place at the interface rather than phase bulk. Linear regression of the plot of log[HCl] and log[Li + ] org versus logR Li,st reveals that the reaction orders with respect to HCl and lithium in organic are both 1, namely the stripping process is first order with HCl and lithium concentration in organic. Rate equation of lithium stripping from organic phase by HCl is proposed as R Li,st = 10 −4.0±0.1 [Li + ] org [HCl].
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
AICHE JOURNAL
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2024
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IF 3.5
Guimei Zhou,Wenjun Yan,Shufan Yan,Dandan Gao,Debin Zeng,Dongdong Li,Dewen Zeng
Solvent extraction of lithium by β-diketones from alkaline brine has been known to be an efficient process. However, its relatively high working pH, consequently the high alkaline consumption and substantial dissolution loss in raffinate, limit its industrial application. Herein, a novel lithium extractant, i.e., 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-4- n -octoxy-benzophenone (referred to as N531), was proposed, which can extract lithium at relatively lower pH with remarkable low alkaline consumption and dissolution loss. Exactly, the pH corresponding to half lithium extraction is 8.5, and the Li/Na separation factor is ~500. The extractant concentration in the raffinate varied from 0.8 to 9.3 mg L −1 , depending on the pH and salinity. An application case was given to extract lithium from the raw brine of Zabuye salt lake, indicating that N531 is a commercially prospective extractant to extract lithium from alkaline brine.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Separations
·
2022
·Vol. 10
·期 1
·24
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IF 3.344
Huifang Li,Lijuan Li,Wu Li
Lithium extraction from salt lake brine with a high mass ratio of Mg/Li by counter-current method using TBP-DIBK extraction system was investigated in this study. In the extraction process, TBP and DIBK acted as extractant, kerosene was used as diluent, and FeCl3was used as co-extractant. The operation conditions of extraction, scrubbing, stripping, and regeneration were investigated. In this study, 5.5 mol/L LiCl + 0.5 mol/L HCl was used as a scrubbing solution for purifying products, and 6 mol/L HCl solution was used as a stripping agent to transfer Li+from organic phase to aqueous phase. Furthermore, 2 mol/L NaOH and saturated MgCl2were used as the regeneration agent to remove H+from organic phase. The counter-current extraction experiments of 3-1-1-3 stages were carried out. After 10 cycles, the lithium extraction efficiency reached 99.90%; the separation factor of Li/Mg, Li/K, Li/Na, and Li/Ca was 5.215 × 104, 2.159 × 103, 3.659 × 102, and 3.104 × 102, respectively. The results indicated that the TBP-DIBK extraction system was effective at extracting lithium from salt lake brine with a high mass ratio of Mg/Li. Furthermore, the study of extraction thermodynamics suggested that lithium extraction was an exothermic process and that lower temperature promoted lithium extraction.Keywords:lithium extraction;salt lake brine;TBP-DIBK;extraction thermodynamics
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2024
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IF 8.1
Qing Liu,Huifang Xing,Yan Zhang,Yunze Zhao,Meng Rong,Huizhou Liu,Liangrong Yang
The metatitanic acid H 2 TiO 3 (HTO) with high selectivity shows potential in lithium extraction from salt lake brine. Nevertheless, the sluggish adsorption kinetics and unsatisfying actual adsorption capacity hinder H 2 TiO 3 industrial application. Herein, a rare earth element Nd-doped H 2 TiO 3 (Nd-HTO-1 %) was synthesized. The crystallinity, morphology, hydrophilicity, adsorption property and mechanism of Nd-HTO-1 % were systematically characterized by a series of techniques. Interestingly, Nd-doping promotes the generation of oxygen vacancies, thereby increasing the density of surface hydroxyl groups and making the surface high-hydrophilic and particle size decreased. After 1 % Nd-doping, high-hydrophilic HTO was obtained with a contact angle of 16.5°. The adsorption capacity of Nd-HTO-1 % increased by 12.5 % compared with HTO, and the equilibrium time of adsorption reduced by half to 4 h. After eight cycles, Nd-HTO-1 % still showed a considerable adsorption capacity of 39.69 mg·g −1 . In the meantime, the dissolution loss of titanium is merely 0.14 %, showing excellent cycling stability. Combined with the considerable selectivity exhibiting in Qarhan salt lake brine, it demonstrates potential in utilization of Nd-doped H 2 TiO 3 for lithium extraction from salt lake brine.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
DESALINATION
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Shishuo Wang,Fei Guo,Xuemei Wu,Yuandong Jia,Gaohong He,Xiaobin Jiang
Lithium and its compounds are critical strategic resources with wide-ranging applications. This study developed a bipolar membrane precipitation coupled electrodialysis enrichment (BMp-EDe) process for extracting lithium from brines with an Mg/Li ratio of 20. The method is based on phase separation achieved through precipitation-coupled ion permeation and a synergistic mechanism for ion enrichment, resulting in significant process intensification. Key factors such as current density, molar ratio between diluate and base chambers, and base chamber concentration were optimized to control nucleation and prevent membrane fouling. Under conditions of current density ranging from 200 to 400 A·m −2 and a molar ratio of the diluate chamber to the base chamber between 13 and 16, the magnesium removal rate in the BMp-EDe process is found to exceed 99.90 %, with a separation factor greater than 20,000. The optimal separation factor is observed to reach 40,244, with a magnesium removal rate as 99.96 % and a lithium recovery rate as 95.32 %. With optimized operation conditions, the energy consumption of magnesium precipitation decreased from 11.89 kWh·kg −1 (Mg 2+ ) to 7.97 kWh·kg −1 (Mg 2+ ). Thus, an alternative method is presented that employs commercial bipolar membranes to achieve ultra-high magnesium‑lithium separation efficiency. Additionally, a mechanism for the continuous operation of the magnesium precipitation chamber is validated, which can effectively prevent membrane fouling.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
