Low-dimensional nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention for next-generation flexible energy devices owing to their excellent electrochemical properties and superior flexibility. Herein, uniform Tellurium nanotubes (Te NTs) were prepared through a facile hydrothermal method, and then a flexible and freestanding electrode was fabricated with Te NTs as active materials and a small amount of nanofibrillated celluloses (NFCs) as a flexible matrix through a vacuum filtration method without adding extra conductive carbon or a binder. The resulting Te-based electrode exhibits a high volumetric capacity of 1512 mAh cm−3at 200 mA g−1, and delivers admirable cyclic stability (capacity retention of 104% over 300 cycles) and excellent rate performance (833 mAh cm−3at 1000 mA g−1), which benefits from the unique structure and intrinsically superior conductivity of Te NTs. After bending 50 times, the Te-based electrode delivers a desirable volumetric capacity of 1117 mAh cm−3, and remains 93% of initial capacity after 100 cycles. The results imply that the Te-based electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical properties and superior flexibility simultaneously, which can serve as a potential candidate for the flexible lithium batteries.Keywords:tellurium nanotubes;nanofibrillated cellulose;flexible electrode;Li-Te battery
Rare-earth (RE) halide solid electrolytes (HSEs) have been an emerging research area due to their good electrochemical and mechanical properties for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSBs). However, only very limited types of HSEs have been reported with high performance. In this work, tens of grams of RE-HSE Li 3 TbBr 6 (LTbB) was synthesized by a vacuum evaporation-assisted method. The as-prepared LTbB displays a high ionic conductivity of 1.7 mS·cm −1 , a wide electrochemical window, and good formability. Accordingly, the assembled solid lithium-tellurium (Li-Te) battery based on the LTbB HSE exhibits excellent cycling stability up to 600 cycles, which is superior to most previous reports. The processes and the chemicals during the discharge/charge of Li-Te batteries have been studied by various in situ and ex situ characterizations. Theoretical calculations have demonstrated the dominant conductivity contributions of the direct [octahedral]-[octahedral] ([Oct]–[Oct]) pathway for Li ion migrations in the electrolyte. The Tb sites guarantee efficient electron transfer while the Li 2s orbitals are not affected during migration, leading to a low activation barrier. Therefore, this successful fabrication and application of LTbB have offered a highly competitive solution for solid electrolytes in ASSBs, indicating the great potential of RE-based HSEs in energy devices.
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