DESALINATION
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Tong Zhou,Nan Zhang,Qi Li,Guoyao Li,Haidong Sun,Chenglan Zhang,Juan Li,Hezhou Liu,Huanan Duan
The rapid increase in the commercialization of electric vehicles and portable electronics has markedly raised the demand for lithium resources. Extracting lithium from brine has become a critical pathway to address future lithium production challenges. However, the lithium extraction efficiency of conventional technologies is limited by the low levels of Li + and the high Mg 2+ /Li + ratio present in brine. A method involving one-step electrolysis with a solid-state electrolyte has been introduced for the direct and efficient extraction of metallic lithium. Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP) is considered a highly promising selective membrane for large-scale lithium extraction from brine sources due to its low cost, excellent stability, and high ionic conductivity. Herein, LATP electrolytes were synthesized through the optimization of solid-state reaction conditions. The resulting LATP pellets exhibited a high relative density of 98.29 % and an impressive ionic conductivity of 3.88 × 10 −4 S cm −1 . The lithium extraction device utilizing LATP as a selective membrane achieved a remarkable current efficiency of 97.4 % and a high lithium production rate of 40.4 μg h −1 cm −2 . After lithium extraction process, the LATP pellets retained the ionic conductivity of 2.69 × 10 −4 S cm −1 and preserved the sodium super ion conductors (NASICON) crystal structure. This study presents an efficient Li + selective membrane for extracting lithium directly from natural brine.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2020
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IF 3.338
Shaohua Wu,Wenju Tao,Yanchen Zheng,Youjian Yang,Jiangyu Yu,Jingbo Cui,Yu Lu,Zhongning Shi,Zhaowen Wang
A hydrometallurgical process was developed to extract lithium from a spent lithium-containing aluminum electrolyte, reduce the stacking of spent aluminum electrolyte, and recover the valuable elements. In this study, we extracted lithium from an electrolyte using the following three steps: 1) leaching with HNO 3 − Al(NO 3 ) 3 , 2) neutralizing the leachate obtained in the first step, and 3) precipitating the lithium carbonate. A lithium extraction efficiency of 88.0% could be achieved after a leaching time of 6 h, at a leaching temperature of 80 °C and an Al/F molar ratio of 1:6. During the process of neutralization, Al 3+ and F − was precipitated as Al 2 ((OH) 0.46 F 0.54 ) 6 (H 2 O). The obtained Li 2 CO 3 with a high purity of 98.8%.
研究领域:
冶金学
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材料科学
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环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
·
2023
·Vol. 9
·期 4
·1456-1465
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IF 2.4
Li Hui-Fang,Li Li-Juan,Ji Lian-Min,Shi Dong
To develop a more stable and more efficient extraction system, a novel amide extraction system, containing extractant N , N -bis(2-ethylhexyl) acetamide (N523) and diluent diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), was proposed in this work. A series of operation conditions, such as the concentration of initial lithium in aqueous phase, the volume ratio of N523 and DIBK, phase ratio of O / A , the molar ratio of Fe/Li, were carried out. The lithium extraction rate reached up to 92% under the optimal extraction conditions. Considering the mass transfer of two phases and consumption of extractant, the three-stage counter-current extraction experiment was conducted. After 6 cycles experiment of the three stage counter-current extraction, the lithium extraction rate reached 99.89% and the separation factor of Li/Mg, Li/Na, Li/K, and Li/Ca were 103,300, 5288, 5233, and 760.4, respectively. The stoichiometry of the complex was LiFeCl 4 ·N523 by the slope method. The results indicated that N523-DIBK extraction system was effective to recovery of lithium from salt lake brine with high mass ratio of Mg/Li. Furthermore, the extraction thermodynamics study revealed lithium extraction was an exothermic process, which meant lower temperature promoted lithium extraction. Graphical Abstract
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2023
·
IF 2.6
Tingting Zhou,Xueli Huang,Baharguli Hadeerbieke,Fangning Yan,Xueying Wang,Qinglong Luo
The phase diagram can guide the comprehensive utilization of salt lake brine, particularly lithium extraction. In this paper, the study on phase equilibria of the quinary system Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+//Cl––H2O saturated with NaCl·2H2O and its subsystem Li+, Na+, Mg2+//Cl––H2O at 258.15 K were carried out using the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method. Based on the experimental data, equilibrium diagrams for stable phases were plotted. For the equilibrium diagram of the quaternary system Li+, Na+, Mg2+//Cl––H2O at 258.15 K, there are two invariant points, five univariant curves, and four crystallization fields. The quinary system Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+//Cl––H2O saturated with NaCl·2H2O at 258.15 K contains three invariant points, seven univariant curves, and five crystallization fields. Comparing the phase diagram of the system at 258.15 K to that at 298.15 K reveals that, except KCl, all crystallization zones have decreased, and LiCl·MgCl2·7H2O has the smallest crystallization zone compared to the other salts in the systems. This fundamental research could be valuable for promoting comprehensive utilization of the lithium-containing salt lake brine.
研究领域:
化学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）